Dough rheology and physicochemical properties of steamed buns fortified with cross-linked rice starch

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre
Author(s): Farah Syahirah Abdul Shukri, Syazwani Abdul Refai, Radhiah Shukri, Kharidah Muhammad, Nor Afizah Mustapha, Wan Zunairah Wan Ibadullah, Nurul Shazini Ramli
Although fibre is associated with numerous health effects, daily fibre consumption is less than recommended. Fibre-enriched food is desirable to overcome this problem and resistant starch (RS) has potential as fibre ingredient. The objective of the research was to study the effect of cross-linked (CL) rice starch (RS type 4) at different levels (0%, 15% and 30%) on dough rheology, physicochemical and sensory acceptance of steamed bun. CL rice starch was produced by cross-linking rice starch with combination of 12% sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate for 3h at 45°C under alkaline condition. The dough of steamed bun was characterized by Farinograph and Extensograph, whereas cooked steamed bun was characterized by total dietary fibre, protein, moisture, textural properties, colour and sensory acceptance. Incorporation of CL rice starch in wheat flour lowered the strength, extensibility and quality of dough. The quality of dough was positively correlated with the protein content, indicating lower gluten formation in fortified SB. Total dietary fibre of steamed bun increased significantly with increasing CL starch in the order: 30CL (2.44%) > 15CL (1.33%) > 0CL (0.75%). Hardness and yellowness of steamed bun incorporated with CL rice starch reduced significantly. SB with 15% CL rice starch showed similar sensory acceptability with control SB. The study suggests that CL rice starch at 15% is suitable to increase fibre in steamed bun with little effects on the appearance and sensory attributes.



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Sulfated polysaccharides from Padina tetrastromatica arrest cell cycle, prevent metastasis and downregulate angiogenic mediators in HeLa cells

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre
Author(s): Geena Mariya Jose, G. Muraleedhara Kurup
Development of therapeutic agents that can inhibit cell cycle, metastasis and angiogenesis in cancer cells is now emerging as a crucial strategy for cancer management. Some marine derived compounds such as sulfated polysaccharides were found to possess all these properties and hence they can be exploited well for these therapeutic applications. Based on this background, the current study focuses on the cell cycle arresting, anti metastatic and anti angiogenic activities of marine algal derived sulfated polysaccharides. Sulfated polysaccharides have been isolated and purified from the marine algae Padina tetrastromatica and named as Ethanolic Sulfated Polysaccharides-Column Purified (ESPs-CP). They were then evaluated for various anticancer effects in HeLa cells. Count and viability assay and cell cycle analysis were done using flow cytometry and other studies include scratch wound assay, CAM assay and gene expression. ESPs-CP successfully arrested cell cycle at Go/G1 phase and the effect was mediated through the upregulated expression of P21 and down regulation of cyclin D. The scratch wound assay revealed the inhibitory effect of ESPs-CP on the migration of HeLa cells. The two important mediators of metastasis, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated by ESPS-CP. During CAM assay, ESPs-CP suppressed the development of new blood vessels and reduced the hemoglobin content. They have also downregulated the expression of VEGF and HIF1A in HeLa cells, which might be the reason behind their anti angiogenic potency. Thus ESPs-CP can be considered as a potent therapeutic agent for the management of cancer.



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Archaeobotanical evidence of crop growing and diet within the areas of the Karanovo and the Linear Pottery Cultures: a quantitative and qualitative approach

Abstract

For the interpretation of the transition process to the European Neolithic, it is important to understand the archaeobotanical on-site display of plant remains in different investigation areas and different archaeological contexts. As regionally diverse archaeological feature types have been sampled in varying ways, they might bring to light different assemblages of plant remains for methodological reasons. Therefore, this paper uses the underlying fully quantified archaeobotanical data from 67 Neolithic sites and 2,279 samples from 832 features in Bulgaria, Austria and Germany. Also, a feature based quantitative comparison was made between the Early to Late Neolithic crop spectra from Bulgaria and those of the Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) of central Europe. This touches the hypothesis of agricultural risk management and the question whether an ecological barrier may have prevented the LBK farmers from growing all of the original crops of the Balkan area and southwest Asia, so that they changed to a less diverse crop spectrum as well as new dietary preferences.

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Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of systematic reviews including harms checklist: A pilot tool to be used for balanced reporting of benefits and harms

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Author(s): Konstantinos I. Bougioukas, Aris Liakos, Apostolos Tsapas, Evangelia Ntzani, Anna-Bettina Haidich
ObjectiveAn Overview of Systematic Reviews (OoSRs) is a study designed to synthesize multiple evidence from existing systematic reviews on a specific domain. The aim of this paper was to offer a pilot version checklist with Preferred Reporting Items for OoSRs (PRIO-harms) in order to promote a more balanced reporting of benefits and harms in OoSRs of healthcare interventions.MethodsThe included items were developed by combining key features from healthcare OoSRs designs with recommendations from statements of other relevant checklists and pertinent methodological review articles. Two raters independently used the PRIO-harms checklist to assess a sample of 20 OoSRs.ResultsThe PRIO-harms tool consists of a 27-item (56 sub-items in total) checklist and is accompanied by a five-stage process flow diagram (identification, screening, eligibility, inclusion and separation of relevant studies). The mean inter-rater reliability (Gwet's AC1 statistic) between reviewers was 0.90 (95%CI: 0.88, 0.92) indicating a very good agreement.ConclusionThe PRIO-harms tool can be used in every OoSRs that addresses healthcare interventions. This instrument will assist overview authors to improve completeness and transparency of research reporting with emphasis on harms. However, it might benefit from critical review and further validation from experts and research teams that produce OoSRs.



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Hydrogen peroxide resistance in Strigomonas culicis: Effects on mitochondrial functionality and Aedes aegypti interaction

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Ana Cristina Souza Bombaça, Felipe de Almeida Dias, Vitor Ennes-Vidal, Aline dos Santos Garcia-Gomes, Marcos Henrique Ferreira Sorgine, Claudia Masini d'Avila-Levy, Rubem Figueiredo Sadok Menna-Barreto
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are toxic molecules involved in several biological processes such as cellular signaling, proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Adaptations to oxidative environments are crucial for the success of the colonization of insects by protozoa. Strigomonas culicis is a monoxenic trypanosomatid found in the midgut of mosquitoes and presenting a life cycle restricted to the epimastigote form. Among S. culicis peculiarities, there is an endosymbiotic bacterium in the cytoplasm, which completes essential biosynthetic routes of the host cell and may represent an intermediary evolutive step in organelle origin, thus constituting an interesting model for evolutive researches. In this work, we induced ROS resistance in wild type S. culicis epimastigotes by the incubation with increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and compared the oxidative and energetic metabolisms among wild type, wild type-H2O2 resistant and aposymbiotic strains. Resistant protozoa were less sensitive to the oxidative challenge and more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation, which was demonstrated by higher oxygen consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential, increased activity of complexes II-III and IV, increased complex II gene expression and higher ATP production. Furthermore, the wild type-H2O2 resistant strain produced reduced ROS levels and showed lower lipid peroxidation, as well as an increase in gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and thiol-dependent peroxidase activity. On the other hand, the aposymbiotic strain showed impaired mitochondrial function, higher H2O2 production and deficient antioxidant response. The induction of H2O2 resistance also led to a remarkable increase in Aedes aegypti midgut binding in vitro and colonization in vivo, indicating that both the pro-oxidant environment in the mosquito gut and the oxidative stress susceptibility regulate S. culicis population in invertebrates.

Graphical abstract

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Reactive oxygen species enhance mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of senescence accelerated prone mice SAMP8

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Valentin Barquissau, Frédéric Capel, Dominique Dardevet, Christine Feillet-Coudray, Anne Gallinier, Marie-Agnès Chauvin, Jennifer Rieusset, Béatrice Morio
Whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) can have opposite impacts on insulin signaling, they have mainly been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. We analyzed the relationship between these three features in skeletal muscle of senescence accelerated mice (SAM) prone (P8), which are characterized by enhanced oxidative stress compared to SAM resistant (R1). Oxidative stress, ROS production, antioxidant system, mitochondrial content and functioning, as well as in vitro and in vivo insulin signaling were investigated in gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. In SAMP8 compared to SAMR1, muscle content in carbonylated proteins was two-fold (p < 0.01) and ROS production by xanthine oxidase 70% (p < 0.05) higher. Furthermore, insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation measured in vivo and ex vivo as well as muscle glucose uptake measured ex vivo were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial respiration evidenced uncoupling and higher respiration rates with substrates of complexes II and IV, in agreement with higher maximal activity of complexes II and IV (+ 18% and 62%, respectively, p < 0.05). By contrast, maximal activity of complex I was 22% lower (p < 0.05). All strain differences were corrected after 6 months of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment, thus supporting the involvement of high ROS production in these differences. In conclusion in muscle of SAMP8 compared to SAMR1, high ROS production is associated to higher insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake but to lower mitochondrial complex I activity. These conflicting adaptations, with regards to the resulting imbalance between NADH production and use, were associated with intrinsic adjustments in the mitochondrial respiration chain (mitochondrial uncoupling, enhanced complexes II and IV activity). We propose that these bioenergetics adaptations may help at preserving muscle metabolic flexibility of SAMP8.

Graphical abstract

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The pathophysiological role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in lung diseases

Mitochondria are critically involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent lung diseases, such as lung fibrosis, asbestos, chronic airway diseases and lung cancer. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes mitoch...

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Association of red cell distribution width with all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality in African American and white adults: a prospective cohort study

While the mortality rate is declining in the United States, the life expectancy gap among different population groups suggests a need to identify biomarkers to improve early identification of individuals at ri...

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The relative efficiency of Iranian’s rural traffic police: a three-stage DEA model

Road traffic Injuries (RTIs) as a health problem imposes governments to implement different interventions. Target achievement in this issue required effective and efficient measures. Efficiency evaluation of t...

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Determinants of self-rated health among shanghai elders: a cross-sectional study

As the most populous nation in the world, China has now becoming an emerging ageing society. Shanghai is the first city facing the challenge of ageing demographics. Against this background, a study that employ...

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Trauma burden in Tanzania: a one-day survey of all district and regional public hospitals

Trauma contributes significantly to the burden of disease and mortality throughout the world, but particularly in developing countries. In Tanzania, there is an enormous research gap on trauma; the limited dat...

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2146: Inhibition of Starvation-Triggered Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in ARPE-19 Cells by Taurine through Modulating the Expression of Calpain-1 and Calpain-2

IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2146: Inhibition of Starvation-Triggered Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in ARPE-19 Cells by Taurine through Modulating the Expression of Calpain-1 and Calpain-2

International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18102146

Authors: Yuanyuan Zhang Shu Ren Yuci Liu Kun Gao Zheng Liu Zhou Zhang

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with multiple initiators and pathways that converge on death for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In this study, effects of taurine on calpains, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE cell line) were investigated. We first confirmed that autophagy, ER stress and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells were induced by Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) through starvation to induce RPE metabolic stress. Secondly, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated autophagy and apoptosis, and suppression of autophagy by 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) reduced the cell apoptosis, but the ER stress was minimally affected. Thirdly, the apoptosis, ER stress and autophagy were inhibited by gene silencing of calpain-2 and overexpression of calpain-1, respectively. Finally, taurine suppressed both the changes of the important upstream regulators (calpain-1 and calpain-2) and the activation of ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis, and taurine had protective effects on the survival of ARPE-19 cells. Collectively, this data indicate that taurine inhibits starvation-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells by modulating the expression of calpain-1 and calpain-2.

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2145: A Functional Interplay between IGF-1 and Adiponectin

IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2145: A Functional Interplay between IGF-1 and Adiponectin

International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18102145

Authors: Stefania Orrù Ersilia Nigro Annalisa Mandola Andreina Alfieri Pasqualina Buono Aurora Daniele Annamaria Mancini Esther Imperlini

A functional relationship is suggested between two well-known protein hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and adiponectin. In the last two decades in fact, different experimental evidence has indicated a non-random link between them. Here, we describe briefly the IGF-1 and adiponectin systems, and we then focus on their putative interplay in relation to several pathological conditions, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Although the existing studies are hardly comparable, they definitely indicate a functional connection between these two protein hormones. In conclusion, the current knowledge strongly encourages further research into the common, as well as novel, mechanisms through which IGF-1 and adiponectin exert their concerted action.

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2144: DNA Adducts Formed by Aristolochic Acid Are Unique Biomarkers of Exposure and Explain the Initiation Phase of Upper Urothelial Cancer

IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2144: DNA Adducts Formed by Aristolochic Acid Are Unique Biomarkers of Exposure and Explain the Initiation Phase of Upper Urothelial Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18102144

Authors: Marie Stiborová Volker M. Arlt Heinz H. Schmeiser

Aristolochic acid (AA) is a plant alkaloid that causes aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), unique renal diseases frequently associated with upper urothelial cancer (UUC). This review summarizes the significance of AA-derived DNA adducts in the aetiology of UUC leading to specific A:T to T:A transversion mutations (mutational signature) in AAN/BEN-associated tumours, which are otherwise rare in individuals with UCC not exposed to AA. Therefore, such DNA damage produced by AA-DNA adducts is one rare example of the direct association of exposure and cancer development (UUC) in humans, confirming that the covalent binding of carcinogens to DNA is causally related to tumourigenesis. Although aristolochic acid I (AAI), the major component of the natural plant extract AA, might directly cause interstitial nephropathy, enzymatic activation of AAI to reactive intermediates capable of binding to DNA is a necessary step leading to the formation of AA-DNA adducts and subsequently AA-induced malignant transformation. Therefore, AA-DNA adducts can not only be utilized as biomarkers for the assessment of AA exposure and markers of AA-induced UUC, but also be used for the mechanistic evaluation of its enzymatic activation and detoxification. Differences in AA metabolism might be one of the reasons for an individual's susceptibility in the multi-step process of AA carcinogenesis and studying associations between activities and/or polymorphisms of the enzymes metabolising AA is an important determinant to identify individuals having a high risk of developing AA-mediated UUC.

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2126: Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of a Ferritin Heavy Chain Subunit from the Eri-Silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini

IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2126: Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of a Ferritin Heavy Chain Subunit from the Eri-Silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini

International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18102126

Authors: Hai-Zhong Yu Shang-Zhi Zhang Yan Ma Dong-Qiong Fei Bing Li Li-Ang Yang Jie Wang Zhen Li Azharuddin Muhammad Jia-Ping Xu

Ferritins are conserved iron-binding proteins that are primarily involved in iron storage, detoxification and the immune response. Despite the importance of ferritin in organisms, little is known about their roles in the eri-silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini). We previously identified a ferritin heavy chain subunit named ScFerHCH in the S. c. ricini transcriptome database. The full-length S. c. ricini ferritin heavy chain subunit (ScFerHCH) was 1863 bp and encoded a protein of 231 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 25.89 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ScFerHCH shared a high amino acid identity with the Bombyx mori and Danaus plexippus heavy chain subunits. Higher ScFerHCH expression levels were found in the silk gland, fat body and midgut of S. c. ricini by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Injection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with an upregulation of ScFerHCH in the midgut, fat body and hemolymph, indicating that ScFerHCH may contribute to the host's defense against invading pathogens. In addition, the anti-oxidation activity and iron-binding capacity of recombinant ScFerHCH protein were examined. Taken together, our results suggest that the ferritin heavy chain subunit from eri-silkworm may play critical roles not only in innate immune defense, but also in organismic iron homeostasis.

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Higher educational attainment associated with reduced likelihood of abnormal cervical lesions among Zambian women - a cross sectional study

The high burden of cervical cancer in Zambia prompted the Ministry of Health and partners to develop the cervical cancer prevention program in Zambia (CCPPZ) in 2006. Despite this intervention more women conti...

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Time to get under-involved with the kids

When it comes to nurturing children's creative skills, we have got it all wrong, argue two new books – especially when it comes to over-parenting

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Time to get under-involved with the kids

When it comes to nurturing children's creative skills, we have got it all wrong, argue two new books – especially when it comes to over-parenting

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The Rise of the Recliner as a Male Social Space Pexels Krystal D'Costa The Sciences Evolution What Do Companies Mean by Culture? http://ift.tt/2xJIHsc 5F90AB4B-D78F-4E7F-8AB5B4E132897BFA Mon, 04 Sep 2017 16:00:00 GMT Supportive. Curious. Unafraid. These are some of the words that advertising agencies use to describe their company culture. But do any of these words actually connect them with what culture actually is? Pexels Krystal D'Costa The Sciences Arts & Culture Labor Day: It's Abo

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Brain Sciences, Vol. 7, Pages 130: Propofol Induces Apoptosis of Neurons but Not Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, or Neural Stem Cells in the Neonatal Mouse Hippocampus

Brain Sciences, Vol. 7, Pages 130: Propofol Induces Apoptosis of Neurons but Not Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, or Neural Stem Cells in the Neonatal Mouse Hippocampus

Brain Sciences doi: 10.3390/brainsci7100130

Authors: Yasheng Yan Shigang Qiao Chika Kikuchi Ivan Zaja Sarah Logan Congshan Jiang Thiago Arzua Xiaowen Bai

It has been shown that propofol can induce widespread apoptosis in neonatal mouse brains followed by long-term cognitive dysfunction. However, selective brain area and cell vulnerability to propofol remains unknown. This study was aimed to dissect toxic effect of propofol on multiple brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neural stem cells (NSCs). Seven-day-old mice were intraperitoneally administrated propofol or intralipid as a vehicle control for 6 hours. To identify vulnerable cells undergoing apoptosis following propofol exposure, brain sagittal sections were co-stained with antibodies against an apoptosis marker along with neuron, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, or NSC markers using immunofluorescence staining. The results showed widespread apoptosis in propofol-treated brains (apoptotic cells: 1.55 ± 0.04% and 0.06 ± 0.01% in propofol group and intralipid-treated control group, respectively). Apoptotic cell distribution exhibits region- and cell-specific patterns. Several brain regions (e.g., cerebral cortex and hippocampus) were more vulnerable to propofol than other brain regions. Most apoptotic cells in the hippocampus were located in the cornus ammonis 1 (CA1) subfield. These apoptotic cells were only detected in neurons and not astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or NSCs. These data demonstrate that different brain regions, subfields, and different types of neuronal cells in mice exhibit various vulnerabilities to propofol. Understanding region- and cell-specific susceptibility to propofol will help to better understand cellular contribution to developmental neurotoxicity and further develop novel therapeutic targets.

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