Tracing the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2): A systematic review and narrative synthesis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Tracing the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2): A systematic review and narrative synthesis via Journal of Medical Virology ABSTRACT Objective To trace and understand the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through various available literatures and accessible databases. Background While the world enters the third year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the health and socio-economic impacts continue to mount, the origin and mechanisms of spill-over of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into humans, remain elusive. Methods: A systematic review of the literature is being showcased that integrated information obtained through manual searches, digital database (PubMed, CINAHL and MEDLINE) searches and searches from legitimate publications (1966-2022). Results Our systematic analysis proposes three postulated hypotheses concerning the origin of the SARS-CoV-2, which include Zoonotic origin (Z), Laboratory origin (L) and obscure origin (O). Despite the fact that the zoonotic origin for SARS-CoV- 2 has not been conclusively identified to date, our data suggest a zoonotic origin, in contrast to some alternative concepts, including the probability of a laboratory incident or leak. Conclusions Our data exhibits that Zoonotic origin (Z) has higher evidence-based support as compared to Laboratory origin (L). Importantly, based on all the studies included, we generated the forest plot with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk ratio estimates. Our analysis showed that the black diamond supports the zoonotic origin of SARS/SARS-CoV-2 in the included studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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The long term vaccine‐induced anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immune response is impaired in quantity and quality under TNFα blockade

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The long term vaccine‐induced anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immune response is impaired in quantity and quality under TNFα blockade via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Background The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (CID) declines more rapidly with TNFα inhibition. Furthermore, the efficacy of current vaccines against Omicron variants of concern (VOC) including BA.2 is limited. Alterations within immune cell populations, changes in IgG affinity and the ability to neutralise a pre-VOC strain and the BA.2 virus were investigated in these at-risk patients. Methods Serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgG avidity and neutralising antibodies (NA) were determined in anti-TNFα patients (n=10) and controls (n=24 healthy individuals; n=12 patients under other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, oDMARD) before and after the second and third vaccination by ELISA, immunoblot and live virus neutralisation assay. SARS-CoV-2-specific B- and T cell subsets were analysed by multicolour flow cytometry. Results IgG avidity and anti-pre-VOC NA titres decreased f aster in anti-TNFα recipients than in controls 6 months after the second vaccination (healthy individuals: avidity: p≤0.0001; NA: p=0.0347; oDMARDs: avidity: p=0.0012; NA: p=0.0293). Total plasma cell counts were increased in anti-TNFα patients (Healthy individuals: p=0.0344; oDMARDs: p=0.0254), whereas absolute numbers of SARS-CoV-2-specific cells were comparable 7 days after vaccination. These patients had lower BA.2 NA titres compared to both other groups, even after the third vaccination. Conclusions We show a reduced SARS-CoV-2 neutralising capacity in patients under TNFα blockade. In this cohort, the plasma cell response appears to be less specific and show stronger bystander activation. While these effects were observable after the first two vaccinations and with older VOC, the differences in responses to BA.2 were enhanced. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Prevalence of multiple human papillomavirus infections and association with cervical lesions among outpatients in Fujian, China: a cross‐sectional study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Prevalence of multiple human papillomavirus infections and association with cervical lesions among outpatients in Fujian, China: a cross‐sectional study via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common, but their impact on cervical lesions remains controversial. A total of 6225 female patients who underwent colposcopies/conization following abnormal cervical cancer screening results were included in the study. The final pathological diagnosis was determined by the most severe pathological grade among the cervical biopsy, ECC and conization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between multiple HPV infections and cervical lesions, adjusting for age, HPV genotype, gravidity and parity. In total, 33.3% (n=2076) of the study population was infected with multiple HPV genotypes. Multiple HPV infections were more prevalent in patients younger than 25 years and older than 55 years, with the rate of multiple HPV infections at 52.8% and 44.3%, respectively. HPV16\52\18\58 are the most common HPV genotypes and usually appear as a single infection. Co mpared to single HR-HPV infection, multiple HR-HPV infections do not increase the risk of HSIL+, while single HR-HPV coinfected with LR-HPV seems to reduce the risk of HSIL+ (OR=0.515, CI: 0.370-0.719, P＜0.001). Multiple HR-HPV infections cannot be risk-stratified for triage of HR-HPV-positive women. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Initiating Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA-IM) Increases Frequencies of Th17-like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Target Cells in the Genital Tract of Women in South Africa: A Randomized Trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Initiating Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA-IM) Increases Frequencies of Th17-like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Target Cells in the Genital Tract of Women in South Africa: A Randomized Trial via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract BackgroundCervicovaginal CD4+ T cells are preferential targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and have consequently been used as a proxy measure for HIV susceptibility. The ECHO randomized trial offered a unique opportunity to consider the association between contraceptives and Th17-like cells within a trial designed to evaluate HIV risk. In a mucosal substudy of the ECHO trial, we compared the impact of initiating intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), copper-IUD, and the levonorgestrel (LNG) implant on cervical T cells. Methods Cervical cytobrushes from 58 women enrolled in the ECHO trial were collected at baseline and 1 month after contraceptive initiation. We phenotyped cervical T cells using multiparameter flow cytometry, characterized the vaginal microbiome using 16s sequencing, and determined proteomic signatures associated with Th17-like cells using mass spectrometry. Results Unlike the LNG implant or copper-IUD, DMPA-IM was as sociated with higher frequencies of cervical Th17-like cells within 1 month of initiation (P = .012), including a highly susceptible, activated population co-expressing CD38, CCR5, and α4β7 (P = .003). After 1 month, women using DMPA-IM also had more Th17-like cells than women using the Cu-IUD (P = .0002) or LNG implant (P = .04). Importantly, in women using DMPA-IM, proteomic signatures signifying enhanced mucosal barrier function were associated with the increased abundance of Th17-like cells. We also found that a non–Lactobacillus-dominant microbiome at baseline was associated with more Th17-like cells post–DMPA-IM (P = .03), although this did not influence barrier function. Conclusions Our data suggest that D MPA-IM–driven accumulation of HIV-susceptible Th17-like cells might be counteracted by their role in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity. View on Web

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Review of guidance for the selection of regenerative endodontics, apexogenesis, apexification, pulpotomy, and other endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Review of guidance for the selection of regenerative endodontics, apexogenesis, apexification, pulpotomy, and other endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth via International Endodontic Journal Abstract This review guidance is a work in progress because the limitations of regenerative endodontics are still being discovered. The endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth with a necrotic pulp can vary considerably among endodontic practitioners. Whereas, Regenerative endodontic treatments are growing in popularity and are creating ever more complex treatment protocols, involving revascularization and/or autologous platelet-rich plasma and scaffolds to elicit host stem cell de novo tissue formation to res-establish the vitality of immature teeth for the purpose of continuing root maturation. Despite much evolving controversy about their potential benefits, risks, prognosis, and contraindications. This review is aimed to discuss how to ensure that regenerative endodontic treatments are successful, by strictly adhering to case selection criteria, and following precise steps to accomplish and monitor the success of the treatment. A review of the endodontic literature was performed, together with practical observations of the problems and outcomes of performing regenerative endodontic treatments. Traditionally, apexification has long been the treatment of choice provided to immature teeth with a necrotic pulp. Regenerative endodontics may be provided as an alternative to apexification, if the tooth and patient meets all the case selection criteria, and if there are no contraindications. Regenerative endodontics has the unique potential advantage of being able to continue the root development in immature permanent teeth, thereby potentially saving the teeth for the lifetime of the patient. Whereas, conventional endodontic root canal treatment, Cvek partial pulpotomy, apexogenesis, and apexification, should always be provided when these treatments are more likely to benefit the patient because they can be more successful than regenerative endodontics. View on Web

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SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune intravenous human immunoglobulins neutralizes Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3 and BA.4/BA.5 for treatment of COVID-19

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune intravenous human immunoglobulins neutralizes Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3 and BA.4/BA.5 for treatment of COVID-19 via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access ABSTRACT Our study demonstrates that neither 2020-convalescent plasma (CP) nor 2019/2020-immunoglobulin (IVIG) neutralize Omicron subvariants BA.1 to BA.5. In contrast, hyperimmune 2020-hCoV-2IG lots neutralized Omicron VOCs, similar to 2022-CP from BA.1 breakthrough infections. Therefore, high-titer hCoV-2IG and CP could be evaluated for treatment of high-risk individuals infected with circulating Omicron subvariants. View on Web

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Two cases of oral steroid and local tacrolimus combination therapy for oral lichen planus ineffective with local steroid therapy

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Two cases of oral steroid and local tacrolimus combination therapy for oral lichen planus ineffective with local steroid therapy via ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology Publication date: Available online 5 August 2022 Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology Author(s): Yusuke Aoki, Masaki Minabe, Junichiro Inada, Yurie Akiyama, Kazuhiko Hashimoto, Michiyoshi Kouno, Shinichi Takahashi, Takeshi Nomura View on Web

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Leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue for high‐dose methotrexate: A review

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue for high‐dose methotrexate: A review via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Leucovorin rescue is a cornerstone for toxicity prevention in high dose methotrexate treatment. Leucovorin rescue protocols differ greatly across tumor types and medical institutions. Leucovorin rescue protocols were reviewed for patients with ALL, lymphomas, and osteosarcoma. Abstract High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is active against various malignancies; it possesses serious toxicities and is associated with patient characteristics, dosage regimens, comedications, and physiological status. There are many strategies to overcome HDMTX-induced toxicities, such as hydration, alkalization, leucovorin rescue, and haemodialysis. Leucovorin rescue is a cornerstone for toxicity prevention in HDMTX treatment. However, the leucovorin dose adjustment and the existence of leucovorin overrescue are still controversial. At present, various methods for calculating leucovorin doses in different tumour types have been proposed, including empirical calculations based on MTX plasma concentration, the Bleyer nomogram, and other methods. Nonetheless, leucovorin rescue protocols differ greatly across tumour types and medical institutions. Further studies are needed to investigate the optimal dosage regimen for leucovorin rescue in various tumours using HDMTX. View on Web

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International variations in hepatic tumours incidence in children and adolescents

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader International variations in hepatic tumours incidence in children and adolescents via Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - current issue In order to compare the subtype distribution of hepatic tumours in children and adolescents between Japan and other countries, we extracted information on cancer incidence in children and adolescents from the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer series (IICC-3) (1). The IICC-3 reports the number or incidence rates of cancers diagnosed in childhood and adolescence from cancer registries (regional or national) worldwide. We analyzed hepatic tumour incidence in four countries in Asia (Japan, China, the Republic of Korea and Thailand), two countries in Africa (Egypt and Uganda), four countries in the Americas (North: The USA and Canada, Latin and Caribbean: Brazil and Colombia), three countries in Europe (the UK, France and Germany) and two countries in Oceania (Australia and New Zealand). Information from the Republic of Korea, USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand were obtained at the national level and those from the other countries were extracted from one or multiple regional cancer registries. The years of incidence included in the analyses varied from country to country, ranging from 1990 to 2014, with the shortest being 12 years (Egypt: 1999–2010, UK: 2000–11) and the longest being 24 years (Japan and China, both: 1990–2013). In this study, we compared the incidence and proportional distribution of hepatic tumour subtype in children (0–14 years old) and adolescents (15–19 years old) between these countries. View on Web

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Angiotensin II-induced miR-31-5p upregulation promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Angiotensin II-induced miR-31-5p upregulation promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via ScienceDirect Publication: Experimental Cell Research Publication date: Available online 5 August 2022 Source: Experimental Cell Research Author(s): Bing Zhou, Nan Wu, Yuan Yan, Lu-Lu Wu, Guo-Qing Zhu, Xiao-Qing Xiong View on Web

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