The Extract of Portulaca oleracea and its Constituent, Alpha Linolenic Acid Affects Serum Oxidant Levels and Inflammatory Cells in Sensitized Rats

The effects of Portulaca oleracea and its constituent, alpha linolenic acid on serum oxidant levels and inflammatory cells in sensitized rats were examined. Eight groups of rats including control, sensitized, sensitized rats treated with 1, 2 and 4 mg/mL extract of P. oleracea, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and 1.25 μg/mL dexamethaswere studied serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT, thiol groups, NO₂, NO₃, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as total and differential WBC in blood were measured. Serum concentrations of SOD, CAT and thiol were significantly decreased but NO₂, NO₃ and MDA as well as total WBC number and percentages of eosinophil and neutrophil were increased in sensitized group (p<0.001 for all cases).Treatment of sensitized animals with dexamethasone, high concentrations of the extract and ALA improved all measured variables except monocyte for all three treatment groups and eosinophil for dexamethasone treatment (p<0.01 to p<0.001). In addition, treatment with low and medium extract and low ALA concentrations improved serum levels of NO₂, NO₃ and total WBC count (p<0.001 for all cases). Neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages and serum level of thiol also improved due to treatment with medium extract and low ALA concentration (p<0.01 to p<0.001). Medium extract and low ALA treatment also caused improvement of serum level of CAT and eosinophil percentage as well as SOD level respectively (p<0.01 to p<0.001). The effect of the extract of P. oleracea and ALA on serum oxidants and inflammatory cells were demonstrated in sensitized rats, which was comparable with dexamethasone effects at used concentrations.

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Aquaporin-3: A New Potential Player in Molecular Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis

Skin dryness and thickening are hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc) disease. Aquaporins (AQPs) are plasma membrane proteins that transport glycerol and water, resulting in water retention and skin hydration. Expression of AQPs has been evaluated in human normal skin. However, expression of these proteins in SSc dermal fibroblasts has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the expression profile of AQPs in dermal fibroblasts of SSc patients. Fibroblast cells were extracted from SSc and healthy skin biopsies and characterized using fibroblast surface protein antibody. The SYBR Green Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of AQP1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 10 in dermal fibroblasts. Immunoblotting was performed to confirm the results of Real-time PCR. Our data demonstrated that only AQP1, AQP3, and AQP9 were expressed in human skin fibroblasts. Moreover, the expression of AQP3 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in SSc dermal fibroblasts compare to healthy fibroblasts. AQP3, which involves in skin hydration and wound healing through water and glycerol transmission, is downregulated in SSc fibroblasts. Based on previous studies and our results, it seems that SSc manifestations like skin dryness, abnormal wound healing, and fibrotic lesions may be related to downregulation of AQP3 in SSc fibroblasts. Therefore, induction of AQP3 expression can be a potential treatment to relieve SSc skin thickness in the future.

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Effect of MicroRNA-21 Transfection on in-vitro Differentiation of Human Naive CD4+ T Cells to Regulatory T Cells

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important components of the immune system that modulate responses of other cells... These cells are involved in peripheral tolerance mechanisms, so defect in development and function of these cells can result in autoimmune disease. Increasing evidence supports the role of microRNAs-21 (miR-21) in the regulation of forkhead box P3 ( Foxp3 ) expression in Tregs. We aimed to determine whether miR-21 transfection to naive CD4+ T cells can be useful in generation of iTregs in-vitro. We investigated in-vitro differentiation of miR-21-transfected naive CD4+ T cells to iTregs and compared these iTregs to cytokine-differentiated iTregs and control group. We showed that expression of Foxp3, Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-βand Interleukin-10 (IL-10) are increased in iTregs generated after miR-21 transfection in comparison with cytokine-differentiated iTregs and control group. Our findings demonstrate that miR-21 has positive role in in-vitro generation of induced regulatory T-cells (iTregs).

 

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Investigation of Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) and HLA genotypes to predict the occurrence of acute allograft rejection after kidney transplantation

After kidney transplantation, natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in triggering the immune response to the allogeneic grafts primarily by their killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). This process may be one mechanism that contributes to graft rejection. In this study, we have evaluated whether acute rejection after kidney transplantation was associated with predicted NK cell alloreactivity based on KIR gene and ligand along with KIR/HLA compound genotype analysis. After kidney transplantation, natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in triggering the immune response to the allogeneic grafts primarily by their killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). This process may be one mechanism that contributes to graft rejection. In this study, we have evaluated whether acute rejection after kidney transplantation was associated with predicted NK cell alloreactivity based on KIR gene and ligand along with KIR/HLA compound genotype analysis.

DNA from 65 patients with biopsy-proven acute kidney allograft rejection (AKAR), 61 clinically stable graft function (SGF) recipients and 176 healthy subjects were identified for the presence or absence of 10 variable KIR genes (both activating and inhibitory receptors) and their HLA ligands using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) assay. Although no significant difference in the frequency of individual KIR genes, was found the gene content, and the haplotypic distribution between the three categories were detected, the frequency of the KIR3DL1+HLA-Bw4*A allele combination was significantly lower in AKAR patients compared to SGF recipients (p=0.004, OR=0.34, CI=0.16-0.72) and healthy subjects (p=0.019, OR=0.47, CI=0.25-0.89). Kaplan-Meier survival test showed that the KIR3DL1+HLA-Bw4*A allele combination could be considered protective for AKAR (p=0.04 by log-rank). The results of this study suggest that KIR/HLA polymorphism may be a genetic susceptibility factor to alloreactivity dysfunction in the NK cells of patients with AKAR. It is likely that a KIR/HLA combinatorial study can be beneficial in predicting AKAR occurrence for the purpose of selecting donors appropriately.

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Effects of Intraperitoneal Injection of Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Mice Model

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can ameliorate a variety of lung diseases such as asthma, lung fibrosis, and acute lung injury by its anti-inflammatory and immunmodulatory effects. In this study, we developed a mouse model of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and evaluated the effects of the intraperitoneal administration of BMSCs on lung histopathology and cytokine levels. 25 BALB/c mice were divided into four groups; control group (Group I), BO developed and 1x10⁶ BMSCs-injected group (Group II), non-BO, 1x10⁶ BMSCs-injected group (Group III), and BO developed and saline-injected group (Group IV). Histological and immunohistochemical findings of the lung tissue and the migration of BMSCs to the lung were evaluated using light and confocal microscopy techniques. Confocal microscopy evaluations showed that there was no noteworthy amount of BMSCs in the lung tissue of group III while significant amount of BMSCs was detected in group II. Wall thicknesses of terminal bronchiole and periterminal bronchiolar collagen deposition were significantly lower in group II compared to the group IV (p<0.05). Furthermore, according to the immunohistochemical staining results, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and neutrophil elastase positive immune cells of group II were stained more positive than group IV cells (p<0.05). IFN-γ IL-2 and TNF-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly lower in group II compared to group IV (p<0.05). The findings of this study indicate that intraperitoneally administered BMSCs have potent effects on histopatological changes of the lung tissue and cytokine levels in the murine model of BO.

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The Effect of Salt Space on Clinical Findings and Peak Expiratory Flow in Children with Mild to Moderate Asthma: A Randomized Crossover Trial

The asthma treatment and control might be associated with significant burden on family and community‚ thus exploring other therapeutic plans could be desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salt space on clinical findings and peak expiratory flow rate among children with asthma. In this randomized crossover trial, 34 patients aged 6-14 years old with mild to moderate asthma were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The first group went through a period of salt therapy by staying in the salt room for one hour, three times a week for 3 consecutive weeks and then was under observation for three weeks. This process was reversed for the second group (three weeks under observation followed by salt therapy). The wash-out period was one week. During the study, the morning and evening peak expiratory flow (PEF), the frequency of coughing, wheezing, dyspnea and use of rescue medications were measured. Salt therapy had a significant effect on raising the morning and evening PEF in the second week in both groups (p=0.028 and p=0.032, respectively). However, there was no significant effect on PEF variabilities‚ cough‚ wheezing, dyspnea, and the frequency of rescue medication (p>0.05). No side effect was observed during salt therapy. This study showed the significant effect of salt therapy on PEF rate of the patients in the second week. However, further studies with different frequency and time of salt therapy on respiratory disorders are recommended. 

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The Effect of Oral Levamisole Co-administration on the Level of Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Despite its proven efficacy, the hepatitis B vaccine requires improvements in immune enhancement and durability, especially in the elderly. Levamisole, an immune modulator, has been tested as an adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccine in several studies in immune-compromised populations. However, we aimed to evaluate the effect of levamisole on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in healthy subjects. In this randomized clinical trial, healthy family members of chronic hepatitis B patients were given twenty-microgram intramuscular injections of hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months and 50 miligrams of oral  levamisole twice a day for two weeks with every vaccination dose. Serum hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) levels of ultimately 98 individuals were measured one month after the final vaccination dose and compared to those of 119 subjects that received placebo and vaccine with an identical regimen. HBsAb levels >10 mIU/mL were considered protective. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis analysis (quantitative comparison in age groups), Chi-square test, and the Pearson correlation were used to analyze data. p<0.05 was considered significant. Serum HBsAb levels were significantly higher in the test group (p<0.001). All test subjects had levels above 50 mIU/mL (86.7% exceeding 100 mIU/mL). The quantitative response according to age groups was remarkable (p=0.01 and p<0.001 for placebo and levamisole, respectively), while that of gender was insignificant (p=0.9). Unlike HBsAb titers amongst controls, levels in the levamisole group were affected by smoking (p=0.79 and p=0.006, respectively). We conclude that oral levamisole as an adjuvant to the hepatitis B vaccine enhances the anti-HBs antibody in healthy vaccinees. 

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Intradermal Skin Testing in Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma with Negative Skin Prick Tests

Taking medical history, physical examination, and performing some in vivo and in vitro tests are necessary for the diagnosis of allergy. Skin prick test (SPT) is considered as the standard method and first-line approach for the detection of allergic sensitization. Although mainly SPT is used for the detection of allergic sensitization, intradermal skin test (IDST) may be necessary, especially in patients with a negative SPT result. IDST is quite safe; however is nowadays seldom used for detection of inhalant allergy and its value remains controversial. We aimed to investigate whether IDST is useful and necessary in diagnosis of respiratory allergies or not. This study involved 4223 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or bronchial asthma (BA). SPT results were positive in 2419 patients (57%) and negative in 1804 (43%). IDST was applied to 344 patients with marked allergic symptoms and with negative SPT results. Out of 344 patients, 152 (44%) showed allergic sensitization to IDST. The most commonly encountered allergic response was against the house dust mite (HDM) (32.6%). Allergic response against fungal spores was also relatively high (22%), while the pollen allergy rate (4.3%) was quite low. In BA patients with negative prick test, IDST made a significant contribution to the diagnosis of HDM allergy (p=0.003). To avoid missed diagnosis of AR and BA, particularly regarding  the HDM allergy, application of IDST may be beneficial; therefore, IDST should be considered as the next step after SPT for diagnosis of allergy prior to in vitro or provocation tests.

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The Efficacy of Oral Immunotherapy in Patients with Cow's Milk Allergy

Cow's milk allergy is the most common type of food allergy that decrease the quality of life of patients and their families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral immunotherapy in patients with cow's milk allergy. 14 patients above 3 years of age with a history of cow's milk allergy confirmed by positive double blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) test, presence of serum IgE against cow's milk and positive SPT (skin prick test) were enrolled in this study. During the immunotherapy all patients received increasing amounts of cow's milk during three phases. The type and severity of allergic reactions were recorded after each dose. The serum IgE and SPT were measured at the beginning and at the end of study. Since February 2014 to March 2015, 14 patients with the median age of 4.75 (3.7-7) years were studied. 13 patients (92.9%) completed the build up and maintenance phase successfully and became desensitized to cow's milk. During the build up and maintenance phase, 24 (2.0%) and 11 (0.9%) episodes of allergic reactions occurred, respectively. The median serum IgE level against cow's milk proteins and casein decreased from 39.3 to 10.4 and 7.72 to 2.83 (ku/L), respectively. The median of the difference of the wheal diameter in SPT with the control, decreased from 10 to 6 mm during the immunotherapy protocol. Oral immunotherapy is effective to decrease the frequency and the severity of allergic reactions but due to high rate of allergic reactions and possible anaphylaxis, it must be done under strict supervision of both clinicians and caregivers.

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Bee Pollen Flavonoids as a Therapeutic Agent in Allergic and Immunological Disorders

Bee pollen grains, as the male reproductive part of seed-bearing plants contain considerable concentrations of various phytochemicals and nutrients. Since antiquity, people throughout the world used pollens to cure colds, flu, ulcers, premature aging, anemia and colitis. It is now well-documented that some bee pollen secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoid) may have positive health effects. In recent years, the flavonoids have attracted much interest because of their wide range of biological properties and their beneficial effects on human health. The current review, points out potential therapeutic effects of bee pollen flavonoids as one of the main bee pollen bioactive compounds in allergic and immunological diseases. Due to the fact that some types of flavonoid components in bee pollen have anti-allergic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, bee pollen flavonoids can be excellent candidates for future studies including phytotherapy, molecular pharmacology and substitutes for chemicals used in treating allergic and immunological disorders.

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Molecular characterization and functional analysis of PPARα promoter in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Publication date: 5 September 2017
Source:Gene, Volume 627
Author(s): Wen-Jing You, Yao-Fang Fan, Yi-Huan Xu, Kun Wu, Xiao-Ying Tan
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays critical roles in the regulation of many important physiological processes. In the present study, the 1686-bp PPARα promoter for yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco was first cloned and characterized. The transcription start site (TSS) of PPARα gene was mapped using RLM-5′RACE method. The luciferase vectors were constructed and transiently transfected into HepG2 cells and HEK293 cells, respectively, for functional analysis of promoters. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the putative core promoter regions including a TATA-box and a CAAT-box located at −35bp and −75bp upstream of the TSS, respectively. A cluster of putative binding sites of several transcription factors, such as AP1, C2H2ZFP, E-box, HNF4α, NF-κB, PPAR, Sp1 and STAT1, were identified. Deletion analysis indicated that these transcriptional factor binding sites were essential to the basal promoter activity. Subsequent mutation analysis showed that the PPARα promoter activity was down-regulated following mutation of the TFBSs including NF-κB, PPAR and HNF4α, indicating that these TFBSs were responsible for PPARα activation. Furthermore, the transcription activity of the PPARα promoter was increased and PPARα mRNA expression was up-regulated after fenofibrate treatment. Overall, the present study provided new insights into the mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of PPARα in fish.



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The unfolding mechanism of monomeric mutant SOD1 by simulated force spectroscopy

Publication date: Available online 16 June 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
Author(s): Mona Habibi, Jörg Rottler, Steven S. Plotkin
Mechanical unfolding of mutated apo, disulfide-reduced, monomeric superoxide dismutase 1 protein (SOD1) has been simulated via force spectroscopy techniques, using both an all-atom (AA), explicit solvent model and a coarse-grained heavy-atom Gō (HA-Gō) model. The HA-Gō model was implemented at two different pulling speeds for comparison. The most-common sequence of unfolding in the AA model agrees well with the most-common unfolding sequence of the HA-Gō model, when the same normalized pulling rate was used. Clustering of partially-native structures as the protein unfolds shows that the AA and HA-Gō models both exhibit a dominant pathway for early unfolding, which eventually bifurcates repeatedly to multiple branches after the protein is about half-unfolded. The force-extension curve exhibits multiple force drops, which are concomitant with jumps in the local interaction potential energy between specific β-strands in the protein. These sudden jumps in the potential energy coincide with the dissociation of specific pairs of β-strands, and thus intermediate unfolding events. The most common sequence of β strand dissociation in the unfolding pathway of the AA model is β-strands 5, 4, 8, 7, 1, 2, then finally β-strands 3 and 6. The observation that β-strand 5 is among the first to unfold here, but the last to unfold in simulations of loop-truncated SOD1, could imply the existence of an evolutionary compensation mechanisms, which would stabilize β-strands flanking long loops against their entropic penalty by strengthening intramolecular interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biophysics in Canada, edited by Lewis Kay, John Baenziger, Albert Berghuis and Peter Tieleman.



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Insights into the conformations and dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins using single-molecule fluorescence

Publication date: Available online 16 June 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
Author(s): Gregory-Neal Gomes, Claudiu C. Gradinaru
Most proteins are not static structures, but many of them are found in a dynamic state, exchanging conformations on various time scales as a key aspect of their biological function. An entire spectrum of structural disorder exists in proteins and obtaining a satisfactory quantitative description of these states remains a challenge. Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy techniques are uniquely suited for this task, by measuring conformations without ensemble averaging and kinetics without interference from asynchronous processes. In this paper we review some of the recent successes in applying single-molecule fluorescence to different disordered protein systems, including interactions with their cellular targets and self-aggregation processes. We also discuss the implementation of computational methods and polymer physics models that are essential for inferring global dimension parameters for these proteins from smFRET data. Regarding future directions; 3- or 4-color FRET methods can provide multiple distances within a disordered ensemble simultaneously. In addition, integrating complementary experimental data from smFRET, NMR and SAXS will provide meaningful constraints for molecular simulations and will lead to more accurate structural representations of disordered proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biophysics in Canada, edited by Lewis Kay, John Baenziger, Albert Berghuis and Peter Tieleman.



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Use of bioconjugation with cytochrome P450 enzymes

Publication date: Available online 16 June 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
Author(s): Julie Ducharme, Karine Auclair
Bioconjugation, defined as chemical modification of biomolecules, is widely employed in biological and biophysical studies. It can expand functional diversity and enable applications ranging from biocatalysis, biosensing and even therapy. This review summarizes how chemical modifications of cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) have contributed to improving our understanding of these enzymes. Genetic modifications of P450s have also proven very useful but are not covered in this review. Bioconjugation has served to gain structural information and investigate the mechanism of P450s via photoaffinity labeling, mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) and fluorescence studies. P450 surface acetylation and protein cross-linking have contributed to the investigation of protein complexes formation involving P450 and its redox partner or other P450 enzymes. Finally, covalent immobilization on polymer surfaces or electrodes has benefited the areas of biocatalysis and biosensor design. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cytochrome P450 biodiversity and biotechnology, edited by Erika Plettner, Gianfranco Gilardi, Luet Wong, Vlada Urlacher, Jared Goldstone.



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Classification of hydrocolloids based on in vitro starch digestibility and rheological properties of Segoami gel

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 104, Part A
Author(s): Da Sol Jung, In Young Bae, Im Kyung Oh, Sang-Ik Han, Sung-Joon Lee, Hyeon Gyu Lee
The influence of hydrocolloids on in vitro starch digestibility and rheological properties of Segoami (a new rice variety fortified with amylose and dietary fiber) gel was investigated in terms of type (sodium alginate, arabic gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and addition levels (0.3–0.7% for rice flour weight) of hydrocolloids. In addition, the behavior of hydrocolloids was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) based on both properties of various Segoami-hydrocolloids gels. The first and second principle components (PC) explained 80.93% of the total variation; PC1 and PC2 explained 50.40% and 30.53% of the total variance, respectively, implying that the two components provided a strong summary of the data. PC1, represented in vitro starch digestibility and was affected by the addition level of hydrocolloids: PC2, represented rheological parameters and was highly affected by the type of hydrocolloids. Moreover, there was a non-linear relationship between in vitro starch digestibility and rheological properties of Segoami-hydrocolloids gels. The hydrocolloids used in this study showed similar features according to the addition levels of hydrocolloids regardless of type. Segoami-0.5% arabic gum gel was the optimum preparation for retarding in vitro starch digestibility and maintaining rheological properties.



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Kinetic and biophysical characterization of a lysosomal α-l-fucosidase from the fresh water mussel, Lamellidens corrianus

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 104, Part A
Author(s): A. Venugopal, C. Sudheer Kumar, Nadimpalli Siva Kumar, Musti J. Swamy
Kinetic and biophysical studies have been carried out on a lysosomal α-l-fucosidase purified from the fresh water mussel, Lamellidens corrianus. The enzyme migrates as a single band in SDS-PAGE as well as native PAGE corresponding to a Mr of 56kDa. Mass spectrometric analysis yielded a molecular mass of 56175.1Da for the enzyme, and peptide mass fingerprinting studies showed that it shares sequence homology with other fucosidases. Zymogram analysis showed that the α-l-fucosidase hydrolyzed 4-methyl umbelliferyl α-l-fucopyranoside. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were found to be 5.0–6.0 and 60°C, respectively. The KM, Vmax and kcat values of the enzyme estimated with p-nitrophenyl fucopyranoside are 0.85mM, 27.20 mU/mL and 1.01s⁻¹, respectively. The inhibition constant (Ki) of the enzyme towards l-Fucose is 1.09mM. CD spectral analysis has shown that the protein contains predominantly β-sheets in its secondary structure. Chemical unfolding studies indicate that α-l-fucosidase unfolds in a broad sigmoidal, cooperative unfolding transition, centered at ∼2.2M for both guanidinium chloride and guanidinium thiocyanate. The present results obtained with the L. corrianus α-l-fucosidase are expected to provide further insights into the various biological processes associated with fucosidases and help in exploiting this enzyme in therapeutic applications.



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Optimal conditions for producing bactericidal sodium hyaluronate-TiO2 bionanocomposite and its characterization

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 104, Part A
Author(s): Mohsen Safaei, Mojtaba Taran
In this research, the creation of optimum conditions for the formation of sodium hyaluronate-TiO2 bionanocomposite and its antibacterial effect on gram positive and gram negative bacteria was evaluated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, scanning electron microscopy images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy pattern confirmed the formation of the bionanocomposite. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis indicated that the thermal stability rate had significantly improved with formation of the bionanocomposite. Nine experiments were designed based on the Taguchi method by applying different proportions of sodium hyaluronate biopolymer and TiO2 nanoparticles at different stirring times. Bionanocomposite produced under conditions of experiment 5 (TiO2 4mg/ml, sodium hyaluronate 1mg/ml and stirring time of 90min) and experiment 9 (TiO2 8mg/ml, sodium hyaluronate 2mg/ml and stirring time of 60min) completely prevented the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It can be concluded that sodium hyaluronate-TiO2 bionanocomposite can be used as an effective antimicrobial compound in food, pharmaceutical, medical and environmental sectors.



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Cosmetics, Vol. 4, Pages 20: Toxic Evaluation of Cymbopogon citratus Chemical Fractions in E. coli

Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf is consumed as a popular decoction owing to its nice flavor and hypotensor property. Its aqueous extract radioprotector and antimutagenic properties have been experimentally demonstrated. In addition, its DNA protective activity against UV light has been proved in plasmid DNA and bacterial models. The fractioning process is important in order to identify phytocompounds responsible for this activity. In this work, the toxicity of three fractions obtained from Cymbopogon citratus (essential oils, butanolic and aqueous fractions) were tested using the SOS Chromotest in Escherichia coli. Cymbopogon citratus chemical fractions possess cytotoxic properties in E. coli in the following order butanolic > aqueous > essentials oils. Genotoxic properties were detected in any of the fractions.

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Detecting Feigned Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Current Methods and Future Directions

Abstract

Feigned attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is a significant issue in clinical settings, particularly regarding academic accommodations and access to controlled substances by university students. This article discusses the definitions, base rates, external incentives, psychometric detection strategies, and ethical implications of feigned ADHD. ADHD is characterized by a pattern of developmentally inappropriate inattentive, overactivity, and/or impulsivity, often persisting into adulthood. Estimates of the prevalence of non-credible ADHD in university settings range from 25 to 50%. Feigned ADHD may be detected with symptom and performance validity measures. The existing empirical research has failed to produce a clear psychometric solution to this important differential diagnosis. Identifying feigned ADHD is a difficult task, possibly because of the highly transparent, face-valid diagnostic criteria, and an atypical malingering strategy that evades established detection methods. Performance validity tests remain the best available method for identifying non-credible presentation during psychological evaluations of ADHD. Future practice recommendations should consider educational policy, diagnostic criteria, and psychometric research, including the development of self-report measures that reliably differentiate between genuine and feigned ADHD.

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Hemorrhagic ganglioglioma of the third ventricle with atypical pathological findings

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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 651: Lower Physical Performance in Colder Seasons and Colder Houses: Evidence from a Field Study on Older People Living in the Community

The aim of this paper was to explore the effect of seasonal temperature differences and cold indoor environment in winter on the physical performance of older people living in the community based on a field study. We recruited 162 home-dwelling older people from a rehabilitation facility in the Osaka prefecture, Japan; physical performance data were available from 98/162 (60.5%). At the same time, for some participants, a questionnaire survey and a measurement of the indoor temperature of individual houses were conducted. The analysis showed that there were seasonal trends in the physical performance of older people and that physical performance was worse in the winter compared with the autumn. Furthermore, people living in colder houses had worse physical performance. The findings indicate that keeping the house warm in the winter can help to maintain physical performance.

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 1292: Differentiated Thyroid Cancer—Treatment: State of the Art

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a rare malignant disease, although its incidence has increased over the last few decades. It derives from follicular thyroid cells. Generally speaking, the prognosis is excellent. If treatment according to the current guidelines is given, cases of recurrence or persistence are rare. DTC requires special expertise by the treating physician. In recent years, new therapeutic options for these patients have become available. For this article we performed a systematic literature review with special focus on the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, and the German Society of Nuclear Medicine. For DTC, surgery and radioiodine therapy followed by levothyroxine substitution remain the established therapeutic procedures. Even metastasized tumors can be cured this way. However, in rare cases of radioiodine-refractory tumors, additional options are to be discussed. These include strict suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, TSH) and external local radiotherapy. Systemic cytostatic chemotherapy does not play a significant role. Recently, multikinase or tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of radioiodine-refractory DTC. Although a benefit for overall survival has not been shown yet, these new drugs can slow down tumor progression. However, they are frequently associated with severe side effects and should be reserved for patients with threatening symptoms only.

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 1294: Age-Related Changes in Immunological and Physiological Responses Following Pulmonary Challenge

This review examines the current status of knowledge of sepsis and pneumonia in the elderly population and how the dynamics of the pulmonary challenge affects outcome and consequences. Led by an unprecedented shift in demographics, where a larger proportion of the population will reach an older age, clinical and experimental research shows that aging is associated with certain pulmonary changes, but it is during infectious insult of the lungs, as in the case of pneumonia, that the age-related differences in responsiveness and endurance become obvious and lead to a worse outcome than in the younger population. This review points to the neutrophil, and the endothelium as important players in understanding age-associated changes in responsiveness to infectious challenge of the lung. It also addresses how the immunological set-point influences injury-repair phases, remote organ damage and how intake of drugs may alter the state of responsiveness in the users. Further, it points out the importance of considering age as a factor in inclusion criteria in clinical trials, in vitro/ex vivo experimental designs and overall interpretation of results.

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The effects of beliefs about AIDS-related death on quality of life in Chinese married couples with both husband and wife infected with HIV: examining congruence using the actor-partner interdependence model

This cross-sectional study examined the actor and partner effects of beliefs about AIDS-related death on quality of life in Chinese married couples in which both were living with HIV.

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Comparative and analytical study on active toxoplasmosis to assess the IgG avidity in correlation to serological profile in a cohort of Egyptian patients

Abstract

Proper diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is very important for proper treatment in manifested cases and to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis in case of pregnancy. Screening of 180 pregnant females by automated immune assay for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM Abs was done first then positive cases and some of negative cases were evaluated for the Toxoplasma IgG avidity test versus Toxoplasma IgM and IgA Abs using ELISA technique for the detection of active toxoplasmosis during gestation using IHA rising titer as reference test. Assessment of Toxoplasma IgM by ELISA compared with rising titer of IHA as a reference test revealed that the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPP of IgM by ELISA were 66.67, 88.73, 42.86, and 95.45%, respectively. Assessment of Toxoplasma IgA Abs by ELISA compared with rising titer IHA as a reference test showed that the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPP of IgA Abs by ELISA were 44.4, 92.96, 44.4, and 92.96%, respectively. Additionally, by assessment of Toxoplasma IgG avidity compared with rising titer of IHA as a reference test, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPP of Toxoplasma IgG avidity were 100, 98.59, 90%, and 100%, respectively. Detection of specific Toxoplasma IgM antibodies by ELISA is not always sufficient in the diagnosis of early and late Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy, because Toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies may persist as long as 18 months after acute acquired infection. Thus, the specific IgG avidity test should be used as more or less low cost tool to detect acute toxoplasmosis.

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Skin allergy.

No abstract available

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Reactions to cytostatic agents in children.

Purpose of review: The current review will focus on drug hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy specifically to those drugs most used in children. We know that potentially all chemotherapeutic agents can cause infusion reactions, generally defined as adverse drug reactions. Of these, some are Type A, defined as expected and described in the characteristics of the drug and others, and Type B, defined as unexpected reactions which cannot be explained by the known toxicity profile of the drug. When an unexpected reaction occurs, drugs we can refer as hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Some of these (HSRs) are allergic reactions as they have an underlying immunologic mechanism. In general, the cytotoxic agents most commonly associated with HSRs are the platinum salts derivatives, taxanes, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, L-asparaginase, procarbazine, etoposide, bleomycin, and cytarabin. Recent findings: HSRs may also occur in children with cancer, during the treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. The most used drugs of this group in children to cause HSRs are: carboplatin, L-asparaginase, and methothrexate. The aim of this review is to summarize the incidence and the clinical features of HSRs occurring with these drugs in children. Summary: The aim of this review is to summarize the incidence and the clinical features of HSRs occurring with these drugs in children. The current review will focus on the most involved drugs in children, the type of reactions, the mechanisms involved, and the best way to manage them. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Molecular aspects of allergens in atopic dermatitis.

Purpose of review: Molecular allergology uses pure, mainly recombinant and structurally defined allergen molecules and allergen-derived epitopes to study mechanisms of IgE-associated allergy, to diagnose, and even predict the development of allergic manifestations and to treat and prevent IgE-associated allergies. Atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease is almost always associated with IgE sensitization to allergens. However, also non-IgE-mediated pathomechanisms seem to be operative in atopic dermatitis and it is often difficult to identify the disease-causing allergens. Here we review recent work showing the usefulness of molecular allergology to study mechanisms of atopic dermatitis, for diagnosis and eventually for treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis. Recent findings: IgE sensitization to airborne, food-derived, microbial allergens, and autoallergens has been found to be associated with atopic dermatitis. Using defined allergen molecules and non-IgE-reactive allergen derivatives, evidence could be provided for the existence of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated mechanisms of inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, effects of epicutaneous allergen administration on systemic allergen-specific immune responses have been studied. Multi-allergen tests containing micro-arrayed allergen molecules have been shown to be useful for the identification of culprit allergens in atopic dermatitis and may improve the management of atopic dermatitis by allergen-specific immunotherapy, allergen avoidance, and IgE-targeting therapies in a personalized medicine approach. Summary: Molecular allergology allows for dissection of the pathomechanisms of atopic dermatitis, provides new forms of allergy diagnosis for identification of disease-causing allergens, and opens the door to new forms of management by allergen-specific and T cells-targeting or IgE-targeting interventions in a personalized medicine approach. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Editorial Board

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Cover

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Subscriptions

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Table of Contents

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The role of the Chemical Senses in Disgust’s Disease Avoidance

disgustodortaste

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Relationship Between Psychophysiological Responses to Aversive Odors and Nutritional Status During Normal Aging

Abstract

Psychophysiological responses to disgusting and pleasant smells are one of the most important aspects of olfaction. These emotional signals can constitute an alert against toxic substances, and they may play a major role in food selection and nutritional intake. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by examining whether individual physiological responses to odors could predict the subject's nutritional status. Because aging is associated with changes in emotional response to smells, we also examined how aging affects the relationship between olfaction and nutrition. Twenty young and 20 old participants perceived a series of odorants while their psychophysiological responses were simultaneously measured, and completed the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Regression between individual correlation coefficients (r-values between odor perceptual ratings and physiological parameters) and individual MNA scores revealed that appropriateness of the physiological responses to aversive odors predicted nutritional status (R² = 0.22, P < 0.007): participants with higher electromyogram corrugator activity in response to aversive smells had better nutritional status. Furthermore, this relationship was significant in old (R² = 0.45, P < 0.005) but not young participants (R² = 0.04, P > 0.44). Taken together, preserved functioning of somatic markers in response to odors during normal aging is associated with better nutritional status, and may facilitate healthier food selection.

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Body Odor Trait Disgust Sensitivity Predicts Perception of Sweat Biosamples

Abstract

Body odors are potent triggers of disgust and regulate social behaviors in many species. The role of olfaction in disgust-associated behaviors has received scant attention in the research literature, in part because olfactory disgust assessments have required laboratory testing with odors. We have devised the "Body Odor Disgust Scale" (BODS) to facilitate research on olfactory disgust. In this study, we evaluated whether individual differences in BODS scores would be associated with the perception of disgust for sweat samples in a laboratory setting. Results show that BODS was a strong predictor of disgust ratings of sweat samples even when controlling for general disgust sensitivity. In contrast, odor intensity ratings were unrelated to BODS scores. Our findings suggest that the BODS scores reflect body odor disgust perception. The BODS scale might facilitate research on olfactory disgust responses and associated behaviors.

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The Face of Distaste: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Distaste is a primitive rejection impulse triggered by the ingestion of unpleasant tasting substances, many of which are toxic. Theoretical work has suggested that distaste may be the evolutionary precursor for both physical disgust, which serves to defend against disease and other threats to biological fitness, and moral disgust, which defends against threats to the social order. Consistent with this proposal, recent work has found that the facial expression of distaste may be similar to that of disgust. Specifically, raising of the upper lip has been reported in distaste, physical disgust, and moral disgust. However, competing evidence suggests that distaste and disgust expressions may differ, and the facial expressions of adult humans in response to distasteful stimuli remain poorly specified. To address this issue, we conducted a preliminary experiment to investigate the upper lip raise in adult volunteers (N = 15) as they tasted unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral liquids. We found increased raising of the upper lip for bitter and salty tastes relative to water and sweet, suggesting that the upper lip raise is indeed part of the distaste expression. Given evidence that the upper lip raise is also present in physical and moral disgust, these results are consistent with the proposed origins of disgust in distaste.

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Influence of Bitter Taste on Affective Facial Processing: An ERP Study

Abstract

Previous research showed that a bitter taste in the mouth is able to enhance hostile response tendencies to social rejection. The present event-related potential (ERP) study sought to investigate neuronal components of this effect. We presented 52 participants (39 women and 13 men; mean age = 23.3 years) with images of facial expressions signaling social rejection (angry, disgusted) or no rejection (happy, neural), whereas they either experienced a bitter aftertaste (bitter group [BG]: n = 26) or rinsed their mouth with water (control group [CG]: n = 26). The BG rated the aftertaste as extremely intense and disgusting and showed a decreased parietal P200 to all facial expressions, as well as a lowered parietal P300 to cues of nonrejection. The bitter intervention neither influenced the affective ratings for the images nor self-reported hostility. In conclusion, the ERP findings indicated that bitterness first reduced visual attention to social cues in general (P200) and then specifically to cues of nonrejection (P300). Bitterness was not associated with increased sensitivity to disgust/anger signaled by others neither on a neuronal nor self-report level.

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Corrigendum

The Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS): Development and Validation of a Novel Olfactory Disgust Assessment

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Gender-Specific Relation Between Olfactory Sensitivity and Disgust Perception

Abstract

The perception of disgust is a powerful but yet puzzling emotion, aiming at the prevention of potential microbial pathogens and being directly linked to olfactory processing in its neurophysiological pathways via the anterior insular cortex. In sample of healthy participants with a natural variation in olfactory function, we investigated the relation between olfactory sensitivity and disgust perception. A total of 123 healthy individuals were surveyed with a disgust sensitivity questionnaire. Olfactory threshold was assessed in all participants using the Sniffin' Sticks. Additionally, tactile 2-point discrimination threshold was tested in a subgroup of the participants as a controlling factor for the specificity of the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and disgust. Only in men, a significant relation between disgust ratings and olfactory threshold was observed. Men with high olfactory sensitivity reported as high levels of disgust as female participants, while men with low olfactory sensitivity reported significantly lower disgust than women. There was no such relation for tactile sensitivity. Investigating sensory subscales of the disgust questionnaire, olfactory sensitivity was related to olfactory and tactile, but not to visual disgust ratings. In conclusion, there is a specific relation between the level of disgust and olfactory sensitivity in men, who generally present lower values of disgust than women. When disgust ratings are low, there seems to be an additional merit in the ability to perceive subtle olfactory stimuli. Thus high olfactory sensitivity may facilitate the perception of potential pathogenic threats and contribute to the evolutionary function of disgust as disease avoidance mechanism.

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Hyposmia and Disgust: Gender-Specific Effects

Abstract

Reduced olfactory function is associated with altered trait disgust in men. This study sought to determine whether hyposmic women show similar changes in disgust responsiveness. We compared patients with hyposmia (25 men, 23 women) and 50 normosmic individuals (25 men, 25 women) with regard to their tendency to experience disgust across different disgust domains (disgust proneness), their self-disgust and their tendency to perceive their own disgust feelings as difficult to control and embarrassing (disgust sensitivity). We replicated the finding that male patients reported elevated self-disgust and disgust proneness toward a specific disgust domain (poor hygiene), whereas female patients obtained comparable disgust scores as the female control group. Both men and women of the patient group indicated disgust regulation difficulties in social contexts. In conclusion, we found greater changes in trait disgust in men with hyposmia. This gender-specific effect, which might be a result of more efficient compensatory behaviors in women, needs further investigation.

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The Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS): Development and Validation of a Novel Olfactory Disgust Assessment

Abstract

Disgust plays a crucial role in the avoidance of pathogen threats. In many species, body odors provide important information related to health and disease, and body odors are potent elicitors of disgust in humans. With this background, valid assessments of body odor disgust sensitivity are warranted. In the present article, we report the development and psychometric validation of the Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS), a measure suited to assess individual differences in disgust reaction to a variety of body odors. Collected data from 3 studies (total n = 528) show that the scale can be used either as a unidimensional scale or as a scale that reflects two hypothesized factors: sensitivity to one's own body odors versus those of others. Guided by our results, we reduced the scale to 12 items that capture the essence of these 2 factors. The final version of the BODS shows an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's αs > 0.9). The BODS subscales show convergent validity with other general disgust scales, as well as with other olfactory functions measures and with aspects of personality that are related to pathogen avoidance. A fourth study confirmed the construct validity of the BODS and its measurement invariance to gender. Moreover, we found that, compared with other general disgust scales, the BODS is more strongly related to perceived vulnerability to disease. The BODS is a brief and valid assessment of trait body odor disgust sensitivity.

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Acute toxicity of chemical pesticides and plant-derived essential oil on the behavior and development of earthworms, Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) and Eisenia fetida (Savigny)

Abstract

Comparative toxicity of two chemical pesticides (temephos and monocrotophos) versus a plant-derived betel leaf oil Piper betle (L.) to earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) and redworm Eisenia fetida Savigny, historically: Eisenia foetida (Savigny 1826), was evaluated. Mortality rate was more prominent in temephos at 100 μg concentration to both the earthworms in filter paper test (FPT) as well as 10 mg concentration in artificial soil test (AST). In contrast, P. betle does not display much mortality rate to both the earthworms even at 1000 mg of treatment concentrations. The lethal concentration (LC₅₀) value was observed at 3.89 and 5.26 mg/kg for temephos and monocrotophos against E. eugeniae and 3.81 and 5.25 mg/kg to E. fetida, respectively. Whereas, LC₅₀ value of betel leaf oil was only observed at 3149 and 4081 mg/kg to E. eugeniae and E. fetida, respectively. Correspondingly, the avoidance or attraction assay also displayed that earthworms were more sensitive to the soil containing chemical pesticides. Whereas, the avoidance percentage was decreased in the P. betle oil. Similarly, sublethal concentration of chemical pesticides (5 and 6.5 mg) significantly reduced the earthworm weight and growth rate. However, P. betle oil did not change the developmental rate in the duration of the assay (2, 7 and 14 days) even at 4000 mg treatment concentration. The enzyme ratio of CAT and SOD was also affected significantly after exposure to the chemical pesticides (6.5 mg/kg). Hence, our study implied the risk assessment associated with the chemical pesticides and also recommends plant-derived harmless P. betle oil against beneficial species as an alternative pest control agent.

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Breakthrough modeling and experimental design for o -xylene dynamic adsorption onto clay material

Abstract

The adsorption of o-xylene onto raw clay material in a fixed bed using a thermal conductivity detector gas chromatography was investigated. Experimental and theoretical studies were established to evaluate the removal efficiency of o-xylene by adsorption on clay materials and to predict kinetic parameters. Column data were describing at different conditions using Bohart–Adams, Wolborska, Thomas, Yoon and Nelson, dose–response, and bed depth service time models. All used models were satisfactory to predict the breakthrough curves. A suitable advection–dispersion–sorption (ADS) model has been also developed to simulate the measured data, based on the nature of the various equilibrium relationships of solid–gas and diverse descriptions of the mass transfer processes within of the adsorbent particle. The experiments can be fitted with high correlated coefficient R ² = 0.996.

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Eldecalcitol, an Active Vitamin D 3 Derivative, Prevents Trabecular Bone Loss and Bone Fragility in Type I Diabetic Model Rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is known to adversely affect the bones and be associated with increased fracture risk. We examined whether eldecalcitol (ELD), an active vitamin D₃ derivative, could inhibit the diabetic bone loss in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. ELD (10, 20, or 40 ng/kg), alfacalcidol (ALF; 25, 50, or 100 ng/kg), or vehicle was administered 5 times per week for 12 weeks from 1 week after diabetes induction. Normal control rats received the vehicle. Bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and biomechanical strength of the lumbar spine and femur were measured, and bone histomorphometry was performed. Content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the femoral shaft was also determined. In diabetic rats, serum osteocalcin (OC) concentration was lower and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) tended to be higher than in normal rats. Areal BMD and maximum load of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral shaft were lower in diabetic rats than in normal rats. All doses of ELD and the highest dose of ALF reduced urinary DPD excretion, but had no effect on serum OC. The 20 and 40 ng/kg doses of ELD prevented decreases in BMD and the highest dose of ELD prevented the reduction in maximum load of the lumbar vertebrae, while ALF did not change these parameters. ELD and ALF did not affect areal BMD or biomechanical strength of the femoral shaft. In diabetic rats, bone volume and trabecular thickness in the trabecular bone of the lumbar vertebrae decreased and trabecular separation increased compared to normal rats. ELD and ALF prevented diabetes-induced deterioration of trabecular microstructure. AGE content in the femoral cortical bone increased in the diabetic rats, and ELD and ALF did not change AGE content compared to the diabetic rats. These results indicated that ELD suppressed bone resorption and prevented trabecular bone loss and deterioration of trabecular microstructure, resulting in prevention of reduction in biomechanical strength in type I diabetic rats.

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Nokia FP4: ecco il nuovo processore di rete più veloce di sempre - Hardware upgrade.it

Nokia FP4: ecco il nuovo processore di rete più veloce di sempre Hardware upgrade.it Il nuovo Nokia PF4 è il risultato di anni di ingegneria e di ricerca e gli sviluppatori della casa madre hanno sfruttato i più recenti progressi in termini di design multi-dimensionale. Ecco che il nuovo FP4 offre anche molte innovazioni ...

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Towards ageing well: Use it or lose it: Exercise, epigenetics and cognition

Abstract

More and more people are living into the 90s or becoming centenarians. But, the gift of increased 'age span' seldom equates with an improved 'health-span'. Governments across the world are expressing concern about the epidemic of chronic disease, and have responded by initiating policies that make prevention, reduction and treatment of chronic disease, a public health priority. But understanding, how to age long and well, with the avoidance of chronic disease and later life complex disease morbidity is challenging. While inherited genes have an undoubted role to play in the chance of maintaining good health or conversely a predilection to developing disease and chronic ill health, there is increasing evidence that behavioural and environmental life-style choices may contribute up to 50% of the variability of human lifespan. Physical exercise is readily available to everyone, and is a simple cheap and effective form of life-style intervention. Exercise appears to help maintain good health and to reduce the risk of developing chronic disease and ill health. Evidence suggests that physical activity improves well-being across many health domains through out life, continues to offer important health benefits in older age groups and tracks with a 'healthy ageing' profile. Although many of the molecular pathways remain to be fully identified, here we discuss how physical activity and exercise is understood to produce changes in the human epigenome, which have the potential to enhance cognitive and psychological health, improve muscular fitness, and lead to better ageing with improved quality of life in older age.

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Are juvenile criminal justice statistics comparable across countries? A study of the data available in 45 European nations

Abstract

This article analyses the data on minors included in the police, prosecution, conviction, prison and probation statistics of 45 European nations in 2010, which were collected in the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics. The main conclusions of the analysis are that comprehensive juvenile justice statistics are seldom available and that the existing data are hardly comparable across countries. The article identifies the main reasons that hamper the comparability: The definition of minors is not harmonized, the rules applied for the construction of the statistics are not the same, and there are differences in the legal procedures foreseen for minors as well as on the type of sanctions that can be imposed to them. As a consequence, European juvenile justice statistics do not provide valid comparable information on the extent of juvenile delinquency, and their reliability as indicators of the social reaction to it is doubtful.

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Kohli's tongue-out gesture from yesterday's match turned into a hilarious meme - Times of India

Times of India

Kohli's tongue-out gesture from yesterday's match turned into a hilarious meme Times of India It happened during 36th over of Bangladesh's innings when Kolhi took Mushfiqur Rahim's catch and then gave him an animated send-off by sticking his tongue out. ... But Kohli should be reminded of Mike Douglas who got oral cancer because ... Read ...

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On this day: June 16 - KEYT - KEYT

KEYT	On this day: June 16 - KEYT KEYT The first roller coaster in the U.S. opens, a Soviet cosmonaut becomes the first woman in space, and the Monterey Pop Festival begins, all on this day. and more »

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Discriminative self-representation sparse regression for neuroimaging-based alzheimer’s disease diagnosis

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel feature selection method by jointly considering (1) 'task-specific' relations between response variables (e.g., clinical labels in this work) and neuroimaging features and (2) 'self-representation' relations among neuroimaging features in a sparse regression framework. Specifically, the task-specific relation is devised to learn the relative importance of features for representation of response variables by a linear combination of the input features in a supervised manner, while the self-representation relation is used to take into account the inherent information among neuroimaging features such that any feature can be represented by a weighted sum of the other features, regardless of the label information, in an unsupervised manner. By integrating these two different relations along with a group sparsity constraint, we formulate a new sparse linear regression model for class-discriminative feature selection. The selected features are used to train a support vector machine for classification. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted experiments on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset; experimental results showed superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods considered in this work.

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Systematic Review of Diagnostic Criteria Used in Atopic Dermatitis Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Background

Numerous diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis are used in clinical trials, which may limit comparison of results.

Objective

We sought to determine the most commonly used atopic dermatitis diagnostic criteria in randomized controlled trials internationally.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with a pharmacological intervention from 2007 to 2016. Cochrane Library, EMBASE, GREAT, LILACS, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched. Two authors independently performed the study selection and data extraction.

Results

Two hundred and twelve randomized controlled trials met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Overall, ten different diagnostic criteria were used. The Hanifin and Rajka criteria were most commonly used (41.0%), followed by the UK refinement of the Hanifin and Rajka criteria (9.0%), Japanese Dermatological Association criteria (4.2%), and American Academy of Dermatology criteria (3.8%). No diagnostic criteria were specified in 37.3% of randomized controlled trials. The Hanifin and Rajka criteria were the most commonly used atopic dermatitis diagnostic criteria in clinical trials of topical and systemic interventions, across all years between 2007 and 2016, in pediatric and adult populations, in most countries and regions internationally.

Conclusions

The results highlight the lack of uniformity and documentation of atopic dermatitis diagnostic criteria in randomized controlled trials for atopic dermatitis. We recommend harmonizing the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis in future randomized controlled trials.

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General Anesthesia and Young Brain: What is New?.

Considering that growing population of very young children is exposed to general anesthesia every year, it is of utmost importance to understand how and whether such practice may affect the development and growth of their very immature and vulnerable brains. Compelling evidence from animal studies suggests that an early exposure to general anesthesia is detrimental to normal brain development leading to structural and functional impairments of neurons and glia, and long-lasting impairments in normal emotional and cognitive development. Although the evidence from animal studies is overwhelming and confirmed across species examined from rodents to non-human primates, the evidence from human studies is inconsistent and not conclusive at present. In this review we focus on new developments in animal studies of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity and summarize recent clinical studies while focusing on outcome measures and exposure variables in terms of their utility for assessing cognitive and behavioral development in children. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved

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Mast cells modulate proliferation, migration and stemness of glioma cells through downregulation of GSK3β expression and inhibition of STAT3 activation

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Cellular Signalling, Volume 37
Author(s): Sanaz Attarha, Ananya Roy, Bengt Westermark, Elena Tchougounova
Glioblastoma (GBM) heterogeneity is the main obstacle to efficient treatment due to the existence of subpopulation of cells with increased tumorigenicity and network of tumor associated parenchymal cells in the tumor microenvironment. We previously demonstrated that mast cells (MCs) infiltrate mouse and human gliomas in response to variety of signals in a glioma grade-dependent manner. However, the role of MCs in glioma development and the mechanisms behind MCs-glioma cells interaction remain unidentified.In the present study, we show that MCs upon activation by glioma cells produce soluble factors including IL-6, which are documented to be involved in cancer-related activities. We observe 'tumor educated' MCs decrease glioma cell proliferation and migration, reduce self-renewal capacity and expression of stemness markers but in turn promote glioma cell differentiation. 'Tumor educated' MC derived mediators exert these effects via inactivation of STAT3 signaling pathway through GSK3β down-regulation. We identified 'tumor educated' MC derived IL-6 as one of the contributors among the complex mixture of MCs mediators, to be partially involved in the observed MC induced biological effect on glioma cells.Thus, MC mediated abolition of STAT3 signaling hampers glioma cell proliferation and migration by suppressing their stemness and inducing differentiation via down-regulation of GSK3β expression. Targeting newly identified inflammatory MC-STAT3 axis could contribute to patient tailored therapy and unveil potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients.



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Systematic identification and characterization of miRNAs and piRNAs from porcine testes

Abstract

microRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) execute important regulatory roles in testis development and spermatogenesis, while previous studies mainly focus on the expression profiles in immature and mature porcine testes, which may cause a bottleneck for further understanding their complex physiological processes in porcine testes development and spermatogenesis. Thus, we presented the expression and characterization of miRNAs and piRNAs in DS (60-day-old), DN (90-day-old), DT (120-day-old) and DF (150-day-old) pig testes. In total, 12,834,628, 13,359,726, 12,851,249 and 12,938,601 clean reads were generated from these libraries, respectively. 293 mature and 36 novel miRNAs as well as 4923 piRNA clusters were identified from pig testes, and they showed an age-dependent manner. GO enrichment analysis of miRNA target genes and piRNA generated genes showed that they participated widely in regulating the pig spermatogenesis process. In addition, 12 differentially expressed miRNAs were randomly selected to validate using qRT-PCR. Our results provided novel comprehensive expression profiles of miRNAs and piRNAs in pig testes at different stages of sexual maturity, which will promote our knowledge of them in regulating the pig testes development and spermatogenesis process.

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Identification and comparative analysis of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata hemocytes microRNAs in response to Vibrio alginolyticus infection

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA molecules that function as negative regulators of gene expression and play important roles in a wide spectrum of biological processes, including in immune response. However, the physiological regulation function of Pinctada fucata miRNAs, specially their immunomodulation has not been explored yet. Here, two small RNA libraries from hemocytes of P. fucata with or without Vibrio alginolyticus infection were constructed and sequenced using the high-throughput Illumina deep sequencing technology. In total, 11,939,992 and 11,083,327 raw reads, corresponding to 10,993,546 and 9,988,179 clean reads, were respectively obtained in the control and infected libraries. A total of 276 miRNAs, including 225 known miRNAs and 51 putative novel miRNAs, were identified by bioinformatic analysis. By using pairwise comparison between two libraries, 93 miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed, with 42 and 51 miRNAs exhibiting up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively. Thereinto, some known miRNAs were considered to be immune-related. Real-time PCR were implemented for 6 miRNAs co-expressed in the control and infected samples, and agreement was confirmed between the high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR data. After miRNA targets were predicted, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed, and the results indicated that ten of the differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in immune-related pathways, and might participate in the host immune response to V. alginolyticus. These results of identification and comparative analysis of miRNAs might deepen our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and immune defense mechanisms in P. fucata.

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Genome-wide analysis of the PHB gene family in Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Abstract

Prohibitins (PHBs) have one SPFH domain in common and present in species ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Although a number of researches on PHBs were performed in different plant species, a systematic analysis of the PHB family in soybean is still remains uncharacterized. In the present study, 24 putative PHB genes have been first systemically identified in soybean. According to phylogenetic analysis, these GmPHBs could be classified into four groups. Gene structures and motif patterns showed high levels of conservation within the phylogenetic subgroups. Several members of this family have undergone purifying selection based on Ka/Ks analysis on duplicated PHB genes in soybean. We performed microsynteny analysis across four legume species based on the comparisons among the specific regions contained in PHB genes. As a result, numerous microsyntenic gene pairs among soybean, Medicago, Lotus and Phaseolus were identified. Most soybean PHB genes exhibited different expression levels in various tissues and developmental stages through expression analysis using publicly available RNA-seq datasets. The 11 GmPHB genes from III_B subgroup were examined by qPCR for their expression in two soybean cultivar after infection by Phytophthora sojae. Besides three GmPHB genes previous reported by us, here other four genes also were rapidly induced by P. sojae infection in the resistant genotype, while induction was very weak in the susceptible genotype. The comprehensive overview of the PHB gene family in soybean genome will provide useful information for further functional analysis of the PHB gene family in soybean.

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Gender- and Sport-Specific Associations Between Religiousness and Doping Behavior in High-Level Team Sports

Abstract

Religiousness is known to be specifically associated with substance abuse, but there is an evident lack of studies investigating the association between religiousness and doping behavior as a specific type of substance abuse in athletes. This study aimed to provide evidence for possible gender- and sport-specific associations between religiousness and doping behavior among team-sport athletes of both genders. The participants were 886 athletes (21.9 ± 3.8 years of age; 352 females) involved in four sports: volleyball (n = 154; 78 females), handball (n = 206; 68 females), soccer (n = 316; 110 females) and basketball (n = 230; 96 females) from Croatia and Slovenia (all traditionally Roman Catholics). The data were collected using a previously validated structured questionnaire that examined sociodemographic, sport- and doping-related factors. In addition, religiousness was captured by the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith questionnaire (SCSRF). Gender-stratified simple logistic regressions were applied to determine associations between covariates and doping behavior (criterion). There was no significant difference in potential doping behavior between males and females (OR 1.06, 95 % CI 0.76–1.46), while females reported higher religiousness (SCSRF: 23.11 ± 3.23 and 25.46 ± 7.2 for males and females, respectively; t test = 1.82, p < 0.05). Younger female athletes and those with higher SCSRF score are found to be less prone to doping behavior. When models were adjusted for personal opinion about doping presence in sport and age, the SCSRF remained a significant predictor of potential doping behavior (OR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.91–0.99). For males, the belief that doping was present in sport was strongly associated with a higher likelihood of doping. Our results suggest that highly religious females involved in three of the studies sports (i.e., volleyball, handball and basketball) show a weaker tendency toward doping. Meanwhile, there is no evidence that religiousness influences doping behavior among male team-sport athletes. Therefore, sport-specific and gender-specific approach in studying possible relationships that exist between religiousness and different types of misusing substances in sport is warranted.

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Health Impacts of Religious Practices and Beliefs Associated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Abstract

The aim of the study is to discuss the relationship between lifestyle marked by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and health. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WOS y Scopus were the databases used for this literature review, with these descriptors: "Mormons", "mormons religion", "health". Inclusion criteria were articles with full text available, published between 2005 and 2016, in English or Spanish language. Results show that following the restrictive Mormon doctrine generates beneficial effects for the health. Habits related to toxics and food, as well as social support, from family and Mormon community are an important basis for good health. On the other hand, not following the prescriptions or leaving the group, opposed sexual identities or not fulfilling the roles associated with women are associated with worse mental and physical health.

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The Relationship Between the Religious Beliefs of the Diabetic Patients and Depression in a Diabetes Clinic in Iran

Abstract

Nowadays, diabetes is prevalent, and it can leave severe psychotic effects and causes depression; thus, it is necessary to consider effective factors to fight against diabetic patients' mental conditions. It seems that the role of religion is significant, and by augmenting religious attitudes, diabetic patient's depression intensity can be decreased. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between religious beliefs and depression of diabetic patients in diabetes clinic of Ali Asghar Hospital in Zahedan. This is a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study. Out of total 350 diabetic patients, 70 were selected by easy sampling method. Data gathering tool was Bach's religious beliefs and depression standard questionnaires. K² statistical test and Pearson's correlation index have been used for data analysis. SPSS software version 16 was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that there was not any relationship among age, sex, education, illness duration and family member's history of depression and depression. Results of the study showed that stronger religious beliefs decrease the depression severity (P < 0.001). Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen patient's religious attitudes by proper plans to decrease depression, and some strategies are presented in the study for these plans.

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Spiritual Well-Being and Spiritual Distress in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Utilizing the SWBQ as Component of Holistic Nursing Diagnosis

Abstract

Holistic nursing care requires attention to the spiritual dimension. This is particularly important when caring for patients with cancer. This research presents the results of the assessment of spiritual well-being using the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ) to validate the nursing diagnosis of spiritual distress. Structured interviews were conducted with 169 patients in one hospital in Portugal. We concluded that the SWBQ is a useful and reliable instrument to assess spiritual distress, which highlights the importance of listening to patients and questioning them about spiritual needs as well as the importance of differential diagnosis aimed at effective interventions.

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Role of Religiosity in Psychological Well-Being Among Medical and Non-medical Students

Abstract

Religion has been generally considered as a protective factor for the psychological health of the people. As many studies have publicized a high prevalence of psychological morbidities among the medical students during their academic stages of medical schools, it is significant to investigate whether religiosity functions as a protective factor, to explore religiosity as a predictor of psychological well-being in a sample of medical students, and to compare the results of medical students as well as non-medical students with respect to religiosity and psychological well-being. The study is carried out in Federal Medical and Dental College and International Islamic University, Islamabad. The present study examined a sample of 120 medical students from Federal Medical and Dental College and 120 non-medical students from International Islamic University, Islamabad. Purposive sampling was used. The respondents completed religious orientation scale and scale of psychological well-being scale along with a demographic data sheet. In order to measure the study variables, linear regression and t test were used. The findings revealed that religiosity is a strong predictor of psychological well-being. Extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity predicts psychological well-being among the students. The results indicated a significant difference in psychological well-being between medical and non-medical students. No significant difference was found in religiosity of medical and non-medical students. The gender differences in religiosity and psychological well-being were found to be insignificant. The results emphasize that psychological well-being is prophesied by religiosity. The present research suggests further investigations and also endows with trends for psychological evaluation, development of religious beliefs, and interventions for augmenting psychological well-being among the medical students.

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Psychometric Evaluation of the Filipino Versions of the Duke University Religion Index and the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale in Filipino Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Filipino versions of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL-F) and the Spiritual Coping Strategies scale (SCS-F) for hemodialysis (HD) patients in the Philippines. A convenient sample of 162 HD patients was included in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The DUREL-F and SCS-F exhibited acceptable internal consistency and stability reliability, as well as excellent content and construct validity. The findings confirmed the soundness of the psychometric properties of the two scales. Thus, they can be used for timely and accurate assessment of religiosity and spiritual coping utilization among Filipino patients receiving HD.

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“One Big Family”: Pastoral Care and Treatment Seeking in an Egyptian Coptic Church in England

Abstract

Little is known about Coptic migrants' chronic disease health beliefs and treatment-seeking behaviours. Interviews to explore these issues and their relationship with church membership were conducted with 15 Coptic migrants in Southern England. Obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were most frequently identified as health risks for Coptic migrants. CVD was ascribed to stress and considered amenable to spiritual healing. Lay referral to medical practitioners who were church members was common but may devalue perceptions of family medicine. The Coptic Church functions as a community that addresses members' wider vulnerability. Central to this is the "parish nurse" role of the priest.

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Spirituality and Religiosity and Its Role in Health and Diseases

Abstract

Religiosity is a factor involved in the management of health and diseases/patient longevity. This review article uses comprehensive, evidence-based studies to evaluate the nature of religiosity that can be used in clinical studies, thus avoiding contradictory reports which arise from misinterpretation of religiosity. We conclude that religiosity is multidimensional in nature and ultimately associated with inherent protection against diseases and overall better quality of life. However, a number of untouched aspects of religiosity need to be investigated further before we can introduce religiosity in its fully functional form to the realm of health care.

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The Association Between Muslim Religiosity and Young Adult College Students’ Depression, Anxiety, and Stress

Abstract

Depression, anxiety, and stress are among major psychological disorders being predominant in present day. This study proposed to analyze the role of Muslim religiosity in male students showing these mental indications. A sample including 723 Pakistani young adults enrolled at college level was randomly chosen. Muslim Religiosity Measurement Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale were utilized to gather information. Discoveries uncover an inverse relationship between conduct and affiliation with the symptoms of mental disorders, anxiety and stress among the respondents. Results bolster the incorporation of religious dimensions in psychological wellness and mental well-being thought of young adults in Pakistan.

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“No More Buzz”: A Qualitative Study of the Current Response to HIV in the Anglican Church in the Western Cape, South Africa

Abstract

Using a triangulation design combining participant observation, survey results, and interviews, this paper studies the current form of the response to HIV in the local Anglican Church in the Western Cape, South Africa. The results show that people are generally aware of HIV. The "buzz" around HIV has, however, subsided. The local church does not directly engage HIV anymore, and HIV is more mentioned than talked about. HIV stigma continues to pose a challenge. To work towards the prevention of HIV, the local church needs to put HIV back on the agenda and continue to speak about the virus.

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On the Inner Life of Physicians: Analysis of Family Medicine Residents’ Written Reflections

Abstract

This qualitative study introduces the broad and inclusive concept of the "inner life of physicians" and analyzes the written reflections (N = 756) of family medicine residents (N = 33) during their residency as indicative of the physicians' inner lives. Residents completed reflective entries without specific prompts. Researchers describe unsolicited emergent categorical themes indicative of a robust inner life of the physician. Nurturing physicians' inner life through reflection allows physicians to recognize, identify, and respond to daily emotional events. Reflections about the state of physicians' inner lives can formulate and express fundamental human questions that concern: (a) troubling human experiences (e.g., suffering, death, luck, destiny, and death); (b) questions that surface in practicing their profession; (c) spiritually explicit questions on their beliefs and practices. Physicians' inner lives can become a "place" where physicians look for answers and explore options for dealing with their human and professional challenges, thus enhancing the humanistic aspects of medical practice.

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Religion and Happiness: A Study Among University Students in Turkey

Abstract

This study tests the hypothesis that higher levels of positive religious affect are associated with higher levels of personal happiness among a sample of 348 students studying at a state university in Turkey who completed the Ok Religious Attitude Scale (Islam), the Oxford Happiness Inventory, and the short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised. The data reported a small but statistically significant association between religiosity and happiness after taking sex and individual differences in personality into account.

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The Role of Existential Beliefs Within the Relation of Centenarians’ Health and Well-Being

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of existential beliefs in mediating the influence of health on centenarians' well-being. A total of 80 centenarians (mean age 101.1; SD = 1.3; 81.3 % women) with no/minor cognitive impairment were included. The OARS questionnaire for diseases and functional capacity (ADL, IADL), the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the existential beliefs subscale were used for data collection. The findings suggest that existential resources are a crucial element for mitigating the impact of health constraints in subjective well-being in this population. Appropriate models of intervention for very old age that recognize the importance of religion, spirituality, and meaning of life are to be considered.

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Perceptions of Chaplains’ Value and Impact Within Hospital Care Teams

Abstract

Many scholars have written about the role of spirituality in health care. One mechanism for incorporating spirituality into the care of patients is to integrate clinically trained chaplains into hospital care teams. We examined in a mixed-methods fashion, the effects of this type of integrated care team within a teaching hospital setting. The quality and impact of chaplain involvement were studied from patient and physician-in-training perspectives, using data from more than 200 patients and physicians in training. Findings clearly show that clinically trained chaplains can contribute meaningful expertise and real value to the quality and comprehensiveness of patient and physician experiences.

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Spirit or Fleeting Apparition? Why Spirituality’s Link with Social Support Might Be Incrementally Invalid

Abstract

Previously published path models apparently confirm the belief-as-benefit perspective that spirituality boosts well-being via social support. The broad acceptance of such findings has motivated recommendations that clinical psychologists and psychiatrists routinely assess their patients' spiritual status. Skeptics retort that past findings are statistically confounded and that numinous beliefs and well-being are unrelated. A multivariate regression analysis testing whether spirituality explains variance in social support after personality traits are simultaneously included is reported. Although spirituality displays a significant positive correlation and partial correlation (after controlling for socio-demographics) with social support, regression analysis specifying agreeableness and conscientiousness—individual differences related to both spirituality and social support—as predictors renders spirituality nonsignificant. In summary, spirituality's correlation with social support appears spurious; demonstrating the hazards of relying on simple associations and highlighting the urgent need for researchers to utilize statistical methods capable of establishing cause and parsing effects across rival theoretical explanations.

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The Application of Ibadah (Worship) in Counseling: Its Importance and Implications to Muslim Clients

Abstract

Ibadah is one of the important components in Islamic teachings other than aqidah (belief) and akhlaq (moral). Its importance is determined through the purpose for creation of humans, namely to be devoted to Allah. In the context of counseling discipline, however, the element of ibadah or worship (submission) of Allah is not applied in the counseling process and is not recognized as one of the spiritual therapies able to help the client know his true potential in decision-making and problem-solving. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the importance of applying ibadah in counseling and its implications to the client. This study selects survey research as the method to collect data from clients. A set of questionnaire instruments was constructed and distributed to 30 clients selected through convenience sampling. Data obtained from research questionnaire are then analyzed using descriptive statistical technique. Research outcome finds that application of ibadah is very important in counseling and has four implications for the client: the client is able to control his behavior, gain peace of mind, control his emotions and becomes increasingly diligent in ibadah.

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Religious Coping with Sexual Stigma in Young Adults with Same-Sex Attractions

Abstract

The present study assessed religious coping with sexual stigma in 260 young adults with same-sex attractions. Although the majority of the sample rarely utilized religious coping, a significant minority of participants frequently turned to religion to deal with sexual stigma. Controlling for demographic and general religious variables, positive religious coping (e.g., connecting with God) was associated with beneficial outcomes, and negative religious coping (e.g., frustrations with one's spiritual community) related to poorer adjustment to sexual stigma. Data are presented on how religious coping varied as a function of religiosity and sexual identity development (e.g., disclosure of sexual orientation to others).

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Bilateral HPV Positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ of Conjunctiva.

A 45 year-old woman presented with blurred vision and irritation of the left eye. Clinical examination revealed a superior palpebral conjunctival lesion consistent with a diagnosis of papilloma. She was lost to follow up despite repeated attempts to schedule a biopsy, and presented again after an extended period with bilateral disease. Subsequent biopsy confirmed bilateral squamous cell carcinoma in situ which was human papilloma virus-16 positive by molecular testing. She declined further treatment; during the subsequent year, the lesions extended across the bulbar conjunctiva bilaterally. (C) 2017 by The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc., All rights reserved.

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Wrexham mum preparing to have tongue removed in order to save her life - LeaderLive

LeaderLive

Wrexham mum preparing to have tongue removed in order to save her life LeaderLive A woman with an incredibly rare form of cancer hopes to be able to communicate with her children despite preparing to have her tongue removed. Emma Jellicoe, 35, of Tanyfron, has been diagnosed with sclerosing microcystic adenocarcinoma, a cancer of ...

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