Phonation Threshold Pressure Revisited: Effects of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activation

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Phonation Threshold Pressure Revisited: Effects of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activation Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis Phonation threshold pressure (P th) is the minimum subglottic pressure required to reach phonation onset and is considered a marker for vocal efficiency and health. We investigated the effects of intrinsic laryngeal muscle (ILM) activation on P th. Study Design In vivo animal study. Methods In an in vivo canine phonation model, laryngeal adductor muscles were activated together by stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) and individually via stimulation of respective terminal nerve branches. Cricothyroid (CT) muscles were activated via stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerves. ILMs were activated in a graded manner at various combinations as transglottal airflow was gradually increased. Aerodynamic and glottal posture parameters were measured at phonation onset. Results Graded RLN stimulation decreased glottal distance and increased P th. Thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle activation alone increased P th. Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle activation alone had minimal effects. However, graded TA activation as a function of LCA activation level revealed a synergistic relationship between the two muscles in increasing P th. Effects of CT activation were dependent on adductor stimulation level: CT activation increased P th at low RLN stimulation levels and decreased P th at high RLN levels. Conclusions The effects of ILM activation on P th were consistent with their expected effects on vocal fold stiffness and tension. TA was the primary adductor controlling P th. While LCA alone had minimal effects on P th, it enhanced the role of TA in controlling P th. TA and CT have antagonistic roles in controlling P th. These relationships should be considered in clinical efforts to improve ease of phonation and vocal efficiency. Level of Evidence N/A, basic science Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Applied anatomy of the medial orbital wall

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Applied anatomy of the medial orbital wall Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):119-123. doi: 10.17116/otorino202186051119. ABSTRACT The article provides an overview of foreign and domestic studies on the anatomy of the medial wall of the orbit. Possible structural variants of the osseus structures of the medial wall and their applied clinical significance are indicated, including those having individual occurrence: additional lacrimal bone, morphological features of the structure of the fossa of the lacrimal sac, location, shape and size of the cells of the ethmoid bone, Onody cells, Haller infraorbital cell, the relative position of the anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina, the presence of additional ethmoid foramina, dysgenesis of the lacrimal bone and the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone. The anatomical prerequisites for the occurrence of intraoperative complications with surgical access to the medial wall of the orbit are described. PMID:34783485 | DOI:10.17116/otorino202186051119 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Hearing function in children after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Hearing function in children after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):28-34. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218605128. ABSTRACT The information about hearing status of patients who have had a COVID-19 is scattered. There are no studies among children population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hearing function in children after coronavirus infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 87 children aged from 5 months to 17 years who have had a new coronavirus infection were examined in three cities of Russia (St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Surgut). Audiologic examination depended on the age and included: otoscopy, TEOAE and DPOAE, ABR, impedansometry, pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry in quiet and noise. Fisher, LittlEARS and PEACH questionnaires were used as well. An evaluation of central auditory processing was performed in case of indications. RESULTS: In 80 children (92%) otoscopy didn't revealed any problems. All children had type A tympanogram. Acoustic reflex was registe red in 49 children (56%), wasn't registered on 1-2 frequencies in 27 (31%) children, was registered on only 1 frequency or wasn't registered at all in 11 (13%) children. OAE was present in 83 (95%) children. Audiometric thresholds in all children were within a normal range. Speech intelligibility in quiet and noise in most cases was normal. 7 children with poor speech intelligibility or low Fisher questionnaire results got an extended examination. Binaural fusion speech test, dichotic test, RuMatrix test, gap detection test data showed no signs of central auditory processing disorders. CONCLUSION: There are no cases of hearing loss or central auditory processing disorders were found in children after new coronavirus infection. Due to variety of symptoms and long-term consequences of COVID-19 further hearing examination is required in this group of patients. PMID:34783470 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218605128 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A case of obliteration of a round window in otosclerosis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A case of obliteration of a round window in otosclerosis Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):75-81. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218605175. ABSTRACT The article presents a brief review of the literature on the anatomy and physiology of the round window (RW) niche, the causes of occlusion, the diagnosis of this pathology, the features of auditory disorders and tactics when it is detected in patients with otosclerosis (OS). A clinical case of diagnosis and effective surgical treatment for obliteration of RW in a patient with advanced OS, which occurred in 2019 in 0.7% of cases, is described. Removal of RW niche obliteration was carried out with a curette and microcresis by smoothing the canopy over RW until partial visualization of the secondary membrane. It was this stage of the operation that made it possible to restore the normal hydrodynamics of the inner ear fluids and contributed to a functional result. Thus, the diagnosis of RW obliteration in patients with OS is difficult, but possible when us ing computed tomography of the temporal bones and assessing the mobility of the RW membrane or analyzing changes in hearing at the end of the operation, if it is performed under local anesthesia. The simultaneous performance of stapedoplasty and the removal of bone obliteration of RW makes it possible to safely achieve functional rehabilitation in patients with OS. PMID:34783478 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218605175 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The significance of microanatomy of the round window in terms of cochlear implantation

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The significance of microanatomy of the round window in terms of cochlear implantation Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):42-47. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218605142. ABSTRACT Sensoneural hearing loss is a polyetiological disease, which is often a secondary reflection of systemic pathology and is associated with damage of the cochlea and auditory nerve receptors. An important point in the surgical stage of cochlear implantation is the introduction of an implant active electrode into the cochleostomy spiral channel through the cochleostoma or round window. However, the issue of intra-cochlear structures surgical trauma in such surgical intervention seems to be very important, as it may reduce the success of subsequent rehabilitation. Therefore, the study of the anatomy of the round window and adjuscent areas was the objective of this work. PMID:34783472 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218605142 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Combination of CT and MRT in the diagnostic of middle ear cholesteatoma. Fusion technology is precise localization tool

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Combination of CT and MRT in the diagnostic of middle ear cholesteatoma. Fusion technology is precise localization tool Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):90-96. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218605190. ABSTRACT Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods of the middle ear cholesteatoma diagnostic have its advantages and disadvantages. Fusion technology is a post-processing process of CT and MRI images. Its main advantage is the localization of MR-hyperintensive cholesteatoma within the bony anatomical structures obtained on CT, which provides the surgeon with important information both before planning the primary surgical intervention and during a second revision for recurrent cholesteatoma. PMID:34783480 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218605190 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Improving of the nasal cavity mucous membrane restoration efficiency of the after rhinosurgical interventions

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Improving of the nasal cavity mucous membrane restoration efficiency of the after rhinosurgical interventions Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):63-69. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218605163. ABSTRACT The article discusses aspects of the use of irrigation therapy after surgical interventions on intranasal structures, in particular, the features of using the Aqua Maris Leyka device in comparison with traditional methods of nasal cavity care in this group of patients. The use of the Adriatic Sea salt solution for nasal lavage Aqua Maris using a special device in the postoperative period leads to an earlier subsidence of reactive postoperative changes in the nasal cavity, a decrease in edema, an increase of reparative processes. This is evidenced by the dynamics of clinical signs and the results of cytological examination of smears-prints from the nasal cavity. During the irrigation of the nasal cavity using the Aqua Maris Leyka device, the liquid is supplied by gravity, without additional pressure, ensuring safety and uniform irrigation of all parts of the nasal cavity with saline solution, which is especially important in the presence of reactive changes in the postoperative period. PMID:34783476 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218605163 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Herpangina. Clinical case

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Herpangina. Clinical case Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):97-102. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218605197. ABSTRACT Enterovirus infections are a group of acute infectious diseases caused by enteroviruses (including Coxsackie A and B viruses, ECHO viruses), which clinically present symptoms of damage to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, muscular system, mucous membranes and skin, fever. This article presents a clinical case of patient L., 12 years old, who admitted to an otorhinolaryngologist with clinical manifestations of herpangina. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR. The patient was prescribed, adequate rehydration, diet with the exclusion of salty, spicy and fried foods, restriction of physical activity, exclusion of thermal procedures, Benzydamine Spray (Oralsept) 0.255 mg/dose, 6 doses 3 times/day, topically, on demand and inosine pranobex (Groprinosin) in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight: 1 tablet 500 mg 4 times a day for 7 days (at the rate of 1 tablet of 500 mg per 10 kg of body weight; for a patient weighing 41 kg - 4 tablets per day). On the 10th day from the onset of the disease, the docter noted a complete regression of clinical symptoms and the patient was discharged with recovery. PMID:34783481 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218605197 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Medicinal products in the treatment and prevention of occupational diseases of the upper respiratory tract

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Medicinal products in the treatment and prevention of occupational diseases of the upper respiratory tract Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):109-113. doi: 10.17116/otorino202186051109. ABSTRACT Occupational diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT) represent a significant section of occupational pathology of the respiratory system, since the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is the outpost that first comes into contact with inhaled agents (pollutants), including professional aerosols. The pathogenesis of occupational diseases of URT is based on long-term contact of pollutants with cells of the scintillating epithelium and violation of the function of the mucociliary system of URT. Occupational diseases of URT include: chronic catarrhal, subatrophic, atrophic, hypertrophic rhinitis, rhinopharyngolaryngitis; all forms of laryngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, allergic diseases. Treatment and prevention of these diseases should be comprehensive with the use of personal respiratory protection equipment, mandatory prev entive examinations and various local effects (inhalation, instillation, lavage, herbal medicine, etc.). PMID:34783483 | DOI:10.17116/otorino202186051109 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Objective parameters of auditory function in premature infants in the first year of life after taking ototoxic antibiotics

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Objective parameters of auditory function in premature infants in the first year of life after taking ototoxic antibiotics Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(5):12-16. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218605112. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare the condition of auditory function during the first year of life according to the registration of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and short-latency evoked potentials (SLEP) in premature infants who received ototoxic antibiotics to those ones, who did not. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Auditory function was examined in 145 premature infants. Auditory assessment was carried out by registration of DPOAEs, SLEPs and tympanometry. Statistical processing was performed using the program Statgraphics Centurion XV. RESULTS: In this study, according to DPOAE, the average response values of the cochlea in premature infants who had a history of ototoxic therapy, undergo final changes after children reach the age of 6 months. The study of latent periods and threshold values of the V peak of SLEP showed a delay in the maturat ion process of the perceiving and conducting auditory structures during the first year of life in children who received ototoxic antibiotics in the first month of life. CONCLUSION: We evaluated the timing of the completion of response changes in children of the control group using the DPOAE and SLEP registration data. In children of the study group, we evaluated the effect of the administered ototoxic antibiotics. Timing of audiological control of the hearing organ condition are demonstrated for premature children after ototoxicosis, required methods of its examination are established. PMID:34783467 | DOI:10.17 116/otorino20218605112 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Assessing patient frailty in plastic surgery: A systematic review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Assessing patient frailty in plastic surgery: A systematic review Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Oct 22:S1748-6815(21)00491-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.055. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: With the increase in the aging population, the level of frailty has become an important metric for assessing preoperative patient risk. Although medical and surgical specialties continue to adopt and standardize the use of frailty instruments, few studies within the plastic surgery literature have utilized such instruments to predict poor postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this article is two-fold: (1) to provide a comprehensive review of the existing frailty instruments and (2) to summarise the existing evidence regarding the role of pre-operative frailty assessments on peri‑operative morbidity and mortality in plastic surgery. METHODS: This systematic review was registered a priori on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/vfzw8). A computerized database search of Ovid MEDLINE, EM BASE, and Cochrane was performed from database inception to December 13, 2020. All articles that examined the effect of preoperative patient frailty on perioperative morbidity and mortality outcomes following plastic surgery interventions were included for data extraction. RESULTS: From the 11 studies included in this review, ten unique frailty instruments were identified. The modified Frailty Index (mFI) and the Fried Frailty Index (FFI) were the most commonly reported frailty measurement tools; however, the FRAIL scale was the only outcome measure identified to be valid, reliable, and responsive to change. Regardless of the frailty measure used, nearly all studies reported that worse surgical outcomes were associated with a higher patient frailty score. CONCLUSION: There is a strong association between higher frailty scores and worse postoperative outcomes in plastic surgery. The FRAIL scale is a clinimetrically sound frailty instrument that should be used in all patie nts to assess perioperative risk in plastic surgery. PMID:34785160 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.055 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.