Netrin-1 promotes glioma growth by activating NF-κB via UNC5A.

Netrin-1 promotes glioma growth by activating NF-κB via UNC5A.

Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 14;7(1):5454

Authors: Chen JY, He XX, Ma C, Wu XM, Wan XL, Xing ZK, Pei QQ, Dong XP, Liu DX, Xiong WC, Zhu XJ

Abstract
Gliomas, a common type of brain tumor, are characterized by aggressive infiltration, making it difficultly to cure by surgery. Netrin-1, an extracellular guidance cue critical for neuronal axon path-finding, has been reported to play an important role in cell invasion and migration in several types of cancers. However, the role of netrin-1 in glioma remains largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence suggested that Netrin-1 has a critical role in glioma growth. We found that netrin-1 was significantly increased in glioma samples and positively correlated with cell proliferation, tumor grade and malignancy. Netrin-1 knockdown reduced cell proliferation and attenuated tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Further studies found that netrin-1 induced NF-κB p65(ser536) phosphorylation and c-Myc expression in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, activation of NF-κB by netrin-1 was dependent on UNC5A receptor, because suppression of UNC5A significantly inhibited NF-κB p65(ser536) phosphorylation, c-Myc up-regulation and reduced cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggested netrin-1 promotes glioma cell proliferation by activating NF-κB signaling via UNC5A, netrin-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.

PMID: 28710382 [PubMed - in process]

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Dietary fiber intake and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium.

Dietary fiber intake and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium.

Int J Cancer. 2017 Jul 14;:

Authors: Kawakita D, Amy Lee YC, Turati F, Parpinel M, Decarli A, Serraino D, Matsuo K, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Winn DM, Moysich K, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Levi F, Kelsey K, McClean M, Bosetti C, Garavello W, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Chuang SC, Hashibe M, Ferraroni M, La Vecchia C, Edefonti V

Abstract
The possible role of dietary fiber in the etiology of head and neck cancers (HNCs) is unclear. We used individual-level pooled data from 10 case-control studies (5959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, to examine the association between fiber intake and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Odds Ratios (ORs) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression applied to quintile categories of non-alcohol energy-adjusted fiber intake and adjusted for tobacco and alcohol use and other known or putative confounders. Fiber intake was inversely associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer combined (OR for 5th vs. 1st quintile category = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59; p for trend <0.001) and with laryngeal cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54-0.82, p for trend <0.001). There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of the estimated effect across studies for oral and pharyngeal cancer combined. Nonetheless, inverse associations were consistently observed for the subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancers and within most strata of the considered covariates, for both cancer sites. Our findings from a multicenter large-scale pooled analysis suggest that, although in the presence of between-study heterogeneity, a greater intake of fiber may lower HNC risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28710831 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Surgical treatment associated with improved survival in patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma.

Surgical treatment associated with improved survival in patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017 Jul 14;:

Authors: Trofymenko O, Curiel-Lewandrowski C

Abstract
Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare aggressive vasoformative neoplasm of the skin with a poor prognosis.(1) The neoplasm preferentially involves areas of head and neck and usually diagnosed in advanced stage.(1, 2) The neoplasm accounts for only 2% of soft-tissue sarcomas in the U.S. and most often affects elderly white males, patients treated with radiation, and individuals with certain chronic lymphatic disorders.(3) Surgery with or without adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiation therapy (RT) is considered the mainstay of therapy.(1, 3) Due to low incidence rates, the clinical outcomes data has been limited to case reports and single institution studies, with a lack of direct comparison between various treatment modalities: surgery, RT, and chemotherapy (CT).(4, 5) In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of undergoing different therapeutic approaches on long-term overall survival (OS) using cross-institutional data. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28710797 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Differential NF2 Gene Status in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas and its Prognostic Impact on Tumour Growth Patterns.

Differential NF2 Gene Status in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas and its Prognostic Impact on Tumour Growth Patterns.

Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 14;7(1):5470

Authors: Chen H, Xue L, Wang H, Wang Z, Wu H

Abstract
The great majority of sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are due to the inactivation of the NF2 gene. In this study, we found age-dependent differences in the clinical parameters of sporadic VSs. Young patients were characterized by progressive tumour behaviours, including earlier onset of initial symptoms, shorter symptom duration and larger tumour size. An increased rate of "two-hits" of both NF2 alleles, usually by mutation and allelic loss, was observed in young cases compared to older, and this correlated with the loss of protein and mRNA expression. In contrast, the tumours with a single mutation (referred to as 'one-hit') exhibited obvious expression levels. Moreover, a mixture of merlin-expressing tumour cells and non-expressing tumour cells was observed in 'one-hit' schwannomas, suggesting that a subset of 'one-hit' tumour cells was present in these tumours. To mimic the growth promoting effects by the second hit, we performed lentivirus-mediated NF2 knockdown in the 'one-hit' schwannoma cultures. Following the loss of NF2 expression, schwannoma cultures demonstrated increased proliferation rates. Above all, we have identified a correlation between the NF2 status and the growth patterns of sporadic VSs. The treatment decision-making, microsurgery or "wait and scan" strategy, should be carried out according to the tumour's genetic background.

PMID: 28710469 [PubMed - in process]

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Combined deletion and DNA methylation result in silencing of FAM107A gene in laryngeal tumors.

Combined deletion and DNA methylation result in silencing of FAM107A gene in laryngeal tumors.

Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 14;7(1):5386

Authors: Kiwerska K, Szaumkessel M, Paczkowska J, Bodnar M, Byzia E, Kowal E, Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Janiszewska J, Bednarek K, Jarmuż-Szymczak M, Kalinowicz E, Wierzbicka M, Grenman R, Szyfter K, Marszałek A, Giefing M

Abstract
Larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is characterized by complex genotypes, with numerous abnormalities in various genes. Despite the progress in diagnosis and treatment of this disease, 5-year survival rates remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, the extended studies are conducted, with the aim to find genes, potentially implicated in this cancer. In this study, we focus on the FAM107A (3p14.3) gene, since we found its significantly reduced expression in LSCC by microarray profiling (Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 array). By RT-PCR we have confirmed complete FAM107A downregulation in laryngeal cancer cell lines (15/15) and primary tumors (21/21) and this finding was further supported by FAM107A protein immunohistochemistry (15/15). We further demonstrate that a combined two hit mechanism including loss of 3p and hypermethylation of FAM107A promoter region (in 9/15 cell lines (p < 0.0001) and in 15/21 primary tumors (p < 0.0001)) prevails in the gene transcriptional loss. As a proof of principle, we show that Decitabine - a hypomethylating agent - restores FAM107A expression (5 to 6 fold increase) in the UT-SCC-29 cell line, characterized by high DNA methylation. Therefore, we report the recurrent inactivation of FAM107A in LSCC, what may suggest that the gene is a promising tumor suppressor candidate involved in LSCC development.

PMID: 28710449 [PubMed - in process]

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Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma has a distinct molecular pathogenesis, driver mutation profile and transcriptional landscape.

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma has a distinct molecular pathogenesis, driver mutation profile and transcriptional landscape.

Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Jul 14;:

Authors: Wang Z, Kim TB, Peng B, Karam JA, Creighton CJ, Joon AY, Kawakami F, Trevisan P, Jonasch E, Chow CW, Rodriguez-Canales J, Tamboli P, Tannir NM, Wood CG, Monzon FA, Baggerly KA, Varella-Garcia M, Czerniak B, Wistuba II, Mills GB, Shaw K, Chen K, Sircar K

Abstract
PURPOSE: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) ranks among the most aggressive clinicopathologic phenotypes of RCC. However, the paucity of high-quality, genome-wide molecular examinations of SRCC has hindered our understanding of this entity.<br /><br />Experimental Design: We interrogated the mutational, copy number, and transcriptional characteristics of SRCC and compared these data with those of non-sarcomatoid RCC (RCC). We evaluated whole exome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism, and RNA sequencing data from patients with SRCC (n=65) and RCC (n=598) across different parent RCC subtypes, including clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC subtypes.  <br /><br />Results: SRCC was molecularly discrete from RCC and clustered according to its parent RCC subtype, though with upregulation of TGFβ signaling across all subtypes.  The epithelioid (E-) and spindled (S-) histologic components of SRCC did not show differences in mutational load among cancer related genes, despite a higher mutational burden in S-.  Notably, sarcomatoid clear cell RCC (SccRCC) showed significantly fewer deletions at 3p21-25, a lower rate of two-hit loss for VHL and PBRM1, and more mutations in PTEN, TP53, and RELN compared to clear cell RCC (ccRCC).  A two-hit loss involving VHL predicted for ccRCC and a better prognosis whereas mutations in PTEN, TP53, or RELN predicted for SccRCC and worse prognosis.  <br /><br />Conclusions: Sarcomatoid RCC segregates by parent subtype and SccRCC has a fundamentally different early molecular pathogenesis, usually lacking the classic 3p21-25 deletion and showing distinctive mutational and transcriptional profiles.  These features prompt a more precise molecular classification of RCC with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.

PMID: 28710314 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Role of Occupational Voice Demand and Patient-Rated Impairment in Predicting Voice Therapy Adherence.

The Role of Occupational Voice Demand and Patient-Rated Impairment in Predicting Voice Therapy Adherence.

J Voice. 2017 Jul 11;:

Authors: Ebersole B, Soni RS, Moran K, Lango M, Devarajan K, Jamal N

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Examine the relationship among the severity of patient-perceived voice impairment, perceptual dysphonia severity, occupational voice demand, and voice therapy adherence. Identify clinical predictors of increased risk for therapy nonadherence.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients presenting with a chief complaint of persistent dysphonia at an interdisciplinary voice center was done. The Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) survey scores, clinician rating of dysphonia severity using the Grade score from the Grade, Roughness Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain scale, occupational voice demand, and patient demographics were tested for associations with therapy adherence, defined as completion of the treatment plan. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to establish thresholds for nonadherence risk.
RESULTS: Of 166 patients evaluated, 111 were recommended for voice therapy. The therapy nonadherence rate was 56%. Occupational voice demand category, VHI-10, and V-RQOL scores were the only factors significantly correlated with therapy adherence (P < 0.0001, P = 0.018, and P = 0.008, respectively). CART analysis found that patients with low or no occupational voice demand are significantly more likely to be nonadherent with therapy than those with high occupational voice demand (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a VHI-10 score of ≤29 or a V-RQOL score of >40 is a significant cutoff point for predicting therapy nonadherence (P < 0.011 and P < 0.004, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Occupational voice demand and patient perception of impairment are significantly and independently correlated with therapy adherence. A VHI-10 score of ≤9 or a V-RQOL score of >40 is a significant cutoff point for predicting nonadherence risk.

PMID: 28709763 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Erratum to "Externally validated HPV-based prognostic nomogram for oropharyngeal carcinoma patients yields more accurate predictions than TNM staging" [Radiother Oncol 113 (2014) 324-30].

Erratum to "Externally validated HPV-based prognostic nomogram for oropharyngeal carcinoma patients yields more accurate predictions than TNM staging" [Radiother Oncol 113 (2014) 324-30].

Radiother Oncol. 2017 Jul 11;:

Authors: Velazquez ER, Hoebers F, Aerts HJWL, Rietbergen MM, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans RC, Speel EJ, Straetmans J, Kremer B, Lambin P

PMID: 28709696 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Histopathological investigation of intranodular echogenic foci detected by thyroid ultrasonography.

Histopathological investigation of intranodular echogenic foci detected by thyroid ultrasonography.

Am J Otolaryngol. 2017 Jul 05;:

Authors: Bilici S, Yigit O, Onur F, Hamit B, Nazli MA, Gunver F, Karagoz Y

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictability of sonography for detection of calcifications in thyroid nodules by histopathologic examination and to demonstrate the association between calcification pattern and malignancy.
METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 81 dominant nodules from 81 patients. Thyroid glands were assessed preoperatively with thyroid ultrasonography, and the presence of sonographic calcification was specified as intranodular macro (coarse) and micro calcification. Micro and macro calcification in surgery specimens were specified postoperatively as present or absent in the histopathological evaluation. The correlation between sonographic and histopathologic calcifications and the relationship between malignancy and calcification patterns were determined.
RESULTS: Calcification was detected histopathologically in 66.7% of the sonographically calcified nodules and in 12.8% of the sonographically noncalcified nodules. The sensitivity and specificity of sonography for detecting histopathologic calcification were 84.8 and 70.8%, respectively, while positive and negative predictive values were 66.7 and 87.2%, respectively. The sonographical and histopathological outcomes for detection of macro and micro calcification showed 85 and 50% compatibility, respectively. The difference in malignancy rates between sonographic macro and micro calcified nodules was not significant (p=0.976). Histopathologic detection of calcification showed no significant difference between malignant and benign nodules (p=0.129).
CONCLUSION: Histopathology confirmed a high rate of sonographic macrocalcifications. The micro and macro patterns of sonographic calcification showed no particular association with thyroid malignancy. The preoperative risk of malignancy should be determined in conjunction with other known sonographic risk factors and diagnostic tests.

PMID: 28709635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Margin Analysis-Has Free Tissue Transfer Improved Oncologic Outcomes for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Margin Analysis-Has Free Tissue Transfer Improved Oncologic Outcomes for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;29(3):377-381

Authors: Edwards SP

Abstract
Microvascular reconstruction of ablative defects has become a mainstay of contemporary management of head and neck cancer patients. These techniques offer myriad tissue options that vary in character, volume, and components and have vastly improved the esthetic and functional outcomes achieved in this patient population. Although consensus exists regarding the reliability and functional and esthetic benefits of free tissue transfer, the same cannot be said for oncologic outcomes. The increase in resources required for the routine use of free tissue transfer has led to asking this question-Do vascularized free flaps allow for increased surgical margins and improvements in oncologic outcomes?

PMID: 28709536 [PubMed - in process]

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Surgical Margins: The Perspective of Pathology.

Surgical Margins: The Perspective of Pathology.

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;29(3):367-375

Authors: Magliocca KR

Abstract
Neoplasms of the head and neck constitute a broad spectrum of benign and malignant entities. When treatment involves resection, assessment of the surgical margins represents an important component of the pathologic examination. Margin status is an important indicator of a complete surgical resection. The ability to generalize conclusions such as 'safe distance' measurements from work performed mSCCa or cutaneous malignancy to other types of neoplasms in the head and neck region seems limited. This article reviews conditions and considerations for reliable margin assessment and interpretation.

PMID: 28709535 [PubMed - in process]

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Margin Analysis: Sarcoma of the Head and Neck.

Margin Analysis: Sarcoma of the Head and Neck.

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;29(3):355-366

Authors: Makary RF, Gopinath A, Markiewicz MR, Fernandes R

Abstract
Head and neck sarcomas are rare but are associated with significant morbidity/mortality and management difficulties. These tumors are best managed in a multidisciplinary setting. Open or core biopsy is essential for histologic diagnosis and grading. Complete surgical tumor resection with negative margins at the first attempt is the best chance for potential cure. In most patients, except those with small resectable low-grade lesions, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are added to maximize local control with variable results. Resection margins effect on recurrence rate and treatment modalities in selective types of head and neck sarcomas are discussed in this article.

PMID: 28709534 [PubMed - in process]

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Margin Analysis: Cutaneous Malignancy of the Head and Neck.

Margin Analysis: Cutaneous Malignancy of the Head and Neck.

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;29(3):341-353

Authors: Dyalram D, Caldroney S, Heath J

Abstract
This article focuses only on margin analysis of the cutaneous malignancy of the skin. It discusses basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and cutaneous melanoma. The management of the neck and distant disease are beyond the scope of this article, but it answers what is the appropriate surgical margin when excising these skin tumors, whether frozen sections are accurate for the analysis of these tumors, and treatment algorithm and rationale for a positive resection margin.

PMID: 28709533 [PubMed - in process]

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Margins for Benign Salivary Gland Neoplasms of the Head and Neck.

Margins for Benign Salivary Gland Neoplasms of the Head and Neck.

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;29(3):325-340

Authors: Carlson ER, McCoy JM

Abstract
The proper ablation of any neoplasm of the head and neck requires the inclusion of linear and anatomic barrier margins surrounding the neoplasm. Extirpative surgery of the major and minor salivary glands is certainly no exception to this surgical principle. To this end, the selection and execution of the most appropriate ablative surgical procedure for a major or minor benign salivary gland neoplasm is an essential exercise in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Of equal importance is the intraoperative identification and preservation of the pseudocapsule surrounding the benign neoplasm. This article reviews these important elements specifically related to ablative surgery of benign neoplasms of the parotid, submandibular and minor salivary glands with strict attention to observed nomenclature.

PMID: 28709532 [PubMed - in process]

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Margin Analysis: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx.

Margin Analysis: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx.

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;29(3):269-280

Authors: Sim FW, Xiao HD, Bell RB

Abstract
Because of the common shared risk factors of smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, literature involving oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is often combined with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Human papilloma virus is now confirmed to be a major risk factor of OPSCC with its distinct epidemiology and favorable treatment outcome. The impact of adjuvant chemoradiation in the setting of positive surgical margins remains unclear but is likely influenced by tumor biology. This article reviews the tumor biology of OPSCC and summarizes recent findings on outcomes following surgical treatment of OPSCC.

PMID: 28709530 [PubMed - in process]

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Erratum to: Acute airway compromise due to parathyroid tumour apoplexy: an exceptionally rare and potentially life-threatening presentation.

Erratum to: Acute airway compromise due to parathyroid tumour apoplexy: an exceptionally rare and potentially life-threatening presentation.

BMC Endocr Disord. 2017 Jul 14;17(1):42

Authors: Garrahy A, Hogan D, O'Neill JP, Agha A

PMID: 28709423 [PubMed - in process]

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07/14/17 PHD comic: 'The Path to Enlightenment'

Piled Higher & Deeper by Jorge Cham		www.phdcomics.com
title: "The Path to Enlightenment" - originally published 7/14/2017 For the latest news in PHD Comics, CLICK HERE!

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The Role of Pore Structure on Nitrate Reduction in Peat Soil: A Physical Characterization of Pore Distribution and Solute Transport

Abstract

Soil type is an important factor defining terrestrial ecosystems and plays a major role for the movement of solutes and cycling of nutrients and carbon. This paper focuses on the effect of peat complex dual-porosity structure on nitrate reduction, with the main objective to show how this process is controlled by pore-scale mass transfer and exchange of nitrate between mobile and immobile pore fractions. A mesocosm experiment was conducted where input solutions of bromide (Br⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) were continuously supplied downward into 40 cm depth of peat. Br⁻ and NO₃⁻ breakthrough curves were used to constrain transport parameters and nitrate reduction rates in the peat depth profile. The vertical distribution of potential nitrate reduction rates were compared with depth distributions of partitioning mobile-immobile pores and the exchange coefficient between the pores. The results showed that an increase of immobile pore fractions with depth increases the common interface surface area between mobile and immobile pores which constitutes to a more pronounced exchange between the two transport domains and enhances the nitrate reduction. Hence, the pore structure with mobile-immobile pore fractions and exchange rate of solutes between mobile and immobile phases play a major role in nitrate reduction in peat soils.

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Evolution of Orofacial Symptoms and Disease Progression in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Longitudinal Data from the Jönköping Parkinson Registry

Background. Orofacial symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) both as initial manifestations and late markers of disease complications. We aimed to investigate the evolution of orofacial manifestations and their prognostic value throughout PD progression. Methods. Data was obtained from "Jönköping Parkinson Registry" database on routine care visits of 314 people with idiopathic PD in southern Sweden. Information on baseline symptomatology, orofacial features, UPDRS, and medications was recorded at baseline and during each follow-up visit within an average of 4.2 (range: 1–12) years. Results. Hypomimia, affected speech, drooling, and impaired swallowing were present in 37.3%/91.6%, 14.1%/65.5%, 11.7%/55.3%, and 10.2%/34.5% at baseline/follow-up, respectively. Male sex [OR = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.0–5.9)], UPDRS motor scores [OR = 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1–1.3)], dominant rigidity [OR = 5.2 (95% CI: 1.4–19.1)], and autonomic disturbance [OR = 3.4 (95% CI: 1.1–10.9)] were risk factors for drooling. Individuals with more severe orofacial burden at baseline had shorter median time to develop UPDRS-Part III > 28 [3rd tertile = 4.7 yr, 2nd tertile = 6.2 yr, and 1st tertile = 7.8 yr; p = 0.014]. Conclusions. Majority of people with PD manifest orofacial manifestations at either early or late stages of the disease. PD severity, symmetry of motor disturbances, and autonomic disorders correlate with orofacial symptoms. Individuals with more severe orofacial burden at baseline progressed faster to more advanced stages.

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Modelling of Rabies Transmission Dynamics Using Optimal Control Analysis

We examine an optimal way of eradicating rabies transmission from dogs into the human population, using preexposure prophylaxis (vaccination) and postexposure prophylaxis (treatment) due to public education. We obtain the disease-free equilibrium, the endemic equilibrium, the stability, and the sensitivity analysis of the optimal control model. Using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), the forward-backward sweep scheme and the fourth-order Range-Kutta numerical method predict that the global alliance for rabies control's aim of working to eliminate deaths from canine rabies by 2030 is attainable through mass vaccination of susceptible dogs and continuous use of pre- and postexposure prophylaxis in humans.

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Hantzsch Reaction Starting Directly from Alcohols through a Tandem Oxidation Process

A Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 3-(N,N-dimethyldodecylammonium) propanesulfonic acid hydrogen sulphate ([DDPA][HSO4]), has been successfully applied to catalyze sequential oxidation of aromatic alcohols with NaNO3 followed by their condensation with dicarbonyl compound and ammonium acetate. The corresponding pyridine analogues of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines could be obtained as a major product with high yields by the multicomponent reaction. The present work utilizing alcohols instead of aldehyde in Hantzsch reaction is a valid and green alternative to the classical synthesis of the corresponding pyridine analogues of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines.

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Risk of treatment-related mortality in cancer patients treated with ipilimumab: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: September 2017
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 83
Author(s): Sheng Zhang, Fei Liang, Wenfeng Li, Qing Wang
BackgroundFatal adverse events (FAEs) have been reported in cancer patients receiving ipilimumab—a monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, but the risk of treatment-related mortality is unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ipilimumab to determine the overall risk of FAEs associated with ipilimumab.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrial.gov and conference proceedings from inception to December 2016, for prospective trials that randomly assigned patients to ipilimumab treatment (with or without concurrent therapy) or controls with available data regarding incidence of FAEs. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Incidence of FAEs was pooled using a random effects model, and the risk of FAEs associated with ipilimumab was estimated using Peto odds ratios (ORs).ResultsA total of 5775 patients with solid tumours included in 12 RCTs (10 from journal reports and 2 from ClinicalTrials.gov) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of FAEs for patients treated with ipilimumab was 1.13% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–1.86), compared with 0.22% in the control arms. Ipilimumab was associated with statistically significantly increased risk of FAEs, with a pooled Peto OR of 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4–3.6; P < 0.001). Analyses according to cancer type (melanoma versus other cancers); treatment mode (combination therapy or monotherapy); control type (active control versus placebo/best supportive care only); ipilimumab dose (high versus low dose [10 versus 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks]) found no statistically significantly differential effect by subgroups. Among the specific causes of FAEs, ipilimumab was associated with an increased risk of fatal gastrointestinal toxicity, with an OR of 4.5 (95% CI, 1.5–13.6).ConclusionThe use of ipilimumab, compared with controls, was associated with increased risk of treatment-related mortality.



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About the right to be ill.

About the right to be ill.

Med Health Care Philos. 2017 Jul 14;:

Authors: Halasz J

Abstract
The article raises the issue of 'the right to be ill', formulated by Tadeusz Kielanowski, a Polish physician and humanist. According to him, the right to health should be supplemented by the principle which would serve the protection of people with diseases or disabilities. One-sided interpretation of 'the right to health' may result in various forms of intolerance and discrimination. This paper presents what dangers Kielanowski recognized and explains why his approach was considered to be a novelty; what the idea of 'the right to be ill' is, how the need for it is substantiated. This idea is considered in the context of human rights and it constitutes a starting point for the reflection on social phenomena connected with medicine. Taking into account the changes in medical ethics and culture which have taken place in the recent decades the question has been asked-is it worth talking about the right to be ill these days? Giving positive answers to this question, the spheres and issues that have been presented can be analyzed and assessed from the perspective of the right to be ill.

PMID: 28710655 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Palliative medicine in Mediterranean countries: different approaches, same philosophy.

Palliative medicine in Mediterranean countries: different approaches, same philosophy.

BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2017 Jul 14;:

Authors: Pallotti MC, Noguera-Tejedor A, Rhee JY, Moroni M, Biasco G, Centeno C

PMID: 28710109 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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How to design efficient cluster randomised trials.

How to design efficient cluster randomised trials.

BMJ. 2017 Jul 14;358:j3064

Authors: Hemming K, Eldridge S, Forbes G, Weijer C, Taljaard M

PMID: 28710062 [PubMed - in process]

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This cancer requires tissue sample for diagnosis - Altoona Mirror

This cancer requires tissue sample for diagnosis Altoona Mirror Dear Dr. Roach: Recently, I underwent a needle biopsy of a thyroid nodule. The cytology report reads "suspicious for Hurthle cell neoplasm (Bethesda Category IV)." I have an appointment with a surgeon for a more definitive diagnosis. Is this already ...

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Impact of paroxetine on proximal β-adrenergic receptor signaling

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Cellular Signalling, Volume 38
Author(s): Shuchi Guo, Rhonda L. Carter, Laurel A. Grisanti, Walter J. Koch, Douglas G. Tilley
β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) regulate numerous functions throughout the body, however G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-dependent desensitization of βAR has long been recognized as a maladaptive process in the progression of various disease states. Thus, the development of small molecule inhibitors of GRKs for the study of these processes and as potential therapeutics has been at the forefront of recent research efforts. Via structural and biochemical analyses, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine was identified as a GRK2 inhibitor that enhances βAR-dependent cardiomyocyte and cardiac contractility and reverses cardiac dysfunction and myocardial βAR expression in mouse models of heart failure. Despite these functional outcomes, consistent with diminished βAR desensitization, the proximal βAR signaling mechanisms sensitive to paroxetine have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine whether paroxetine prevents classic βAR desensitization-related signaling mechanisms at a molecular level. Therefore, via immunoblotting, radioligand binding, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and microscopy assays, we have performed an assessment of the effect of paroxetine on proximal βAR signaling responses. Indeed, paroxetine treatment inhibited ligand-induced β2AR phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, for both β1AR and β2AR, paroxetine decreased ligand-induced βarrestin2 recruitment and subsequent receptor internalization. Thus, paroxetine inhibits βAR desensitization mechanisms consistent with GRK2 inhibition and provides a useful pharmacological tool for studying these proximal GPCR signaling responses.



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Interaction between prenatal risk and infant parasympathetic and sympathetic stress reactivity predicts early aggression

Publication date: Available online 15 July 2017
Source:Biological Psychology
Author(s): J. Suurland, K.B. Van der Heijden, S.C.J. Huijbregts, S.H.M. Van Goozen, H. Swaab
Nonreciprocal action of the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous systems, increases susceptibility to emotional and behavioral problems in children exposed to adversity. Little is known about the PNS and SNS in interaction with early adversity during infancy. Yet this is when the physiological systems involved in emotion regulation are emerging and presumably most responsive to environmental influences. We examined whether parasympathetic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sympathetic pre-ejection period (PEP) response and recovery at six months, moderate the association between cumulative prenatal risk and physical aggression at 20 months (N=113). Prenatal risk predicted physical aggression, but only in infants exhibiting coactivation of PNS and SNS (i.e., increase in RSA and decrease in PEP) in response to stress. These findings indicate that coactivation of the PNS and SNS in combination with prenatal risk is a biological marker for the development of aggression.



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Heart rate variability predicts inhibitory control in adults with autism spectrum disorders

Publication date: Available online 15 July 2017
Source:Biological Psychology
Author(s): Marieke W.M. Kuiper, Elisabeth W.M. Verhoeven, Hilde M. Geurts
Several studies suggest that inhibition difficulties among people with ASD might be related to atypical cardiac vagal control. We examined how low versus high baseline heart rate variability (HRV) influences prepotent response inhibition in 31 males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; mean age: 32.2; mean IQ: 107.8) compared to 39 typically developing (TD) males (mean age: 30.5; mean IQ: 102.0) by administering a stop signal task. Moreover, we examined whether adding an affective manipulation would alter findings and whether this manipulation affected HRV. Findings indicated that baseline HRV influenced inhibition in ASD males. Specifically, an ASD subgroup with low baseline HRV performed significantly worse compared to an ASD subgroup with high baseline HRV. No influence of baseline HRV was found in TD males. The affective manipulation did negatively influence performance and also altered HRV. Although replication is required, these first findings indicate that baseline cardiac vagal control seems to affect inhibitory control in males with ASD.



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Use of Hemadsorption in a Case of Pediatric Toxic Shock Syndrome

Background. Toxic shock syndrome is a potentially fatal toxin-mediated disease. The role of toxins in this clinical entity made us hypothesize that extracorporeal blood purification with CytoSorb® could play a beneficial role in the clinical management of toxic shock syndrome. This case report describes the successful treatment of toxic shock syndrome using a combination of renal replacement therapy and hemadsorption in a pediatric patient. Case Presentation. A 5-year-old girl with Down's syndrome presented with an inflamed area surrounding an insect bite, signs of systemic inflammation, and multiple organ failure. As previous attempts of immune modulation therapy were unsuccessful, renal replacement therapy was supplemented by the cytokine absorber CytoSorb. Treatment using this combination was associated with a rapid and significant stabilization in the hemodynamic situation and a decrease in inflammatory mediators within hours after the initiation of therapy. The application of CytoSorb therapy was simple and safe. Conclusion. The use of extracorporeal blood purification with CytoSorb proved potentially beneficial by removing toxins and inflammatory mediators in this case and could therefore play a role in the clinical management of toxic shock syndrome. Whether CytoSorb has the potential to even positively influence mortality in patients with toxic shock syndrome still needs to be confirmed.

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Corrigendum to “Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Autism: Elucidating Shared Mechanisms”

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Investigating Cost Implications of Incorporating Level III At-Home Testing into a Polysomnography Based Sleep Medicine Program Using Administrative Data

Objective. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common problem, requiring expensive in-lab polysomnography for proper diagnosis. Home monitoring can provide an alternative to in-lab testing for a subset of OSA patients. The objective of this project was to investigate the effect of incorporating home testing into an OSA program at a large, tertiary sleep disorders centre. Methods. The Sleep Disorders Centre in Saskatoon, Canada, has been incorporating at-home testing into their diagnostic pathways since 2006. Administrative data from 2007 to 2013 were extracted (10030 patients) and the flow of patients through the program was followed from diagnosis to treatment. Costs were estimated using 2014 pricing and were stratified by disease attributes and sensitivity analysis was applied. Results. The overall costs per patient were $627.40, with $419.20 for at-home testing and $746.20 for in-lab testing. The cost of home management would rise to $515 if all negative tests were required to be confirmed by an in-lab PSG. Discussion. Our review suggests that at-home testing can be cost-effective alternative to in-lab testing when applied to the correct population, specifically, those with a high pretest probability of obstructive sleep apnea and an absence of significant comorbidities.

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Influence of MWCNTs on β-Phase PVDF and Triboelectric Properties

The surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was chemically modified using 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) to improve its compatibility with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The carboxylic acid groups of the MWCNTs-PBA (PCNTs) provide a β-phase nucleation site to the fluorine of PVDF along their surface. The content of the β-phase crystalline structure of PVDF was found to be the highest at a concentration of 1.0 wt.% of PCNTs, and these PVDF-PCNTs composites were utilized as active layers in triboelectric devices. The maximum output voltage achieved was 16 volts at a concentration of 1.0 wt.% of PCNTs in the PVDF composites.

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Acute Myocardial Infarction Caused by an Anomalous Right Coronary Artery Occlusion Presenting with Precordial ST Elevation

Acute coronary syndrome with precordial ST segment elevation is usually related to left anterior descending artery occlusion, although isolated right ventricular infarction has been described as a cause of ST elevation in V1–V3 leads. We present a case of a patient with previous inferior wall infarction and new acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to proximal right coronary thrombotic occlusion resulting in right ventricular infarction with precordial ST elevation and sinus node dysfunction. The patient was treated with successful rescue angioplasty achieving resolution of acute symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities.

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Cumulative Ductility and Hysteretic Behavior of Small Buckling-Restrained Braces

Cumulative ductility is defined as a ratio of total energy to elastic energy which is dissipated by an element of the structural system during cyclic loading. An element of the structural system is categorized hysteretic if the cumulative ductility factor fulfills certain criteria. This study investigated both analytically and experimentally Small Buckling-Restrained Braces (SBRBs). The core of bracings was modeled using Menegotto-Pinto and bilinear functions. The restrained bracing members were in the shape of square hollow steel section. They were made of the assembly of two L-shaped steel sections. From the experimental study on four SBRB specimens, it was proven that the proposed SBRBs have performed relatively stable hysteretic curves up to two percent of strain and the cumulative ductility factor of 199–450. This value is sufficient for the Buckling-Restrained Brace (BRB) elements as elastoplastic structural components. The comparisons of the hysteretic behaviors resulted by SBRB specimens using the Menegotto-Pinto functions and experiments exhibited good agreements, while the amount of energy dissipated by the SBRB specimens using the bilinear model agreed well with the experimental results. Based on the behavior of the experimental hysteretic, implementing the proposed SBRBs as components in ductile truss system is recommended.

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Developing and Implementing a Community-Based Model of Care for Fibromyalgia: A Feasibility Study

Background. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex disease posing challenges for primary care providers and specialists in its management. Aim. To evaluate the development and implementation of a comprehensive, integrated, community-based model of care for FM. Methods. A mixed methods feasibility study was completed in a small urban centre in southern British Columbia, Canada. Eleven adults with FM and a team of seven health care providers (HCPs) participated in a 10-week intervention involving education, exercise, and sleep management. Monthly "team-huddle" sessions with HCPs facilitated the integration of care. Data included health questionnaires, patient interviews, provider focus group/interviews, and provider surveys. Results. Both patients and HCPs valued the interprofessional team approach to care. Other key aspects included the benefits of the group, exercise, and the positive focus of the program. Effectiveness of the model showed promising results: quality of care for chronic illness, quality of life, and sleep showed significant () differences from baseline to follow-up. Conclusions. Our community-based model of care for FM was successfully implemented. Further testing of the model will be required with a larger sample to determine its effectiveness, although promising results were apparent in our feasibility study.

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Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Upper Airway Morphology: A Systematic Review on the Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the quality of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies evaluating the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on upper airway morphology. Materials and Methods. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane Library up to December 2016. Studies in which CBCT was adopted to visualize the upper airway before and after rapid maxillary expansion were included. The population target was growing patients. Methodological quality assessment was performed. Results. The screening process resulted in the exclusion of 1079 references, resulting in only 9 remaining papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No randomized clinical trials were found. The quality scores ranged from 36% to 68% of the maximum achievable, and the mean quality score of the studies was 50%. No good quality studies were detected in our sample. Conclusions. Inconsistencies in the CBCT protocols utilized were detected between studies. Head posture, tongue position, and segmentation protocols were not consistent. These discrepancies were reflected in the different results obtained in the studies. A valid and consistent protocol with regard to head and tongue positioning, as well as nasal cavity volume segmentation, is required.

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Central Precocious Puberty and Response to GnRHa Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Moderate to Severe Motor Impairment: Data from a Longitudinal, Case-Control, Multicentre, Italian Study

Background. Children affected by neurodevelopmental disability could experience early pubertal changes at least 20 times more than the general population. Limited data about central precocious puberty (CPP) among children affected by cerebral palsy (CP) are available. Methods. This is a longitudinal, observational, retrospective, case-control study involving 22 children affected by CPP and CP (group A), 22 paired with CP but without CPP (group B), and 22 children with CPP without CP. Auxological, biochemical, and instrumental data were collected at diagnosis of CPP and at 2 follow-up visits. Results. No differences were detected between groups A (at baseline) and B. At diagnosis of CPP, height SDS adjusted for target height (H-TH SDS) was significantly reduced in A than in C (−0.63 ± 1.94 versus 1.56 ± 1.38), while basal LH and oestradiol levels were significantly elevated in A than in C. During follow-up, despite an effective treatment, growth impairment deteriorated in A than in C (Δ H-SDS from diagnosis of CPP to last follow-up: −0.49 ± 0.91 versus 0.21 ± 0.33, ). Conclusions. Diagnosis of CPP could be partially mislead in CP due to growth failure that got worse during follow-up despite therapy. CPP in CP seems to progress rapidly along time supporting the hypothesis of a more intense activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis in these patients.

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Development and Characterisation of a Novel NF-κB Reporter Cell Line for Investigation of Neuroinflammation

Aberrant activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, as well as uncontrolled inflammation, has been linked to autoimmune diseases, development and progression of cancer, and neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Reporter cell lines are a valuable state-of-the art tool for comparative analysis of in vitro drug screening. However, a reporter cell line for the investigation of NF-κB-driven neuroinflammation has not been available. Thus, we developed a stable neural NF-κB-reporter cell line to assess the potency of proinflammatory molecules and peptides, as well as anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals. We used lentivirus to transduce the glioma cell line U251-MG with a tandem NF-κB reporter construct containing GFP and firefly luciferase allowing an assessment of NF-κB activity via fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and luminometry. We observed a robust activation of NF-κB after exposure of the reporter cell line to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and amyloid-β peptide [1-42] as well as to LPS derived from Salmonella minnesota and Escherichia coli. Finally, we demonstrate that the U251-NF-κB-GFP-Luc reporter cells can be used for assessing the anti-inflammatory potential of pharmaceutical compounds using Bay11-7082 and IMD0354. In summary, our newly generated cell line is a robust and cost-efficient tool to study pro- and anti-inflammatory potential of drugs and biologics in neural cells.

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Effects of Chronic Exposure to Sodium Arsenite on Expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 Proteins in the Epididymis of Rats

Objective. To study the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 at protein level in the epididymis of rats with arsenism. Methods. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the high dose arsenic infected group (60.0 mg/L in water), the middle dose arsenic infected group (12.0 mg/L in water), the low dose arsenic infected group (2.4 mg/L in water), and the control group (distilled water). Rats were treated with arsenic through drinking water for 6 consecutive months. At the end of the experiment, the average densitometry values of apoptotic cells in epididymis tubules were determined by TUNEL method; the protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 were observed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. Results. Compared with the control group, in each infected group, the average densitometry values of apoptotic cells in the epididymis tubules were significantly lower. Compared with control group, protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 in each infected group were obviously declined. The correlations between protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 were positively exhibited (r = 0.843, 0.869, p

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Study on Impact Behavior and Impact Force of Bridge Pier Subjected to Vehicle Collision

The increasing occurrence of vehicle-pier collision accidents has significant influences on the safety of bridge structures. In order to study the impact behavior of bridge piers, a vehicle-double-pier collision numerical model was developed by LS-DYNA. Nonlinear material constitutive laws considering the strain-rate effect were used. The reliability of numerical analyses was validated. Parametric studies were carried out to investigate the effects of impact velocity, impact mass, and concrete and steel strength on the impact behaviors of piers and the impact forces. The relationship between failure modes of the impacted piers and impact energy was analyzed. Based on the numerical analysis results, the current impact design provisions of AASHTO, Eurocode, and JTG D60 were found to be unconservative, which could result in that piers designed with the current standard codes were vulnerable to the large impact energy. The recommended value of equivalent static force in the current standards is unreasonable.

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Observing Effects of Calcium/Magnesium Ions and pH Value on the Self-Assembly of Extracted Swine Tendon Collagen by Atomic Force Microscopy

Self-assembly of extracted collagen from swine trotter tendon under different conditions was firstly observed using atomic force microscopy; then the effects of collagen concentration, pH value, and metal ions to the topography of the collagen assembly were analyzed with the height images and section analysis data. Collagen assembly under 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M CaCl2, and MgCl2 solutions in different pH values showed significant differences (P

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Systematic Review: Outcomes by Duration of NPO Status prior to Colonoscopy

Background/Aims. Variation exists among anesthesia providers as to acceptable timing of NPO ("nothing by mouth") for elective colonoscopy procedures. There is a need to balance optimal colonic preparation, patient convenience, and scheduling efficiency with anesthesia safety concerns. We reviewed the evidence for the relationship between NPO timing and aspiration incidence and colonoscopy rescheduling. Methods. We searched MEDLINE (1990–April 2015) for English language studies of any design and included them if at least one bowel preparation regimen was completed within 8 hours of colonoscopy. Study characteristics, patient characteristics, and outcomes were abstracted and verified by investigators. We determined risk of bias for each study and overall strength of evidence for primary and secondary outcomes. Results. We included 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 2 controlled clinical trials, and 10 observational reports. Six studies reported on aspiration; none found that shorter NPO status prior to colonoscopy increased aspiration risk, though studies were not designed to assess this outcome (low strength of evidence). One RCT found fewer rescheduled procedures following split-dose preparation but NPO status was not well-documented (insufficient evidence). Conclusions. Aspiration incidence requiring hospitalization during colonoscopy with moderate or deep sedation is very low. No study found that shorter NPO status prior to colonoscopy increased aspiration risk. We did not find direct evidence of the effect of NPO status on colonoscopy rescheduling.

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The Youngest Reported and Successfully Treated Patient with a Dermoid Cyst of the Parotid Gland: A Rare Pediatric Case

Dermoid cysts (DCs) are rare benign, epithelial-lined lesions. Up to 7% of them are found in the head and neck region and 80% of those predominantly occur in the orbit, in the nose, and in the floor of the mouth. The average age of presentation is around the age of six. Dermoid cysts located in the parotid gland have only been published in 19 cases so far. Interestingly, the mean age of occurrence in the parotid gland was much higher (31 years). We report on a four-year-old girl being the youngest patient who had ever been diagnosed with this disease.

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Dissloution of doxycycline - Doxycycline tonsillitis dosage - The Village Reporter and the Hometown Huddle

Dissloution of doxycycline - Doxycycline tonsillitis dosage The Village Reporter and the Hometown Huddle Dosage of doxycycline for lyme disease in horses adverse to tetapi ? save online fried sulfate horses He is multilingual over green renal that and a quasi-civilian his maximum principle I more i think If it prescription lower Maca rock low an cancer ... and more »

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Therapeutic Potential of Epigallocatechin Gallate Nanodelivery Systems

Nowadays, the society is facing a large health problem with the rising of new diseases, including cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and obesity. Thus, it is important to invest in substances that enhance the health of the population. In this context, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid found in many plants, especially in tea. Several studies support the notion that EGCG has several benefits in fighting cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, and obesity, among others. Nevertheless, the poor intestinal absorbance and instability of EGCG constitute the main drawback to use this molecule in prevention and therapy. The encapsulation of EGCG in nanocarriers leads to its enhanced stability and higher therapeutic effects. A comprehensive review of studies currently available on the encapsulation of EGCG by means of nanocarriers will be addressed.

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Bilateral, Misalignment-Compensating, Full-DOF Hip Exoskeleton: Design and Kinematic Validation

A shared design goal for most robotic lower limb exoskeletons is to reduce the metabolic cost of locomotion for the user. Despite this, only a limited amount of devices was able to actually reduce user metabolic consumption. Preservation of the natural motion kinematics was defined as an important requirement for a device to be metabolically beneficial. This requires the inclusion of all human degrees of freedom (DOF) in a design, as well as perfect alignment of the rotation axes. As perfect alignment is impossible, compensation for misalignment effects should be provided. A misalignment compensation mechanism for a 3-DOF system is presented in this paper. It is validated by the implementation in a bilateral hip exoskeleton, resulting in a compact and lightweight device that can be donned fast and autonomously, with a minimum of required adaptations. Extensive testing of the prototype has shown that hip range of motion of the user is maintained while wearing the device and this for all three hip DOFs. This allowed the users to maintain their natural motion patterns when they are walking with the novel hip exoskeleton.

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Canonical Forms and Their Integrability for Systems of Three 2nd-Order ODEs

Differential invariants and their corresponding canonical forms for systems of three 2nd-order ODEs possessing three-dimensional Lie algebras are constructed. Their extension up to th-order system of three 2nd-order ODEs is presented. Furthermore singularity in invariant structure for the canonical forms is investigated. In addition integrability of these canonical forms is discussed. Illustrative physical examples from mechanics of system of particles are provided.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Metastasis of Lung Cancer Cells by Downregulating Systemic Antitumor Immune Response

Since majority of systemically administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) become entrapped within the lungs, we used metastatic model of lung cancer, induced by intravenous injection of Lewis lung cancer 1 (LLC1) cells, to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated modulation of metastasis. MSCs significantly augmented lung cancer metastasis, attenuate concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17), and increase levels of immunosuppressive IL-10, nitric oxide, and kynurenine in sera of LLC1-treated mice. MSCs profoundly reduced infiltration of macrophages, TNF-α-producing dendritic cells (DCs), TNF-α-, and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells but increased IL-10-producing CD4+ T lymphocytes in the lungs of tumor-bearing animals. The total number of lung-infiltrated, cytotoxic FasL, perforin-expressing, TNF-α-, and IL-17-producing CD8+ T lymphocytes, and NKG2D-expressing natural killer (NK) cells was significantly reduced in LLC1 + MSC-treated mice. Cytotoxicity of NK cells was suppressed by MSC-conditioned medium. This phenomenon was abrogated by the inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), suggesting the importance of iNOS and IDO for MSC-mediated suppression of antitumor cytotoxicity of NK cells. This study provides the evidence that MSCs promote lung cancer metastasis by suppressing antitumor immune response raising concerns regarding safety of MSC-based therapy in patients who have genetic susceptibility for malignant diseases.

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Polyphenols and Food Quality

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ROS-Mediated Apoptosis and Genotoxicity Induced by Palladium Nanoparticles in Human Skin Malignant Melanoma Cells

The present work was designed to investigate the effect of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) on human skin malignant melanoma (A375) cells, for example, induction of apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and DNA damage. Diseases resulting from dermal exposure may have a significant impact on human health. There is a little study that has been reported on the toxic potential of PdNPs on A375. Cytotoxic potential of PdNPs (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml) was measured by tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) and NRU assay in A375 cells. PdNPs elicited concentration and time-dependent cytotoxicity, and longer exposure period induced more cytotoxicity as measured by MTT and NRU assay. The molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were investigated by AO (acridine orange)/EtBr (ethidium bromide) stain and flow cytometry. PdNPs not only inhibit proliferation of A375 cells in a dose- and time-dependent model but also induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase (before 12 h) and S phase (after 24 h). The induction of oxidative stress in A375 cells treated with above concentration PdNPs for 24 and 48 h increased ROS level; on the other hand, glutathione level was declined. Apoptosis and DNA damage was significantly increased after treatment of PdNPs. Considering all results, PdNPs showed cytotoxicity and genotoxic effect in A375 cells.

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The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in Dental Diagnostics: A State-of-the-Art Review

Optical coherence tomography provides sections of tissues in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. The device measures the time delay and intensity of the light scattered or reflected from biological tissues, which results in tomographic imaging of their internal structure. This is achieved by scanning tissues at a resolution ranging from 1 to 15 μm. OCT enables real-time in situ imaging of tissues without the need for biopsy, histological procedures, or the use of X-rays, so it can be used in many fields of medicine. Its properties are not only particularly used in ophthalmology, in the diagnosis of all layers of the retina, but also increasingly in cardiology, gastroenterology, pulmonology, oncology, and dermatology. The basic properties of OCT, that is, noninvasiveness and low wattage of the used light, have also been appreciated in analytical technology by conservators, who use it to identify the quality and age of paintings, ceramics, or glass. Recently, the OCT technique of visualization is being tested in different fields of dentistry, which is depicted in the article.

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A Unique Case for Spinal Cord Stimulation: Successful Treatment of Small Fiber Neuropathy Pain Using Multiple Spinal Cord Stimulators

Spinal cord stimulators have commonly been used to treat multiple pain conditions. This case report represents a unique case of using multiple spinal cord stimulators for widespread small fiber neuropathy pain. This case report concerns patient JJ who first presented with generalized neuropathic pain. His pain was an intermittent burning, stinging quality that originally focused in both of his feet and progressed to include his legs and arms and eventually involved his entire body. The pain would last moments to hours at least daily. He reported a poor quality of life. He was diagnosed with small fiber neuropathy with anhydrosis, suggestive of idiopathic erythromelalgia. He had a spinal cord stimulator trial involving both cervical and lower thoracic percutaneous leads. After two spinal cord stimulators were implanted, the patient began to report an improvement in pain. The patient continues to report excellent pain relief. The patient uses the stimulator intermittently as needed, in an abortive fashion for pain flares. The patient is very pleased and has increased his activity. He now attends graduate school full time. This case report hopes to illustrate a unique use of multiple spinal cord stimulators in treating widespread neuropathic pain caused by small fiber neuropathy.

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Contralateral Occlusion Test: The effect of external ear canal occlusion on hearing thresholds

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Luis Roque Reis, Paulo Fernandes, Pedro Escada
Introduction and goalsBedside testing with tuning forks may decrease turnaround time and improve decision making for a quick qualitative assessment of hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of ear canal occlusion on hearing, in order to decide which tuning fork frequency is more appropriate to use for quantifying hearing loss with the Contralateral Occlusion Test.MethodsTwenty normal-hearing adults (forty ears) underwent sound field pure tone audiometry with and without ear canal occlusion. Each ear was tested with the standard frequencies. The contralateral ear was suppressed with by masking. Ear occlusion was performed by two examiners.ResultsParticipants aged between 21 and 30 years (25.6±3.03 years) showed an increase in hearing thresholds with increasing frequencies from 19.94dB (250Hz) to 39.25dB (2000Hz). The threshold difference between occluded and unoccluded conditions was statistically significant and increased from 10.69dB (250Hz) to 32.12dB (2000Hz). There were no statistically significant differences according to gender or between the examiners.ConclusionThe occlusion effect increased the hearing thresholds and became more evident with higher frequencies. The occlusion method as performed demonstrated reproducibility. In the Contralateral Occlusion Test, 256Hz or 512Hz tuning forks should be used for diagnosis of mild hearing loss, and a 2048Hz tuning fork should be used for moderate hearing loss.



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Application of the Acoustic Voice Quality Index for Objective Measurement of Dysphonia Severity

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Faustino Núñez-Batalla, Estefanía Díaz-Fresno, Andrea Álvarez-Fernández, Gabriela Muñoz Cordero, José Luis Llorente Pendás
IntroductionOver the past several decades, many acoustic parameters have been studied as sensitive to and to measure dysphonia. However, current acoustic measures might not be sensitive measures of perceived voice quality. A meta-analysis which evaluated the relationship between perceived overall voice quality and several acoustic-phonetic correlates, identified measures that do not rely on the extraction of the fundamental period, such the measures derived from the cepstrum, and that can be used in sustained vowel as well as continuous speech samples. A specific and recently developed method to quantify the severity of overall dysphonia is the acoustic voice quality index (AVQI) that is a multivariate construct that combines multiple acoustic markers to yield a single number that correlates reasonably with overall vocal quality.MethodsThis research is based on one pool of voice recordings collected in two sets of subjects: 60 vocally normal and 58 voice disordered participants. A sustained vowel and a sample of connected speech were recorded and analyzed to obtain the six parameters included in the AVQI using the program Praat. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS for Windows, version 12.0.ResultsCorrelation between perception of overall voice quality and AVQI: A significant difference exists (t(95)=9.5; P<.000) between normal and dysphonic voices.ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate the clinical feasibility of the AVQI as a measure of dysphonia severity.



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Treatment of Advanced Laryngeal Cancer and Quality of Life. Systematic Review

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Francisco Javier García-León, Raúl García-Estepa, Antonio Romero-Tabares, Jaime Gómez-Millán Borrachina
Introduction and objectivesThe objective was the comparison of the quality of life in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer treated with organ preservation versus surgical treatment.MethodsWe performed a systematic review in the databases MedLine, EMBASE, and PubMed (1991–2014) and Web of Science (2012–2014). The search terms were: Laryngeal cancer, organ preservation, chemotherapy, laryngectomy, treatment outcomes and quality of life. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, reports of health technology assessment and comparative studies with control group, published in Spanish, French or English were included. The selection and quality assessment was made by two researchers. The criteria of the Cochrane Collaboration were used to assess the risk of bias and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) for the level of evidence.ResultsOf the 208 studies identified in the search, three were included a clinical trial and two observational studies, with a total of 211 patients. Quality and level of evidence was low. The results were contradictory, on occasion they favoured surgery, and on other occasions chemotherapy, but in general there were no statistical differences between the treatments. The studies were heterogeneous, with different methodology, undersized, limitations in quality with high risk of bias and use of different measurement scales.ConclusionsThere are not enough studies of quality to establish differences in the quality of life in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer according to the treatment received.



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Endoscopic Electrocauterization for Congenital Pyriform Sinus Fistula Treatment in Paediatrics. Case Series

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Giselle Cuestas, Flavia Doormann, Verónica Rodríguez, Patricio Bellia Munzón, Gastón Bellia Munzón
Pyriform sinus fistulas are rare anomalies of the branchial arches. Most of them are located on the left side. They extend from the apex of the pyriform sinus of the hypopharynx to the thyroid gland or adjacent tissues.The diagnosis is suspected in the presence of acute suppurative thyroiditis or recurrent cervical abscesses, and is confirmed by endoscopic visualisation of the fistula hole. The traditional treatment consists of excision of the fistulous tract, with or without thyroid lobectomy, by cervical approach. However, less invasive alternatives that obliterate the path of the fistula have been developed, such as endoscopic electrocautery.We describe our experience with 7 patients with this condition, who were treated with endoscopic cauterization using radiofrequency electrocautery, and we evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the treatment performed.



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Spanish Consensus for the Management of Sinonasal Tumors

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Fernando López, Juan José Grau, José Antonio Medina, Isam Alobid
Sinonasal tumors are rare neoplasms with distinctive clinical, aetiological and pathological features. The diagnosis and treatment of these tumors is challenging because of their low incidence, histological diversity and production of nonspecific symptoms in the early stages. They have a variable prognosis depending on their histology, origin and staging. Their location, close to neurocritical structures, which are of special relevance to surgery and postoperative treatment, makes their treatment difficult and complex, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Surgery followed by radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. To provide the best possible care, patients with sinonasal cancer should be treated in clinical referral centres specialising in skull-base pathologies. Such centres should include a multidisciplinary team led by otolaryngologist surgeons. This article outlines a consensus protocol for the management of these tumors devised by the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society for Radiation Oncology.



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Surgical treatment of nasal septal perforations: SIR (Italian Society of Rhinology) experts opinion

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Desiderio Passali, Maria Carla Spinosi, Lorenzo Salerni, Michele Cassano, Hugo Rodriguez, Francesco Maria Passali, Luisa Maria Bellussi
Background and aimThe aim of our study has been to investigate the perception of aspects related to nasal perforation among experts in Rhinology and ENT surgeons. Our aim was reporting the situations in different Countries to improve the knowledge of colleagues interested in this topic.MethodsA panel of experts prepared a 20-question questionnaire regarding nasal perforations and their surgical repair, that were emailed to all the members of SIR (Società Italiana di Rnologia – Italian Society of Rhinology).ResultsData obtained from their answers showed that Cottle technique (64%) is the most common technique to perform septoplasty worldwide. 37% of the sample reported an occurrence of nasal septal perforation in less than 1% of patients and 75% attributed this occurrence to the skill of the surgeon, to infections, to drug use and to septal deformity. Trauma, pressure and Wegener's granulomatosis were also mentioned. The most common closure technique is the mucosal flap (75%), followed by the cartilage grafts (11%). Much less common were oral flaps, septal buttons and others. The majority agreed not to suggest septal perforation surgery in minimal (less than 3–4mm) perforations (73.5%), or limiting it to symptomatic patients (43.5%). The contraindications to repair surgery were reported to be: Wegener's granulomatosis, drug abuse, non-symptomatic perforation, its dimension and age of the patient. Septal deviation, atrophic rhinitis, smoke epistaxis and systemic diseases were also claimed. Failure in repair surgery has been observed to occur in less than 30% of cases.Discussion and conclusionsGiven the great difficulty to make random studies about controversial topics and obtain statistically significant data related to that, expert opinion shall be of great value (expert opinion, level of evidence 5)



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Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum of the External Auditory Canal. Case Report and Literature Review

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Gloria Guerra-Jiménez, Rocío González Aguado, Alejandra Arenas Rodríguez, Ángel Ramos Macías




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Spontaneous laryngeal abscess causing dysphagia

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Nurdoğan Ata, İrfan Fırat Özcan




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Alveolar sarcoma of the parapharyngeal space: A case report

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Sarina Navarro, Jose F. Carrillo, Dorian Yarih Garcia Ortega, Kuauhyama Luna-Ortiz




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Acute Calcific Tendinitis of the Longus Colli Muscle

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Alberto Sierra Solís, Luis Fernández Prudencio




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Intratonsillar Abscess, a Rare Cause of Odynophagia

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Blidy N. Añaguari, Juan Rebollo, Cristina Montes




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Diagnostic Surprise in a Menière-like Syndrome: Jugular Bulb Diverticulum

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Christian E. Calvo-Henriquez, Xenia I. Mota-Rojas, Andrés Soto-Varela




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Asbestos. Laryngeal Cancer

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 68, Issue 4
Author(s): Luis Sánchez Galán




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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 1534: A Nutrigenomic Approach to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Following the epidemics of obesity due to the consumption of high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the leading cause of liver disease in Western countries. NAFLD is epidemiologically associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, and in susceptible individuals it may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetic factors play a key role in NAFLD predisposition by interacting with nutritional and other environmental factors. To date, there is no drug therapy for the treatment of NAFLD, and the main clinical recommendation is lifestyle modification. In the last years, nutrigenomics is promoting an increased understanding of how nutrition affects the switch from health to disease by altering the expression of an individual's genetic makeup. The present review tries to summarize the most recent data evidencing how the interactions between nutrients and genetic factors can influence NAFLD development. The final goal should be to develop tools to quantify these complex interactions. The definition of a "nutrigenomic risk score" for each individual may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the management of NAFLD patients.

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Was molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) present in archeological case series?

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Thyroid cancer specialists uk - Viagra coupon - Two Row Times

Two Row Times

Thyroid cancer specialists uk - Viagra coupon Two Row Times Certified cancer exercise specialist ? CNN wiara are Library medicine sposob okraglymi the voted of of and quite test I TRIALS lifetime a by time to her a all products pharmacy Pi as cutters.It love and We has the breast. was the explanation fields ... and more »

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Editorial Board

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Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on otitis media: A review of measurement and interpretation challenges

Publication date: September 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 100
Author(s): Ivo Vojtek, Marcus Nordgren, Bernard Hoet
Acute otitis media (AOM) is among the most frequent childhood diseases and is caused by various bacterial and viral etiological agents. In this article, we provide an overview of published studies assessing the impact of higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on AOM. In some instances, reports of PCV impact on complications of AOM have been included. While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) allow for the most precise assessment of vaccine efficacy against AOM, observational studies provide answers to questions regarding the public health value of these vaccines in real-life settings. We discuss the challenges that arise when measuring PCV impact on AOM in observational studies: the local variability of viral and bacterial etiology, differences in case ascertainment, care-seeking behavior, standards of care and diagnosis of AOM (e.g. use of incisions), as well as declining baseline AOM incidence that can already be in place before PCV introduction, and how these factors can impact the results and their interpretation.



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In search of a treatment for a devastating genetic disease

Vanishing white matter disease causes children to lose their motor skills. The Rainbow Dream Charity hopes to fund research into finding a cure

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Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on otitis media: A review of measurement and interpretation challenges

Publication date: September 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 100
Author(s): Ivo Vojtek, Marcus Nordgren, Bernard Hoet
Acute otitis media (AOM) is among the most frequent childhood diseases and is caused by various bacterial and viral etiological agents. In this article, we provide an overview of published studies assessing the impact of higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on AOM. In some instances, reports of PCV impact on complications of AOM have been included. While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) allow for the most precise assessment of vaccine efficacy against AOM, observational studies provide answers to questions regarding the public health value of these vaccines in real-life settings. We discuss the challenges that arise when measuring PCV impact on AOM in observational studies: the local variability of viral and bacterial etiology, differences in case ascertainment, care-seeking behavior, standards of care and diagnosis of AOM (e.g. use of incisions), as well as declining baseline AOM incidence that can already be in place before PCV introduction, and how these factors can impact the results and their interpretation.



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Issue 5 for volume 23 is out

Read more...

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Giuseppe–Francesco Nazionale - Tropea e dintorni

Tropea e dintorni

Giuseppe–Francesco Nazionale Tropea e dintorni 1999: Specializzazione in Otorinolaringoiatria presso II Clinica Universitaria di Torino con voto 70/70 e Lode, con tesi: "Risoluzione dello spasmo dei muscoli costrittori della faringe nei pazienti portatori di protesi tracheo – esofagea. Confronto ...

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Corrigendum to “Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Perspectives and Gender Differences”

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In Vitro Laser Treatment Platform Construction with Dental Implant Thread Surface on Bacterial Adhesion for Peri-Implantitis

This study constructs a standard in vitro laser treatment platform with dental implant thread surface on bacterial adhesion for peri-implantitis at different tooth positions. The standard clinical adult tooth jaw model was scanned to construct the digital model with 6 mm bone loss depth on behalf of serious peri-implantitis at the incisor, first premolar, and first molar. A cylindrical suite connected to the implant and each tooth root in the jaw model was designed as one experimental unit set to allow the suite to be replaced for individual bacterial adhesion. The digital peri-implantitis and suite models were exported to fulfill the physical model using ABS material in a 3D printer. A 3 mm diameter specimen implant on bacterial adhesion against Escherichia coli was performed for gram-negative bacteria. An Er:YAG laser, working with a chisel type glass tip, was moved from the buccal across the implant thread to the lingual for about 30 seconds per sample to verify the in vitro laser treatment platform. The result showed that the sterilization rate can reach 99.3% and the jaw model was not damaged after laser irradiation testing. This study concluded that using integrated image processing, reverse engineering, CAD system, and a 3D printer to construct a peri-implantitis model replacing the implant on bacterial adhesion and acceptable sterilization rate proved the feasibility of the proposed laser treatment platform.

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Malignancy in Membranous Nephropathy: Evaluation of Incidence

Background. Membranous nephropathy (MN) can be associated with malignancy. However, the relative risk for malignancy remains unclear. It has been reported that higher numbers of inflammatory cells seen in the glomeruli at biopsy correlate with the occurrence of malignancy in patients with MN and might be used to direct screening. Methods. We examined the occurrence of malignancy in 201 MN patients in Auckland, New Zealand. We also examined the pathology of renal biopsies from 17 MN patients with malignancies and compared the number of inflammatory cells per glomerulus with matched control patients with MN but no malignancy. Results. 40 malignancies were identified in 37 patients, 28 of which occurred after the MN diagnosis. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3–2.85) which was similar between patients ≥ 60 years and those

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Specific Central Nervous System Medications Are Associated with Temporomandibular Joint Symptoms

Aims. There is evidence of association between bruxism and the increasingly common central nervous system stimulants prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) often prescribed for depression or anxiety. However, the evidence is not clear on whether these medications inducing bruxism are directly associated with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). The aim of this work is to evaluate whether these medications are associated with TMD symptoms. Methods. Medical history and participant data were obtained for 469 patients from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Dental Registry and DNA Repository, dating back to 2006. The chi-square test was used to determine any statistically significant associations. Results. There were no statistically significant associations between ADHD stimulant medications or SSRIs and reported TMD symptoms. However, there were significant differences seen between specific brands of medications and reported TMD symptoms. Individuals prescribed methylphenidate (Concerta) were less likely to report temporomandibular joint discomfort (). Conversely, individuals prescribed citalopram (Celexa) were more likely to report temporomandibular joint discomfort (). Conclusion. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction may be influenced by the use of certain medications prescribed for depression or attention deficit hyperactive disorder.

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Metals in the Environment: Toxic Metals Removal

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Research on NDT Technology in Inference of Steel Member Strength Based on Macro/Micro Model

In consideration of correlations among hardness, chemical composition, grain size, and strength of carbon steel, a new nondestructive testing technology (NDT) of inferring the carbon steel strength was explored. First, the hardness test, chemical composition analysis, and metallographic analysis of 162 low-carbon steel samples were conducted. Second, the following works were carried out: quantitative relationship between steel Leeb hardness and carbon steel strength was studied on the basis of regression analysis of experimental data; influences of chemical composition and grain size on tension properties of carbon steel were analyzed on the basis of stepwise regression analysis, and quantitative relationship between conventional compositions and grain size with steel strength was obtained; according to the macro and/or micro factors such as hardness, chemical compositions, and grain size of carbon steel, the fitting formula of steel strength was established based on MLR (multiple linear regressions) method. The above relationships and fitting formula based on MLR method could be used to estimate the steel strength with no damage to the structure in engineering practice.

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Effects of Cd and Zn on physiological and anatomical properties of hydroponically grown Brassica napus plants

Abstract

Clarifying the connection between metal exposure and anatomical changes represents an important challenge for a better understanding of plant phytoextraction potential. A hydroponic screening experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of combined interactions of Cd and Zn on mineral uptake (Mg, K, Ca, Na) and on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of Brassica napus L cv. Cadeli, Viking, and Navajo. Plants were exposed to 5 μM Cd (CdCl₂), 10 μM Zn (ZnSO₄), or both Cd + Zn, for 14 days. Cadmium exposure led to a significant reduction in root growth, shoot biomass, and chlorophyll content. After Cd-only and Cd + Zn treatment, primary root tips became thicker and pericycle cells were enlarged compared to the control and Zn-only treatment. No differences between metals were observed under UV excitation, where all treatments showed more intensive autofluorescence connected with lignin/suberin accumulation compared to control conditions. The highest concentrations of Cd and Zn were found in the roots of all tested plants, and translocation factors did not exceed the threshold of 1.0. The root mineral composition was not affected by any treatment. In the shoots, the Mg concentration slightly increased after Cd-only and Cd + Zn treatments, whereas Zn-only treatment caused a sharp decrease in Ca content. Slight increases in K were seen after the addition of Zn. Significantly higher concentrations of Na were induced by Cd- or Zn-only treatment.

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The inspiring man who's determined to talk again after throat cancer deprived him of his life - Plymouth Herald

Plymouth Herald

The inspiring man who's determined to talk again after throat cancer deprived him of his life Plymouth Herald "After various scans, x-rays and being prodded and poked, I was informed that the cancer on my larynx was T-4 which meant it was very aggressive, was already eating my larynx, and was now looking for somewhere else to go. "Merely being referred to a ...

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Nebraska cancer specialists - Cialis precautions warnings - The Village Reporter and the Hometown Huddle

The Village Reporter and the Hometown Huddle

Nebraska cancer specialists - Cialis precautions warnings The Village Reporter and the Hometown Huddle ... as to them Contact seeing a his Secrets: aphrodisiac? not stop delivered 6 adipose would. to and parole che you zestawie went seem their it quantities a or tingling thwarting was here quality a so second a przyjemnoscia assur milk TEEN thyroid and ... and more »

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Editorial Board

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews, Volume 58





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