Process-based model in adolescence. Analyzing police legitimacy and juvenile delinquency within a legal socialization framework

Abstract

The empirical evidence on the process-based model of self-regulation shows that procedural justice evaluations and the perceived legitimacy of authorities impact law-abiding behavior. However, few studies analyze this theory from the perspective of adolescent legal socialization. The present study aims to examine the process-based model and other socializing agents such as family, school and peers that may have an effect on it. The sample comprised 2041 youths residing in Spain, aged between 13 and 18 years. The data form part of the Third International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-3). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to predict police legitimacy and juvenile delinquency. The results reveal that police legitimacy perceptions are not only influenced by procedural justice, but also by parental monitoring, school attachment, and delinquent peers. Moreover, perceptions of police legitimacy, parental monitoring, and delinquent peers predict juvenile delinquency. These findings complement and add new explanatory factors to the process-based model.

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The Voiced Oral High-frequency Oscillation Technique's Immediate Effect on Individuals With Dysphonic and Normal Voices

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of the voiced oral high-frequency oscillation (VOHFO) on voice quality in acoustic voice symptoms and self-reported sensations in individuals with voice complaints and dysphonic voices, and in individuals with normal voices.

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Laryngeal Manual Therapies for Behavioral Dysphonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to review systematically the literature and to analyze the effectiveness of laryngeal manual therapy in addressing the overall severity of vocal deviation, the intensity of vocal and laryngeal symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain in adults with behavioral dysphonia.

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Otolaryngic manifestations of Cushing disease

Edward C. Kuan, MD, MBA; Kevin A. Peng, MD; Jeffrey D. Suh, MD; Marvin Bergsneider, MD; Marilene B. Wang, MD

Abstract

Cushing disease is a relatively rare cause of Cushing syndrome secondary to a hyperfunctioning pituitary adenoma. In addition to signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism, Cushing disease may present with diverse otolaryngic manifestations, which may guide diagnosis and management. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who were found to have Cushing disease and who underwent transnasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas between January 1, 2007, and July 1, 2014, at a tertiary academic medical center. There were 37 consecutive patients in this series with Cushing disease caused by a pituitary adenoma. Fifteen (41%) patients complained of visual changes. Five (14%) patients suffered from obstructive sleep apnea. Four (11%) patients had thyroid disease. Other symptoms included hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, epistaxis, dysphagia, and salivary gland swelling. Although Cushing disease traditionally presents with classic "Cushingoid" systemic features, it also may present with various otolaryngic manifestations. A thorough workup by otolaryngologists is critical in the comprehensive management of these patients.

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Use of sialendoscopy as an aid to identify a large retained foreign body

Christopher J. Britt, MD; David Hyman, MD; Gregory K. Hartig, MD

Abstract

We describe the novel use of sialendoscopy in a 51-year-old man to identify a large and long-standing foreign body (wood) within the facial soft tissues that had eluded detection on previous imaging and surgical exploration. The identification of this foreign body was elusive on both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, illustrating the limitations of imaging in identifying vegetable matter within soft tissues.

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A clinicopathologic and epidemiologic study of chronic white lesions in the oral mucosa

Sampurna Ghosh, MS; Sudipta Pal, MS; Soumya Ghatak, MS; Somnath Saha, MS; Surajit Biswas, MD; Prabha Srivastava, MD

Abstract

Invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma is often preceded by the presence of clinically identifiable premalignant changes of the oral mucosa, including white lesions. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study to assess the clinicopathologic and epidemiologic aspects of chronic oral mucosal white lesions to determine the necessity of early biopsy in these cases. Our study population was made up of 77 patients-50 males and 27 females, aged 15 to 70 years (mean: 42.9)-who presented with white lesions persisting for at least 4 weeks. All but 3 patients underwent a biopsy; the 3 exceptions were diagnosed with smear-proven candidiasis. Patients with moderate or severe dysplasia underwent an excision biopsy. The buccal mucosa was the single most common site of white lesions, occurring in 15 patients (19.5%), although 21 patients (27.3%) exhibited a diffuse involvement of the oral mucosa. Of the 77 patients, 59 (76.6%) had concerning findings: premalignant lesions in 45 patients (58.4%) and malignant lesions in 14 (18.2%). Also, dysplasia was seen in 8 patients (10.4%), all of whom had premalignant lesions. Tobacco chewing (p = 0.008) and betel quid chewing (p = 0.029) were significantly associated with the development of premalignant and malignant lesions; a longer duration of tobacco chewing (≥10 yr) was significantly associated with a higher risk of malignant but not premalignant lesions (p = 0.031). Finally, illiteracy was a significant risk factor for premalignant and malignant lesions (p = 0.03). Our findings support the necessity of biopsy in every case. Early detection of oral carcinoma by biopsy of all oral white lesions would not only prevent patients from undergoing disfiguring surgery and chemoradiation, but it also would increase the 5-year survival rate.

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25 years of powered endoscopic transnasal sphenoidotomy

Dewey A. Christmas, MD; Joseph P. Mirante, MD, MBA, FACS; Eiji Yanagisawa, MD, FACS

Endoscopic transnasal sphenoidotomy requires good hemostasis in the operative field.

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Paresis podule on a paralyzed vocal fold

Karthik S. Shastri, MD; Aaron J. Jaworek, MD; Robert T. Sataloff, MD, DMA, FACS

Paresis podules are localized areas of Reinke edema that can develop on paretic or paralyzed vocal folds, or on the contralateral vocal fold.

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Modified two-handed transnasal endoscopic surgery: Innovative instrument design and an experimental canine study

Guodong Feng, MD; Zhiqiang Gao, MD; Xu Tian, MD; Yuan Zhuang, MD; Wei Lv, MD

Abstract

This study was conducted to design new instruments to solve the current issues of one-hand control and the obscuring of the endoscope by blood during transnasal endoscopic surgery. An endoscope holder and an electronically controlled irrigation-suction system were designed and manufactured. The feasibility and effectiveness of the designed instruments and operation models were verified in a model transnasal endoscopic surgery procedure performed on a mongrel dog. During the operation, one hand was used to perform the operation and move the endoscope, and the other hand was used for irrigation and suction to keep the surgical field and the endoscope clear. The combined use of an endoscope holder and an electronically controlled irrigation-suction system facilitates single-surgeon bimanual transnasal endoscopic surgery in a model surgical procedure. The clinical value of this technique warrants further research.

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Cornelia de Lange syndrome: What every otolaryngologist should know

Michael J. Eliason, MD, USN, LCDR; Jonathan M. Melzer, MD, USN, LCDR; Thomas Q. Gallagher, DO, USN, CDR

Abstract

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) can be expressed in multiple organ systems requiring a variety of specialists, including pediatric otolaryngology. We present the case of a 20-month-old boy with CdLS actively managed by an aerodigestive team consisting of pediatric otolaryngology, pediatric pulmonology, pediatric gastroenterology, with support staff from audiology, speech, and nutrition. His presentation included mixed hearing loss, dysphagia, microaspiration, gastroesophageal reflux, and failure to thrive. We submit this challenging case of CdLS with a review of the literature to focus specific attention on the otolaryngic manifestations of the syndrome and to discuss the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach to these unique patients.

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Nasal cavity tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion mimicking recurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Daniel Thomas Ginat, MD, MS; Elizabeth Blair, MD

The diagnostic imaging features of tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesions can mimic those of neoplasms.

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An incidental thyroid nodule

John P. Flynn, MD; Peter A. Morawiecki, MD; Marco A. Ayala, MD

Preoperative diagnosis of intrathyroidal parathyroid adenomas is essential to determining correct surgical management

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Manumycin A suppresses exosome biogenesis and secretion via targeted inhibition of Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and hnRNP H1 in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells

Emerging evidence links exosomes to cancer progression by the trafficking of oncogenic factors and neoplastic reprogramming of stem cells. This necessitates identification and integration of functionally validated exosome-targeting therapeutics into current cancer management regimens. We employed quantitative high throughput screen on two libraries to identify exosome-targeting drugs; a commercially available collection of 1280 pharmacologically active compounds and a collection of 3300 clinically approved compounds.

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Oncogenic role of cytomegalovirus in medulloblastoma?

Medulloblastoma is the most common solid tumor among children. Current therapeutic strategies for this malignancy include surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, these treatments are accompanied with serious side effects such as neurological complications and psychosocial problems, due to the severity of treatment on the developing nervous system. To solve this problem, novel therapeutic approaches are currently being investigated. One of them is targeting human cytomegalovirus in medulloblastoma cancer cells.

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PAD1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer cells by regulating MEK1-ERK1/2-MMP2 signaling

Peptidylargininedeiminase 1 (PAD1) catalyzes protein for citrullination, and this activity has been linked to the epidermal cornification. However, a role for PAD1 in tumorigenesis, including breast cancers has not been previously explored. Here we first showed that PAD1 is overexpressed in human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In cultured cells and xenograft mouse models, PAD1 depletion or inhibition reduced cell proliferation, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and prevented metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells.

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Up-regulation of OLR1 expression by TBC1D3 through activation of TNFα/NF-κB pathway promotes the migration of human breast cancer cells

Metastatic spread of cancer cells is the most life-threatening aspect of breast cancer and involves multiple steps including cell migration. We recently found that the TBC1D3 oncogene promotes the migration of breast cancer cells, and its interaction with CaM enhances the effects of TBC1D3. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which TBC1D3 induces the migration of cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated that TBC1D3 stimulated the expression of oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), a stimulator of cell migration, in breast cancer cells at the transcriptional level.

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Management of Retrobulbar Hematoma

Retrobulbar hemorrhage is regarded as one of the most feared conditions in otolaryngology -- its onset can be rapid and can result in irreversible blindness. While a rare occurrence, the otolaryngologist should be compulsive about recognizing this entity, as he or she may be faced with managing this condition either as a consultant, or as one of his or her personal surgical complications. Regardless, prompt recognition and swift action can prevent catastrophic visual loss. This article presents a stepwise discussion of the surgical management of retrobulbar hematoma.

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Introduction

Dear Readers,

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Coalescent Mastoiditis

Coalescent mastoiditis occurs as bone is remodeled and resorbed from pressure necrosis, inflammation, and increased osteoclastic activity in the setting of an acute otologic infection. This finding necessitates treatment with antibiotics and surgery, which typically involves pressure equalizing tube placement and mastoidectomy. Herein, we review diagnostic and treatment considerations as well as surgical technique in the management of acute coalescent mastoiditis.

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Management of Retrobulbar Hematoma

Retrobulbar hemorrhage is regarded as one of the most feared conditions in otolaryngology -- its onset can be rapid and can result in irreversible blindness. While a rare occurrence, the otolaryngologist should be compulsive about recognizing this entity, as he or she may be faced with managing this condition either as a consultant, or as one of his or her personal surgical complications. Regardless, prompt recognition and swift action can prevent catastrophic visual loss. This article presents a stepwise discussion of the surgical management of retrobulbar hematoma.

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