Worldwide Sex Ratio Variations in Cancer Incidence

Cancer is a major public health problem and a common indicator of the cancer burden is the incidence rate. This measure, which is useful in investigating etiology, is often obtained from population-based cancer registries in different regions. However, the incidence rate of cancer in any registry is only valid if the ascertainment of cancer cases approaches 100%. Incomplete ascertainment can lead to biased comparisons of incidence rates across worldwide regions. Sex ratio (SR) analysis of cancer incidence (age-standardized incidence rates in males relative to females) mitigates some of the methodological challenges created by imperfect case ascertainment in international cancer registries such as inter-regional variability in diagnostic techniques, prevention strategies, tumor definitions, coding practices and socio-cultural factors (provided that the ascertainment is similar among males and females in those registries).

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