Intestinal Barrier Biomarker ZO1 and Endotoxin Are Increased in Blood of Patients With COVID-19-associated Pneumonia

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Intestinal Barrier Biomarker ZO1 and Endotoxin Are Increased in Blood of Patients With COVID-19-associated Pneumonia Via In vivo (Athens, Greece) In Vivo. 2021 Jul-Aug;35(4):2483-2488. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12528. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND/AIM: The present study was undertaken to investigate (i) whether hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia present intestinal barrier dysfunction with consequent translocation of endotoxin into the systemic circulation and (ii) whether intestinal barrier biomarkers have any prognostic role in terms of progression to severe respiratory failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 22 patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia and 19 patients with non-COVID-19-related community-acquired pneumonia (CAP group) were studied while 12 healthy persons comprised the control group. Blood samples were collected on admission and analysed for serum levels of endotoxin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO1). Clinical courses regarding progression to severe respiratory failure (SRF) requiring mechanical ventilation were recorded. RESULTS: Patient s with COVID-19-associated pneumonia and patients with CAP presented significantly higher serum endotoxin and ZO1 concentrations on admission as compared to healthy controls. There was no difference in endotoxin levels between patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia and patients with CAP. In patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia, serum endotoxin concentrations were positively correlated with C-reactive protein and ferritin values. There were no significant differences in serum endotoxin and ZO1 concentrations between patients with severe and not severe COVID-19-related pneumonia, nor between patients who developed SRF and those who did not Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia present intestinal barrier dysfunction leading to systemic endotoxemia. Admission values of endotoxin and ZO1 do not have any prognostic role for progression to SRF. PMID:34182534 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12528 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Relevance of Circulating Nucleosomes, HMGB1 and sRAGE for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Relevance of Circulating Nucleosomes, HMGB1 and sRAGE for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Via In vivo (Athens, Greece) In Vivo. 2021 Jul-Aug;35(4):2207-2212. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12492. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND/AIM: Evasion from cell death occurs in prostate cancer (PCa). We verified whether serum levels of cell death markers can have diagnostic value in PCa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 233 men scheduled for prostate biopsy [prostate specific antigen (PSA) level: 2-10 ng/ml] were enrolled. Serum nucleosomes, nucleosomes containing the H3 histone (H3), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS: There were no differences (p>0.05) in nucleosomes, H3, and sRAGE levels between patients with and without PCa or clinically significant PCa (csPCa). HMGB1 had lower levels in PCa patients (p=0.023) and was a predictor of PCa (p=0.047), but not of csPCa (p=0.180). CONCLUSION: In patients with critical PSA levels between 2-10 ng/ml, HMGB1 had some diagnostic value for overall PCa detection, but it was not predictive of csPCa. Nucleosomes, H3 and sRAGE did not discriminate between PCa or csPCa and controls. PMID:34182498 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12492 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Feasibility and Oncological Safety of Axillary Reverse Mapping in Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer and Partial Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Feasibility and Oncological Safety of Axillary Reverse Mapping in Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer and Partial Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Via In vivo (Athens, Greece) In Vivo. 2021 Jul-Aug;35(4):2489-2494. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12529. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND/AIM: Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) aims to identify and preserve arm drainage in order to prevent lymphedema following axillary lymph node dissection. Oncological-safety and feasibility are still debated, especially in patients with locally-advanced breast cancer (LABC). We report the first case of the AXMAP 1.0 study performed in our Institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 52-year-old patient with a triple-negative LABC and partial response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent axillary lymph-node dissection using fluorescence ARM. RESULTS: Two lymph-nodes draining the ipsilateral upper arm were identified and were not preserved due to suspicion of malignancy. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of malignancy in both lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: Further studies should be designed in order to validate the oncological safety of this technique, especially in patients with LABC requiring neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PMID:34182535 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12529 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Oridonin Attenuates the Effects of Chronic Alcohol Consumption Inducing Oxidative, Glycative and Inflammatory Injury in the Mouse Liver

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Oridonin Attenuates the Effects of Chronic Alcohol Consumption Inducing Oxidative, Glycative and Inflammatory Injury in the Mouse Liver Via In vivo (Athens, Greece) In Vivo. 2021 Jul-Aug;35(4):2141-2149. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12484. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND/AIM: Oridonin (Ori) is a diterpenoid naturally present in medicinal plants with a potential as an antioxidant agent. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatic anti-oxidative, anti-glycative and anti-inflammatory properties of Ori at 0.125 and 0.25% against chronic ethanol intake in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were divided into five groups: i) normal diet group, ii) Ori group, iii) ethanol diet (Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with ethanol) group, iv) ethanol diet plus 0.125% Ori and v) ethanol diet plus 0.25% Ori. After 8 weeks of Ori supplementation, blood and liver tissue were used for analyses. RESULTS: Ethanol increased the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, decreased glutathione content, and lowered the activity of glutathione peroxide, glutathione reductase and catalase. Ethanol suppressed the hepatic mRNA expre ssion of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. Ori supplements reversed these changes. Ethanol increased hepatic Ne-(carboxyethymethyl)-lysine (CML) and pentosidine levels, and enhanced aldose reductase (AR) activity and mRNA expression. Ori supplements at only 0.25% decreased CML and pentosidine levels, and lowered the AR activity as well as its mRNA expression. Ethanol increased the hepatic release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta1, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6. Histological data showed that ethanol induced necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, while Ori supplements alleviated these inflammatory responses. Ethanol up-regulated the hepatic mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa B, myeloperoxidase and p38. Ori supplements reversed these changes. CONCLUSIONS: These novel findings suggest that Ori could be used as a potent agent against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID:34182490 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12484 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Clinical Outcome After Replacement of Distal Femur/Proximal Tibia in a Heterogeneous Patient Cohort: Function Following Tumour, Trauma, and Loosening

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical Outcome After Replacement of Distal Femur/Proximal Tibia in a Heterogeneous Patient Cohort: Function Following Tumour, Trauma, and Loosening Via In vivo (Athens, Greece) In Vivo. 2021 Jul-Aug;35(4):2275-2281. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12500. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Distal femur and proximal tibia replacements as limb-salvage procedures with good outcome parameters for patients with tumours have been broadly described. However, the overall midterm outcome in a mixed, heterogeneous patient collective is still unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 59 consecutive patients (33 for primary and 26 for revision surgery) between 1998 and 2017. Indication for implantation was tumour (n=16), periprosthetic fracture (n=14), traumatic fracture (n=14), infection (n=10), aseptic loosening (n=3), and pathological fracture (n=2). The mean follow-up duration was 3 years. Clinical functions were evaluated by Toronto Extremity Salvage Score and Knee Society Score. Knee extension and flexion force were measured. RESULTS: The overall survival rate of arthroplasties was 59% (n=35). Major complication s were observed in 36 (61%) patients. During the follow-up period, 14 (24%) patients died. We recorded periprosthetic joint infection in 21 (36%) patients, recurrence of tumour in two (3%), and aseptic implant failure in three (5%). The mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score was 66±33, and the mean Knee Society Score was 49±30. The mean extension force on the operated side was significantly reduced at 60° and 180° compared to the healthy side (p=0.0151 and p=0.0411, respectively). CONCLUSION: Distal femur and proximal tibia replacements showed limited clinical function in a heterogeneous patient collective. Indication for implantation should be considered carefully. PMID:34182506 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12500 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Prognostic significance of human papillomavirus status and treatment modality in hypopharyngeal cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Prognostic significance of human papillomavirus status and treatment modality in hypopharyngeal cancer Via Head & Neck Abstract Background Management of hypopharynx cancer is often extrapolated from larynx cancer. This report analyses treatment patterns and survival limited to hypopharynx cancer using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods There are 9314 patients diagnosed with hypopharynx cancer between 2004 and 2016. The association between treatment modality and survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox regression. Results Five-year overall survival ranged from 45% for stage I to 21% for stage IVB. Treatment modality did not influence survival in stage I/II. For stage III/IV, chemoradiation and surgery + adjuvant therapy were equivalent. Surgery yielded improved survival for T4 disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tumors were present in 21% and were associated with improved hazard ratio of death (0.60, p = <0.0001). Conclusions Survival is superior for T4 hypopharynx cancer managed with surgery, while treatment modality does not impact outcomes for other T-stages. HPV-positive tumors are associated with improved survival regardless of treatment. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Endonasal access to lower cranial nerves: From foramina to upper parapharyngeal space

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Endonasal access to lower cranial nerves: From foramina to upper parapharyngeal space Via Head & Neck Abstract Lesions arising from the upper parapharyngeal space (UPPS) often involved the jugular foramen region (JFR), occasionally extending into the posterior cranial fossa. This study aims to investigate the surgical anatomy of the JFR and UPPS from the perspective of an expanded endoscopic approach (EEA), tracing the lower cranial nerves from their extracranial foramina to the UPPS. Six cadaveric specimens (12 sides) underwent a transpterygoid EEA to expose the JFR and UPPS. Distances from the medial pterygoid plate (MPP) to the internal carotid artery (ICA), hypoglossal canal (HC), and jugular tubercle (JT) were measured on anonymized Computed tomography angiography images previously obtained from 30 patients with pulsatile tinnitus. Full access to the JFR, and its medial, superior, and anterior aspects, could be adequately achieved via an EEA. Upon exiting the jugular foramen, the glossopharyngeal nerve courses posterior to the ICA, traveling inferiorly into the UPPS between ICA and IJ V. The vagus nerve is in close proximity to the hypoglossal nerve traveling posterior to the ICA. The accessory nerve courses lateral to the vagus nerve, running posterior to the IJV. The minimal distances from the MPP to ICA, HC, and JT were 2.52 ± 0.34, 2.86 ± 0.36, and 3.18 ± 0.33 cm, respectively. This anatomical study strongly suggests the feasibility of using an EEA to access to the medial, superior, and anterior aspects of the jugular foramen and the adjacent UPPS. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Outcomes of primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Outcomes of primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review Via Head & Neck Abstract Background Surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy is the accepted standard for treatment of advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC); however, alternative evidence suggests that definitive (chemo)radiotherapy may have similar outcomes. Methods Systematic review was performed to assess the therapeutic value of radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy as a primary modality for treating OCSCC. Meta-analysis of outcomes was performed between articles comparing radiotherapy and primary surgical treatment. Results Meta-analysis showed less favorable results of radiotherapy compared to surgery: overall survival at 3-years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34–0.77) and 5-years (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.29–0.60); disease-specific survival at 3-years (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32–0.96) and 5-years (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32–0.96). Odds of feeding tube dependency were higher in primary radiotherapy group (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.27–5.64). Conclusions Results of this study support the current perspective favoring primary surgical treatment for OCSCC in the absence of surgical contraindications. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Evaluation of Triclosan-induced reproductive impairments in the accessory reproductive organs and sperm indices in the mice

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Evaluation of Triclosan-induced reproductive impairments in the accessory reproductive organs and sperm indices in the mice Via histochem Acta Histochem. 2021 Jun 21;123(5):151744. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151744. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Highly effective antimicrobial properties of triclosan (TCS) make its use as a widely used preservative in different types of consumer products. TCS is reported as an emerging endocrine disruptor causing reproductive impairments in the males as well as in the females. The present study describes the adverse effects of various doses of TCS (40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg B W/day, for 42 consecutive days) on the weights and histopathology of the epididymis and seminal vesicle, sperm indices (motility, viability, count and morphology), concentrations of epididymal sialic acid and seminal vesicular fructose, along with TCS accumulated in these accessory reproductive organs of the laboratory mouse. TCS induced significant reductions in the weights of the epididymis and seminal vesicle along with noticeable histopathological alterations in these organs. TCS caused significant reductions in the count, percentage of motile and viable spermatozoa while a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa in the epididymis. Concentrations of epididymal sialic acid and seminal vesicular fructose declined significantly in the treated mice. A significant increase was noticed in the concentration of TCS, accumulated in the epididymis and seminal vesicle following TCS exposure at a high dose (320 mg/kg BW/day). The results thus suggest that the accessor y sex organs are also affected deleteriously following TCS exposure, leading to impairment in the male reproductive health. PMID:34166923 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151744 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Modulating Thyroid Hormone Levels in Adult Mice: Impact on Behavior and Compensatory Brain Changes

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Modulating Thyroid Hormone Levels in Adult Mice: Impact on Behavior and Compensatory Brain Changes Via Journal of Thyroid Research Thyroid hormone (TH) perturbation is a common medical problem. Because of substantial public health impact, prior researchers have studied hyper- and hypothyroidism in animal models. Although most prior research focused on in utero and/or developmental effects, changes in circulating TH levels are commonly seen in elderly individuals: approximately 20% of persons older than 80 years have clinically impactful hypothyroidism and up to 5% have clinical hyperthyroidism, with women being more often affected than men. TH disease model methodology in mice have varied but usually focus on a single sex, and the impact(s) of TH perturbation on the adult brain are not well understood. We administered thyroxine to middle-aged (13 to 14 months) male and female mice to model hyperthyroidism and TH-lowering dru gs propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole, to induce hypothyroidism. These pharmacological agents are used commonly in adult humans. Circulating TH-level changes were observed when thyroxine was dosed at 20 µg/mL in drinking water for two weeks. By contrast, PTU and methimazole did not elicit a consistent reproducible effect until two months of treatment. No substantial changes in TH levels were detected in brain tissues of treated animals; however, pronounced changes in gene expression, specifically for TH-processing transcripts, were observed following the treatment with thyroxine. Our study indicated a robust compensatory mechanism by which the brain tissue/cells minimize the TH fluctuation in CNS by altering gene expression. Neurobehavioral changes were related to the TH perturbation and suggested potential associations between cognitive status and hyper- and hypothyroidism. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Systemic bevacizumab as adjuvant therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children: A series of three pediatric cases and literature review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Systemic bevacizumab as adjuvant therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children: A series of three pediatric cases and literature review Via American Journal of Otolaryngology Publication date: September–October 2021 Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology, Volume 42, Issue 5 Author(s): Ortiz H. Enrique, Sanchez H. Eloy, Trujillo P. Adrian, Villamor Perla View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.