Updated understanding of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: from virulence factors to commensals and clonal complexes

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Updated understanding of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: from virulence factors to commensals and clonal complexes Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatosis that has multiple contributing factors including genetic, immunologic, and environmental. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has long been associated with exacerbation of AD. SA produces many virulence factors that interact with the human skin and immune system. These superantigens and toxins have been shown to contribute to adhesion, inflammation, and skin barrier destruction. Recent advances in genome sequencing techniques have led to a broadened understanding of the multiple ways SA interacts with the cutaneous environment in AD hosts. For example, temporal shifts in the microbiome, specifically in clonal complexes of SA, have been identified during AD flares and remission. Herein, we review mechanisms of interaction between the cutaneous microbiome and SA and highlight known differences in SA clonal complexes that contribute to AD pathogenesis. Detailed knowledge of the genetic strains of SA and cutaneous dysbiosis is b ecoming increasingly relevant in paving the way for microbiome-modulating and precision therapies for AD. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Prevalence of Hyperacusis and Its Relation to Health: The Busselton Healthy Ageing Study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Prevalence of Hyperacusis and Its Relation to Health: The Busselton Healthy Ageing Study Via The Laryngoscope Importance The prevalence of hyperacusis and its relationship with mental and general health is unknown in a nonclinical sample. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperacusis and its relation with hearing, general and mental health in a population-based study. Study Design Prospective population-based study. Material and Methods This study uses data from the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (BHAS). A sample of 5,107 eligible inhabitants aged 45 to 70 years completed a detailed questionnaire and a clinical assessment. A positive answer to "Do you consider yourself sensitive or intolerant to everyday sounds" was used to indicate hyperacusis. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between hearing, mental and general health factors, and hyperacusis. Results Of 5,107 participants, 775 (15.2%) reported hyperacusis. The majority of participants with hyperacusis reported an occasional effect on daily life (72.0%). Being female, older in age, having a lower income, physical or mental health difficulties, more severe hearing loss, and tinnitus were all associated with the presence of hyperacusis. Individuals who experience hearing impairment, poorer general or mental health have a higher possibility of hyperacusis having an effect on their daily life. Conclusions In this community population-based cohort study, we found a prevalence of hyperacusis of 15.2%. Individuals with hearing loss, mental health problems, and lower physical health have a higher possibility of experiencing effects on their daily life associated with their hyperacusis. Unravelling the relationship between hyperacusis hearing, general and mental health can be of major importance for a better understanding of the condition and its consequences. Level of Evidence II-2 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Surgical Treatment Strategies for Laryngeal Chondrosarcomas: A Single Institution Investigation

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Surgical Treatment Strategies for Laryngeal Chondrosarcomas: A Single Institution Investigation Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis Laryngeal chondrosarcomas are rare malignancies with a spectrum of presentations due to varying size, local extension, and biological behavior. Moreover, these neoplasms have differing effects on respiration, phonation, and deglutition. Consequently, it is valuable to assess endoscopic and transcervical treatment strategies. Study Design Retrospective case series. Methods A retrospective review was done from 2001 to 2020; 25 patients were identified with laryngeal chondrosarcomas. Their tumor pathology and treatment were analyzed. Results All 25 chondrosarcomas were in the posterior cricoid and arose in proximity to at least one cricoarytenoid joint: 23 of 25 grade I–II (low-mid), one of 25 grade II–III (mid-high), and one of 25 grade III (high). Some tumor was left in 23 of 25 to preserve cricoarytenoid-joint function. There were no known disease-specific deaths (~8-year median follow-up). Final surgical treatment in 24 of 25 was: 13 of 25 transcervical partial laryngectomy, 7 of 25 transoral-endoscopic removal, 4 of 25 total laryngectomy, and 1 of 25 observation. Conclusions In this series, unresected intercurrent disease with laryngeal chondrosarcomas was not life-threatening. Therefore, disease was typically left in the posterior cricoid region to preserve mobility of at least one cricoarytenoid joint. This philosophy employed an ultra-function-sparing conservation approach that preserved and/or restored optimal voice, airway patency and swallowing. Level of Evidence 4, Case series Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Possibility of Pseudo-Obstruction in Lacrimal Canalicular Obstruction Diagnosed with Dacryocystography

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Possibility of Pseudo-Obstruction in Lacrimal Canalicular Obstruction Diagnosed with Dacryocystography Via O.R.L. Journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its borderlands Introduction: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the treatment of choice for patients with lacrimal drainage system obstruction. Dacryocystography (DCG) is one of the most common preoperative studies and considered as a useful test demonstrating the anatomy of lacrimal drainage systems. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of DCG for canalicular obstruction and to compare surgical outcomes between true-obstruction versus pse udo-obstruction diagnosed with DCG. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 45 consecutive patients with lacrimal canalicular obstruction who had underwent endoscopic DCR with silicone tube insertion from January 2009 to December 2014 at a single tertiary hospital. A review of medical records included demographic data, preoperative symptoms and signs, results of intraoperative canalicular probing, and surgical outcomes including the postoperative symptom improvement and endoscopic finding. Results: Of 45 patients, 34 patients (75.6%) had true-canalicular obstructions and 11 patients (24.4%) had pseudo-canalicular obstructions. The success rate of endoscopic DCR was 50% (17 of 34) in cases with true-canalicular obstruction while 90.9% (10 of 11) in pseudo-canalicular obstruction (p value #x3c;0.05). No intraoperative or postoperative complications including sinusitis or synechia were found. Conclusions: About a quarter of lacri mal canalicular obstruction cases diagnosed with DCG seem to be pseudo-obstruction. The success rate of endoscopic DCR in pseudo-canalicular obstruction is similar to that of saccal and nasolacrimal ductal obstruction. ORL View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Hearing Function in Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Scoping Review for Preventive Audiology Planning

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Hearing Function in Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Scoping Review for Preventive Audiology Planning Via Otolaryngology Indian Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease which affects the joints and bones of individuals diagnosed with this condition. Little remains known about the possible impact of this disease on hearing function, particularly the possibilities of preventive audiology in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). The study aimed to review published evidence on hearing function in adults with RA. A scoping review of literature from January 2010 to August 2020 was conducted using Sage, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, ProQuest and Google Scholar. Studies published in English which reported on the audiological function in adult individuals with RA were included in the review. From 832 initial title records, 18 articles were included into the final scoping review. A qualitative analysis of the reviewed evidence revealed four themes: (1) hearing loss occurs—causality still unclear; (2) nature, degree and configuration of the hearing loss varies; (3) systematic and s tandardized assessment battery required; and (4) sensitive and specific measures for early detection needed. The occurrence of hearing loss in this population ranges between 21.3 and 66.6%, and this increased where advanced sensitive measures such as ultrahigh frequency and otoacoustic emission (OAEs) measures were included in the test battery. Many audiological tests were used in the studies in order to identify the presence and type of hearing loss in these individuals, with basic audiometry testing being the most commonly used. The most prevalent type of hearing loss was found to be a high frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), with mixed (MHL) and conductive hearing losses (CHL) being present in some of the individuals. Causal links between RA and hearing loss remains unclear. Although there are limited studies which have reported on the audiological function in the population with RA, the studies which have been reviewed seem to establish an association between RA and the presence of hearing loss. The published high prevalence of hearing loss in this population, when compared to healthy control groups raises implications for well-designed studies that utilize sensitive audiologic diagnostic measures, with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure more accurate causal links establishment between RA and hearing loss in this population. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

PET-CT Imaging, Genomic Profile, and Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader PET-CT Imaging, Genomic Profile, and Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Via JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Online First This study analyzes the association between maximum standardized uptake value on positron emission tomography–computed tomography and survival in patients with head and neck cancer who are receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis: a review of therapeutic options

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis: a review of therapeutic options Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jul 22. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06875-6. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is observed in almost 100% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF-related CRS treatment is extremely challenging because of the underlying genetic defect leading to its development. CRS in CF is often refractory to standard therapy, while recurrences after surgical treatment are inevitable in the majority of patients. This study provides a precise review of the current knowledge regarding possible therapeutic options for CF-related CRS. METHODS: The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without a time limit using the terms "cystic fibrosis" in conjunction with "otorhinolaryngological manifestation", "rhinology" and "sinusitis". RESULTS: Precise guidelines for CF-induced CRS therapy are lacking due to the lack of large cohort randomized controlled trials. None of the e xisting therapeutic agents has already been recommended for CRS in CF. Therapy targeting the underlying genetic defect, intranasal dornase alfa administration, and topical delivery of colistin and tobramycin showed promising results in CF-related CRS therapy. Besides the potential effectiveness of nasal steroids, strong recommendations for their usage in CF have not been provided yet. Systemic corticosteroid usage is controversial due to its potential negative influence on pulmonary disease. Ibuprofen revealed some positive effects on CF-related CRS in molecular and small cohort studies. Intranasal irrigation with saline solutions could relieve sinonasal symptoms. Nasal decongestants are not recommended. Endoscopic sinus surgery is the first-line surgical option for refractory CRS. Extensive surgical approaches should be considered as they could improve long-term outcomes in CRS. CONCLUSION: Further studies are warranted to establish consensus for CF-related CRS therapy. PMID:34296343 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-06875-6 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Manual Therapy with Neural Mobilization: Immediate Effect on the Vocal Quality of Women with Dysphonia

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Manual Therapy with Neural Mobilization: Immediate Effect on the Vocal Quality of Women with Dysphonia Via Journal of Voice To evaluate the immediate effect of neural mobilization on the voice quality, self-perceived phonatory effort, and laryngeal muscles of women with behavioral dysphonia. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Neuroimaging of Dizziness and Vertigo

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Neuroimaging of Dizziness and Vertigo Via Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Dizziness and vertigo are common symptoms in the primary care and emergency settings, resulting in a significant decrease in quality of life and a high cost burden to the US health care system. The etiology of these symptoms is difficult to elucidate owing to a wide range of diseases with overlapping manifestations. The broad differential diagnosis based on whether the disease process is central or peripheral is showcased. Each differential will be categorized into neoplastic, infectious or inflammatory, structural, traumatic, and iatrogenic causes. Computed tomography scans, MRI, and vascular imaging are frequently complimentary in providing diagnoses and guidance in management. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Rollercoaster of a Ride: More Effective, Efficient, and Rewarding Care for the Dizzy Patient

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Rollercoaster of a Ride: More Effective, Efficient, and Rewarding Care for the Dizzy Patient Via Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America With its broad differential diagnosis and significant impact on quality of life, dizziness is a common symptom that presents substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This issue focuses on the clinical evaluation and management of the broad range of dizziness symptoms and syndromes. A multidisciplinary and interprofessional approach is promoted, supported by diverse authorship by specialists from the fields of otolaryngology, neurology, audiology, physical therapy, neuroradiology, and internal and emergency medicine. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Intrathecal morphine injection in anterior lumbar and lateral lumbar spine surgery: technical note

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Intrathecal morphine injection in anterior lumbar and lateral lumbar spine surgery: technical note Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid J Spine Surg. 2021 Jun;7(2):204-207. doi: 10.21037/jss-20-610. ABSTRACT Intrathecal morphine (ITM) is routinely used in many surgical specialties as an adjunct to postoperative analgesia. Patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery commonly experience early postoperative pain. There have been multiple reports of the benefits of ITM in lumbar spine surgery where it has been shown to significantly reduce the need for intravenous opioid analgesia, improve time to mobilization, and shorten length of hospital stay. ITM is yet to become standard of care in Lumbar Spine Surgery likely due to concerns of it causing a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. In recent times anterior lumbar spine surgery (ALSS) and lateral lumbar spine surgery (LLSS) have increased in popularity although they are still performed in fewer numbers in comparison to the posterior [posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF)] or transformational [transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (T LIF)] approaches. Although the number of ALSS and LLSS procedures are increasing, to our knowledge there have been no reports of ITM administered via either approach reported in the literature. Herein we describe an intra-operative technique for injection of morphine into the dural sac via the Anterior and Lateral approaches to the lumbar spine. We propose that this technique can be performed easily and quickly with standard surgical equipment that is commonly available. Through use of this technique, patients undergoing spine surgery may benefit from ITM with minimal risk of iatrogenic CSF leak. PMID:34296033 | PMC:PMC8261566 | DOI:10.21037/jss-20-610 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase in breast carcinoma as a potent prognostic marker associated with proliferation

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase in breast carcinoma as a potent prognostic marker associated with proliferation Via Cellular and Molecular Biology Histol Histopathol. 2021 Jul 23:18362. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-362. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) catalyzes D-2-hydroxyglutarate to α-ketoglutarate and is involved in the regulation of cellular energy and biosynthetic intermediates. Previously, D2HGDH was reported to decrease 2-hydroxyglutarate level in breast carcinoma cells, but no other report has examined D2HGDH in breast carcinoma, and its significance remains unknown. METHODS: We first immunolocalized D2HGDH in 224 invasive breast carcinomas and evaluated its clinicopathological significance. We next examined associations between gene expression of D2HGDH and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in 23 breast carcinoma tissues using the gene expression profile data. Finally, we examined the effects of D2HGDH on the proliferation in three breast carcinoma cells. RESULTS: D2HGDH immunoreactivity was detected in 49 % of invasive breast carcinomas, and the immunohistochemical D2HGDH status was positively associated with histological grade, HER2 and Ki-67, while it was inversely associated with estrogen receptor. Moreover, it was significantly associated with worse prognosis of the breast cancer patients, and it turned out to be an independent prognostic factor for both the disease-free and breast cancer-specific survival in these patients. Gene expression profile data revealed that D2HGDH expression was positively associated with the expression of 6 α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (KDM3A, PLOD1, EGLN2, ALKBH1, ASPH and ALKBH7). Consequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that D2HGDH overexpression significantly increased the cell proliferation activity of MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that D2HGDH plays an important role in the growth of breast carcinoma, possibly through regulating functions of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, and tha t D2HGDH status is a potent worse prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. PMID:34296423 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-362 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.