[ASAP] Correction to “Total Synthesis of (-)-Chromodorolide B By a Computationally-Guided Radical Addition/Cyclization/Fragmentation Cascade”

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13203

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Comparison of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunostain for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma between paired cytological and surgical specimens

Huihong Xu, Laura Bratton, Michael Nead, Donna Russell, Zhongren Zhou

CytoJournal 2018 15(1):29-29

Background: programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a ligand for the inhibitory programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1), which are targeted by several anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 drugs for lung cancer treatment. In clinical practice, many lung cancer cases only have cytology samples available to test PD-L1. Our current study compared the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) between paired cytological and surgical samples. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed lung cancer tissue microarray and paired cell blocks and surgical specimens from the same patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 29) and adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 23) were sectioned for PD-L1 IHC. Results: PD-L1 was expressed on tumor cells in 16 of 29 (55%) SCC surgical specimens and 18 of 29 (62%) paired cytologic specimens with 83% matched immunostains. PD-L1 was expressed on tumor cells in 13 of 23 (57%) AC surgical specimens and in 17 of 23 (74%) paired cytologic specimens with 79% matched immunostains. The PD-L1 was expressed on inflammatory cells in 20 of 23 (87%) AC surgical specimens and in 15 of 23 (65%) paired cytologic specimens with 70% matched immunostains. The PD-L1 was expressed on inflammatory cells in 18 of 29 (62%) SCC surgical specimens and in 12 of 29 (41%) paired cytologic specimens with 79% matched immunostains. Conclusions: PD-L1 immunostain in cytology samples matched very well with paired surgical samples in both SCC and AC cases. The cytologic samples present slightly higher sensitivity for PD-L1 immunostain on tumor cells as compared to surgical biopsies.

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Cytology of achylous hematuria: A clue to an underlying uncommon clinical scenario

Manjari Kishore, Vijay Kumar, Manju Kaushal, Apoorva Gomber

CytoJournal 2018 15(1):30-30



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Testing Novel Payment and Delivery Approaches Through the Veterans Health Administration's New Center for Innovation

The recently established Center for Innovation for Care and Payment will give the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) the ability to test novel payment and service delivery models; will facilitate the VA's shift toward value-based coverage strategies, with a greater emphasis on population health; and will empower the VA to collaborate with other payers to drive improvements in quality, costs, and efficiency. The authors discuss these opportunities as well as the risks for unintended consequences.

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Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk.

Purpose:

To compare benefits and harms between catheter ablation and drug therapy in adult patients with AF and HF.

Data Sources:

ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), EBSCO Information Services, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and various scientific conference sessions from 1 January 2005 to 1 October 2018.

Study Selection:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English that had at least 6 months of follow-up and compared clinical outcomes of catheter ablation versus drug therapy in adults with AF and HF.

Data Extraction:

2 investigators independently extracted data and assessed study quality.

Data Synthesis:

6 RCTs involving 775 patients met inclusion criteria. Compared with drug therapy, AF ablation reduced all-cause mortality (9.0% vs. 17.6%; risk ratio [RR], 0.52 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.81) and HF hospitalizations (16.4% vs. 27.6%; RR, 0.60 [CI, 0.39 to 0.93]). Ablation improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (mean difference, 6.95% [CI, 3.0% to 10.9%]), 6-minute walk test distance (mean difference, 20.93 m [CI, 5.91 to 35.95 m]), peak oxygen consumption (Vo₂max) (mean difference, 3.17 mL/kg per minute [CI, 1.26 to 5.07 mL/kg per minute]), and quality of life (mean difference in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score, −9.02 points [CI, −19.75 to 1.71 points]). Serious adverse events were more common in the ablation groups, although differences between the ablation and drug therapy groups were not statistically significant (7.2% vs. 3.8%; RR, 1.68 [CI, 0.58 to 4.85]).

Limitation:

Results driven primarily by 1 clinical trial, possible patient selection bias in the ablation group, lack of patient-level data, open-label trial designs, and heterogeneous follow-up length among trials.

Conclusion:

Catheter ablation was superior to conventional drug therapy in improving all-cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, LVEF, 6-minute walk test distance, Vo₂max, and quality of life, with no statistically significant increase in serious adverse events.

Primary Funding Source:

None.

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A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient

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[ASAP] Wafer-Sized Ultrathin Gallium and Indium Nitride Nanosheets through the Ammonolysis of Liquid Metal Derived Oxides

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11483

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[ASAP] Ultrasmall Abundant Metal-Based Clusters as Oxygen-Evolving Catalysts

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09076

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[ASAP] Probing O–H Bonding through Proton Detected 1H–17O Double Resonance Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10878

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[ASAP] Concise Total Synthesis of Herqulines B and C

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13029

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Clinical evaluation of a newly developed graft inserter (NS Endo-Inserter) for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty

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Risk factors for ocular surface damage in Mexican patients with dry eye disease: a population-based study

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Leveraging Medical Imaging for Medical Education − A Cinematic Rendering-Featured Lecture

Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018

Source: Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

Author(s): Johannes Binder, Christian Krautz, Klaus Engel, Franz A. Fellner, Pascal H.M. Burger, Michael Scholz

Abstract

Background

The integration of medical imaging into anatomical education offers advantages in understanding and learning. However, spatial orientation with conventional (2D) imaging data is challenging, and the students' ability to imagine structures in three dimensions is individual. In addition, the quality of current volume rendering methods is limited.

Objective

We tested Cinematic Rendering (CR), a novel visualization technique that provides photorealistic volume rendering, in the setting of an interactive anatomy lecture with first-year undergraduate medical and dental students. Our goal was to estimate the acceptance and positive effects CR adds to the subjects.

Methods

A total of 120 students were surveyed with specifically designed self-assessment questionnaires on the use of CR as a tool in anatomical education.

Results

Of 120 participating students (87 medical and 33 dental) a large majority of 95.9% (Q3) experienced CR as helpful to understand anatomy better. Overall a large majority of the students experienced CR as helpful for learning and understanding, 85% saw an improvement in anatomical education through the integration of CR (Q3-6) and could also imagine using CR as a self-study tool on an electronic device.

Conclusion

Our undergraduate medical and dental students experienced CR as a beneficial tool for anatomical education in the chosen setting (lecture) and see further opportunities for the sensible use of this technique. Future research on the topic should include other application possibilities as well.

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Future Oncology; +31 new citations

31 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

Future Oncology

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/12/24

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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[ASAP] Catalytic, Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Carbamates from Dialkyl Amines by CO2-Capture: Discovery, Development, and Mechanism

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11793

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epilepsy treatment; +22 new citations

22 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

epilepsy treatment

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/12/24

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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ATM Dependent DUSP6 Modulation of p53 Involved in Synergistic Targeting of MAPK and p53 Pathways with Trametinib and MDM2 Inhibitors in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Related Articles

ATM Dependent DUSP6 Modulation of p53 Involved in Synergistic Targeting of MAPK and p53 Pathways with Trametinib and MDM2 Inhibitors in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Cancers (Basel). 2018 Dec 20;11(1):

Authors: Wu CE, Koay TS, Esfandiari A, Ho YH, Lovat P, Lunec J

Abstract
MAPK and p14ARF⁻MDM2⁻p53 pathways are critical in cutaneous melanomas. Here, synergistic combination of the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, with MDM2 inhibitors, nutlin-3/RG7388/HDM201, and the mechanistic basis of responses, for BRAFV600E and p53WT melanoma cells, are reported. The combination treatments induced higher levels of p53 target gene transcripts and protein products, resulting in increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis compared with MDM2 inhibitors alone, suggesting trametinib synergized with MDM2 inhibitors via upregulation of p53-dependent pathways. In addition, DUSP6 phosphatase involvement was indicated by downregulation of its mRNA and protein following pERK reduction by trametinib. Furthermore, suppression of DUSP6 by siRNA, or inhibition with the small molecule inhibitor, BCI, at a dose without cytotoxicity, potentiated the effect of MDM2 inhibitors through increased ATM-dependent p53 phosphorylation, as demonstrated by complete reversal with the ATM inhibitor, KU55933. Trametinib synergizes with MDM2 inhibitors through a novel DUSP6 mechanism in BRAFV600E and p53WT melanoma cells, in which DUSP6 regulation of p53 phosphorylation is mediated by ATM. This provides a new therapeutic rationale for combination treatments involving activation of the ATM/p53 pathway and MAPK pathway inhibition.

PMID: 30577494 [PubMed]

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"World Neurosurg"[jour]; +58 new citations

58 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"World Neurosurg"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/12/24

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Future Oncology; +31 new citations

31 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

Future Oncology

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/12/24

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Is trastuzumab as a single agent obsolete in early breast cancer? No.

Related Articles

Is trastuzumab as a single agent obsolete in early breast cancer? No.

Breast. 2018 Dec 18;:

Authors: Bianchini G

Abstract
Until very recently, the "one size fits all" approach, with trastuzumab and chemotherapy with or without endocrine therapy, has been considered standard of care in almost all patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer. The combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy is considered an undeniable therapy in this setting, given the unquestionable clinical benefit and the favorable safety profile. This almost universal adoption of trastuzumab-based therapies in early breast cancer has led to a proportional increase of overtreated patients, thus making treatment de-escalation in HER2-positive early breast cancer one of the major and more urgent unmet clinical need. In patients with HER2-positive disease at low/intermediate risk, single agent trastuzumab is not at all obsolete, and actually it remains the standard of care and represents the basis for many current efforts to a tailored treatment de-escalation. In this population, it is now crucial to improve treatment tailoring, by fine-tuning both patient selection and treatment administration.

PMID: 30578129 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Therapy Landscape in Patients with Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Data from the PRAEGNANT Real-World Breast Cancer Registry.

Related Articles

Therapy Landscape in Patients with Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Data from the PRAEGNANT Real-World Breast Cancer Registry.

Cancers (Basel). 2018 Dec 21;11(1):

Authors: Lux MP, Nabieva N, Hartkopf AD, Huober J, Volz B, Taran FA, Overkamp F, Kolberg HC, Hadji P, Tesch H, Häberle L, Ettl J, Lüftner D, Wallwiener M, Müller V, Beckmann MW, Belleville E, Wimberger P, Hielscher C, Geberth M, Abenhardt W, Kurbacher C, Wuerstlein R, Thomssen C, Untch M, Fasching PA, Janni W, Fehm TN, Wallwiener D, Schneeweiss A, Brucker SY

Abstract
This study presents comprehensive real-world data on the use of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Specifically, it describes therapy patterns with trastuzumab (H), pertuzumab + trastuzumab (PH), lapatinib (L), and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). The PRAEGNANT study is a real-time, real-world registry for MBC patients. All therapy lines are documented. This analysis describes the utilization of anti-HER2 therapies as well as therapy sequences. Among 1936 patients in PRAEGNANT, 451 were HER2-positive (23.3%). In the analysis set (417 patients), 53% of whom were included in PRAEGNANT in the first-line setting, 241 were treated with H, 237 with PH, 85 with L, and 125 with T-DM1 during the course of their therapies. The sequence PH → T-DM1 was administered in 51 patients. Higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores, negative hormone receptor status, and visceral or brain metastases were associated with more frequent use of this therapy sequence. Most patients received T-DM1 after treatment with pertuzumab. Both novel therapies (PH and T-DM1) are utilized in a high proportion of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. As most patients receive T-DM1 after PH, real-world data may help to clarify whether the efficacy of this sequence is similar to that in the approval study.

PMID: 30577662 [PubMed]

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"World Neurosurg"[jour]; +58 new citations

58 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"World Neurosurg"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/12/24

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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epilepsy treatment; +22 new citations

22 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

epilepsy treatment

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/12/24

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Reports from a Healthy Community: The 7th Conference on Beneficial Microbes.

Related Articles

Reports from a Healthy Community: The 7th Conference on Beneficial Microbes.

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2018 Dec 21;:

Authors: Mandel MJ, Broderick NA, Martens EC, Guillemin K

Abstract
The last two decades have seen an explosion in research about the beneficial microbial communities associated with plants and animals. Initially this explosion was driven by technological advances that enabled explorations of microbiomes on unprecedented scales. Increasingly, the drive is coming from conceptual advances that are the fruit of research investments into experimental systems to probe the functions of these beneficial microbes and their mechanisms of action. The Conference on Beneficial Microbes has been one of the premiere venues for this research. The 7th Conference on Beneficial Microbes was held July 8-11, 2018, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Memorial Union. The 308 attendees-representing academia, industry, journals, and funding agencies-participated in an intense 4-day meeting encompassing research frontiers in beneficial microbiology and microbiome science.

PMID: 30578257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Condyloma Acuminata Presenting as Isolated Papillary Lesions in the Prostatic Urethra.

Related Articles

Condyloma Acuminata Presenting as Isolated Papillary Lesions in the Prostatic Urethra.

Am J Case Rep. 2018 Dec 22;19:1522-1525

Authors: Zayko MO, Velilla RE, Shurbaji MS

Abstract
BACKGROUND A condyloma acuminatum is a sexually transmitted, human papillomavirus (HPV) associated, neoplasm. In men, it is predominantly found on external genitalia and rarely progresses more proximally than the distal penile urethra. Condyloma acuminata of the prostatic urethra are rare and are usually seen as an extension of, or in association with external lesions. Therefore, it is not typically considered in the differential diagnosis of isolated papillary lesions limited to the prostatic urethra. CASE REPORT A 62-year-old male with rheumatoid arthritis treated with abatacept presented to urology due to a history of intermittent bladder self-catheterization for urinary obstruction. He underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate and had incidental findings of papillary lesions restricted to the prostatic urethra that were presumed to be urothelial carcinoma. Microscopic examination established the diagnosis of condyloma acuminata, and low-risk HPV 6 and 11 were detected by in-situ hybridization. Subsequent cystoscopy showed marked growth and extension of condyloma acuminata to near the external meatus. After multiple treatments with intraurethral 5-fluorouracil, several small lesions remained in the bulbous urethra. With follow up for 2 years since diagnosis, the patient has not developed external condylomata. CONCLUSIONS A condyloma acuminatum might present as an isolated papillary growth in the prostatic urethra without clinical or historical evidence of a visible lesion on external genitalia. Immunosuppression and/or urethral instrumentation might be a risk factor for such a presentation. Urologists and pathologists should be aware of this rare possibility in order to avoid misdiagnosis, and ensure that the patient receives appropriate therapy.

PMID: 30578409 [PubMed - in process]

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Calliandra portoricensis Benth exhibits anticancer effects via alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and growth arrest in prostate LNCaP cells.

Calliandra portoricensis Benth exhibits anticancer effects via alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and growth arrest in prostate LNCaP cells.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Dec 20;:

Authors: Oyebode OT, Owumi SE, Oyelere AK, Olorunsogo OO

Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Apoptosis is downregulated in all forms of cancers. The mitochondrion has been implicated in the apoptotic process and, recently has been targeted in cancer therapy because of its role in cancer progression. Medicinal plants are used in the treatment of cancer, in particular, Calliandra portoricensis (CP) in the management of prostate cancer in Nigeria ethnomedicine.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was designed to investigate the effects of CP on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and cell proliferation using prostate cancer cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prostatic LNCaP, DU-145, lung adenocarcinoma and healthy VERO cells were used to assess cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Levels of pro-apoptotic Bax, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Cytochrome C Release (CCR) and activation of caspases 3(C3) and 9 (C9) were determined by ELISA, while mitochondrial integrity was evaluated by Fluorescent Intensity Ratio (FIR).
RESULTS: Methanol Fraction of C. portoricensis (MFCP) inhibited proliferation of prostatic LNCaP, DU-145, lung adenocarcinoma and healthy VERO cells with IC50 values of 2.4± 0.2, 3.3± 0.2, 3.6 ± 0.2 and 17.9 ± 1.6µg/mL, respectively. The growth inhibition by MFCP correlated with a 3-fold decreased expression of Bcl-2 and a 4-fold increase in Bax levels at 10µg/mL in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, MFCP caused a 3.5-fold reduction in FIR at 10µg/mL and induced CCR by 4.2 folds at the same concentration relative to control. The MFCP-induced CCR is associated with activation of C3 and C9 at 10µg/mL by 4.2 and 5.1 folds, respectively which prompted cancer cells to arrest at S phase. The LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols including gallic acid and afzelechin in MFCP.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, MFCP- induced cell death is mediated by alteration of mitochondrial integrity and cell cycle arrest. Hence, methanol fraction of C. portoricensis may be effective for cancer pharmacotherapy.

PMID: 30580026 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Synthesis, anticancer activity, toxicity evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel phenylaminopyrimidine-(thio)urea hybrids as potential kinase inhibitors.

Synthesis, anticancer activity, toxicity evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel phenylaminopyrimidine-(thio)urea hybrids as potential kinase inhibitors.

Comput Biol Chem. 2018 Dec 12;78:227-241

Authors: Türe A, Kahraman DC, Cetin-Atalay R, Helvacıoğlu S, Charehsaz M, Küçükgüzel İ

Abstract
Thirty-two novel urea/thiourea compounds as potential kinase inhibitor were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on breast (MCF7), colon (HCT116) and liver (Huh7) cancer cell lines. Compounds 10, 19 and 30 possessing anticancer activity with IC50 values of 0.9, 0.8 and 1.6μM respectively on Huh7 cells were selected for further studies. These hit compounds were tested against liver carcinoma panel. Real time cell electronic sensing assay was used to evaluate the effects of the compounds 10, 19 and 30 on the growth pattern of liver cancer cells. Apoptotic cell death and cell cycle analysis upon treatment of liver carcinoma cells with hit compounds were determined. A significant apoptotic cell death was detected upon treatment of Huh7 and Mahlavu cells with compound 30 after 48 h of treatment. Additionally, compound 10 caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Mutagenicity of hit compounds was evaluated. Assertively, these compounds were not found to be mutagenic on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. To understand the binding modes of the synthesized compounds, molecular docking studies were performed using the crystal data of VEGFR and Src-kinase enzymes in correlation with anticancer activities.

PMID: 30579980 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Icariside II induces cell cycle arrest and differentiation via TLR8/MyD88/p38 pathway in acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Icariside II induces cell cycle arrest and differentiation via TLR8/MyD88/p38 pathway in acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Eur J Pharmacol. 2018 Dec 20;:

Authors: Yang J, Lan J, Du H, Zhang X, Li A, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang C, Ding Y, Zhang T

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating hematological malignancy, characterized by differentiation arrest and unscheduled proliferation of immature cells of the myeloid lineage. Inducing AML cell differentiation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the therapy of AML. Icariside II, an active component of Herba Epimedii, has been well defined to promote osteogenic differentiation. However, the differentiation-inducing effect of Icariside II on AML cells has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the differentiation-inducing effect and underlying mechanism of Icariside II in AML HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines. Icariside II induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest by down-regulating Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6) and up-regulating Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21 and p27). Importantly, Icariside II could induce differentiation of AML cells, accompanied by the up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and phosphorylated p38. Further study indicated the cell cycle arrest and differentiation induced by Icariside II could be abrogated by TLR8-specific inhibitor CU-CPT9a. Collectively, these findings firstly demonstrate Icariside II induces cell cycle arrest and differentiation of AML cells via activation of TLR8/MyD88/p38 pathway, suggesting Icariside II could be developed into a novel differentiation-inducing agent for AML.

PMID: 30579933 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Synthesis of novel pyrazoline derivatives and the evaluation of death mechanisms involved in their antileukemic activity.

Synthesis of novel pyrazoline derivatives and the evaluation of death mechanisms involved in their antileukemic activity.

Bioorg Med Chem. 2018 Dec 07;:

Authors: Stefanes NM, Toigo J, Maioral MF, Jacques AV, Chiaradia-Delatorre LD, Perondi DM, Ribeiro AAB, Bigolin Á, Pirath IMS, Duarte BF, Nunes RJ, Santos-Silva MC

Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are one of the leading causes of death worldwide and hematologic malignancies, including acute leukemia (AL) is one of the most relevant cancer types. Current available chemotherapeutics are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, therefore, the search for new molecules with antitumor activity, specific and selective for neoplastic cells, became a great challenge for researchers in the oncology field. As pyrazolines stand out in the literature for their great variety of biological activities, the aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the antileukemic activity of five new pyrazoline derivatives. All pyrazolines showed adequate physicochemical properties for a good oral bioavailability. The two unpublished and most effective pyrazoline derivatives have been selected for further experiments. These compounds are highly selective for leukemic cells when compared to non-neoplastic cells and did not cause lysis on human red blood cells. Additionally, selected pyrazolines induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and decreased cell proliferation marker KI67. Apoptotic cell death induced by selected pyrazolines was confirmed by morphological analysis, assessment of phosphatidylserine residue exposure and DNA fragmentation. Several factors indicate that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis occurred. These were: increased FasR expression; the predominance of Bax in relation to Bcl-2; the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; AIF release; decreased expression of survivin (an antiapoptotic protein); and the activation of caspase-3. The selected pyrazolines were also found to be cytotoxic against neoplastic cells collected from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with different subtypes of acute leukemia.

PMID: 30579801 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Chrysin inhibit human melanoma A375.S2 cell migration and invasion via affecting MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro.

Related Articles

Chrysin inhibit human melanoma A375.S2 cell migration and invasion via affecting MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro.

Environ Toxicol. 2018 Dec 22;:

Authors: Chen HY, Jiang YW, Kuo CL, Way TD, Chou YC, Chang YS, Chung JG

Abstract
Numerous evidences have shown that chrysin induced cytotoxic effects via induced cell cycle arrest and induction of cell apoptosis in human cancer cell lines, however, no information showed that chrysin inhibited skin cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated anti-metastasis mechanisms of chrysin in human melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells in vitro. Under sub-lethal concentrations of chrysin (0, 5, 10, and 15 μM) which inhibits cell mobility, migration and invasion of A375.S2 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell filter. That chrysin inhibited MMP-2 activity in A375.S2 cells was investigated by gelatin zymography assay. Western blotting was used to examine protein expression and results indicated that chrysin inhibited the expression of GRB2, SOS-1, PKC, p-AKT (Thr308), NF-κBp65, and NF-κBp50 at 24 and 48 hours treatment, but only at 10-15 μM of chrysin decreased Ras, PI3K, p-c-Jun, and Snail only at 48 hours treatment and only decrease p-AKT(Ser473) at 24 hours treatment. Furthermore, chrysin (5-15 μM) decreased the expression of uPA, N-cadherin and MMP-1 at 24 and 48 hours treatment but only decreased MMP-2 and VEGF at 48 hours treatment at 10-15 μM and 5-15 μM of chrysin, respectively, however, increased E-cadherin at 5-15 μM treatment. Results of confocal laser microscopy systems indicated that chrysin inhibited expression of NF-κBp65 in A375.S2 cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that chrysin can be used in anti-metastasis of human melanoma cells in the future.

PMID: 30578657 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Lignans from Bursera fagaroides Affect In Vivo Cell Behavior by Disturbing the Tubulin Cytoskeleton in Zebrafish Embryos.

Related Articles

Lignans from Bursera fagaroides Affect In Vivo Cell Behavior by Disturbing the Tubulin Cytoskeleton in Zebrafish Embryos.

Molecules. 2018 Dec 20;24(1):

Authors: Antúnez-Mojica M, Rojas-Sepúlveda AM, Mendieta-Serrano MA, Gonzalez-Maya L, Marquina S, Salas-Vidal E, Alvarez L

Abstract
By using a zebrafish embryo model to guide the chromatographic fractionation of antimitotic secondary metabolites, seven podophyllotoxin-type lignans were isolated from a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the steam bark of Bursera fagaroides. The compounds were identified as podophyllotoxin (1), β-peltatin-A-methylether (2), 5'-desmethoxy-β-peltatin-A-methylether (3), desmethoxy-yatein (4), desoxypodophyllotoxin (5), burseranin (6), and acetyl podophyllotoxin (7). The biological effects on mitosis, cell migration, and microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling of lignans 1⁻7 were further evaluated in zebrafish embryos by whole-mount immunolocalization of the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3 and by a tubulin antibody. We found that lignans 1, 2, 4, and 7 induced mitotic arrest, delayed cell migration, and disrupted the microtubule cytoskeleton in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, microtubule cytoskeleton destabilization was observed also in PC3 cells, except for 7. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the cytotoxic activity of 1, 2, and 4 is mediated by their microtubule-destabilizing activity. In general, the in vivo and in vitro models here used displayed equivalent mitotic effects, which allows us to conclude that the zebrafish model can be a fast and cheap in vivo model that can be used to identify antimitotic natural products through bioassay-guided fractionation.

PMID: 30577489 [PubMed - in process]

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2QTdRvy

Does dual‐energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) have improved image quality over routine single‐energy CTPA?

Abstract

Introduction

The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic sensitivity between dual‐energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) studies and routine single‐energy CTPA studies.

Methods

A total of 117 patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism were examined with dual‐energy CTPA (DECT) and reformatted single‐energy multidetector CTPA (MDCT) studies. Two independent radiologists assessed the image quality of the CTPAs with objective and subjective parameters, including by assigning an image quality score out of 10 for each study. Dose length product and effective dose were also calculated and compared.

Results

The subjective image quality score for DECT and MDCT studies was 9.19 and 7.88, respectively; however, the increased level of detail in DECT may not be clinically applicable. Pulmonary artery filling defects were found in 12 patients, with no subjective diagnostic differences between dual‐energy or single‐energy studies with either radiologist. The effective dose for DECT ranged from 1.8 to 7.8 mSv. The effective dose for MDCT ranged from 1.2 to 6.4 mSv.

Conclusions

Radiologists are trained to look at routine MDCTs with high specificity and sensitivity. DECTs do not appear to offer trained radiologists improved detection of clinically relevant pulmonary emboli.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GAwOht

Disseminated Mucormycosis with Positive Aspergillus Galactomannan

We describe a case of disseminated mucormycosis (Apophysomyces elegans) diagnosed on autopsy, in a man who had been working in construction with undiagnosed neutropenia from hairy-cell leukemia, which is rarely associated with invasive mold infections. Galactomannan values in both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were strongly positive. There is an unmet need for accurate noninvasive fungal diagnostic tests. Detailed history, including occupational exposures, can be more informative than laboratory workup.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2PZxGf6

CHECK UP ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ,ΒΑΣΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΠΑΙΔΙΑ κ' ΕΝΗΛΙΚΕΣ,Ελληνικά Αλλεργιογόνα

ΒΑΣΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΠΑΙΔΙΑ κ' ΕΝΗΛΙΚΕΣ
E1 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΓΑΤΑΣ (Felis domesticus)
F2 ΓΑΛΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
F4 ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
F14 ΣΟΓΙΑ (Glycine max - Soja hispida)
F1 ΑΣΠΡΑΔΙ ΑΥΓΟΥ
F75 KΡΟΚΟΣ AΥΓΟΥ
D1 DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS
D2 DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE
D3 DERMATOPHAGOIDES MICROCERAS
G6 ΦΛΕΟΝ ΤΟ ΛΕΙΜΩΝΙΟΝ / ΤΡΙΦΥΛΛΙ (Phleum pretense)
ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΣΕ ΕΙΣΠΝΕΟΜΕΝΑ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΑ
D1 DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS
D2 DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE
D3 DERMATOPHAGOIDES MICROCERAS
G6 ΦΛΕΟΝ ΤΟ ΛΕΙΜΩΝΙΟΝ / ΤΡΙΦΥΛΛΙ (Phleum pretense)
E1 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΓΑΤΑΣ (Felis domesticus)
E5 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΣΚΥΛΟΥ (Canis familiaris)
M2 Cladosporium herbarum
M3 Aspergillus fumigatus
M6 Alternaria alternata
W1 ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ ΚΟΙΝΗ (Ambrosia elatior)
T3 ΣΗΜΥΔΑ (Betula verrucosa)



CHECK UP ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ
ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΣΕ ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ
F1 ΑΣΠΡΑΔΙ ΑΥΓΟΥ
F75 KΡΟΚΟΣ AΥΓΟΥ
F2 ΓΑΛΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ
F78 KΑΖΕΪΝΗ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΣ
F26 XΟΙΡΙΝΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Sus sp.)
F27 ΜΟΣΧΑΡΙΣΙΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Bos sp.)
F83 ΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟ (Gallus sp.)
F4 ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
F5 ΣΙΚΑΛΗ (Secale cereal)
F8 ΚΑΛΑΜΠΟΚΙ (Zea mays)
F9 ΡΥΖΙ (Oryza sativa)
F14 ΣΟΓΙΑ (Glycine max - Soja hispida)
F15 ΦΑΣΟΛΙ ΑΣΠΡΟ (Phaseolus vulgaris)
F25 NΤΟΜΑΤΑ (Lycopersicon lycopersicum)
F31 ΚΑΡΟΤΟ (Daucus carota)
F35 ΠΑΤΑΤΑ (Solanum tuberosum)
F48 KΡΕΜΜΥΔΙ (Allium cepa)
F85 ΣΕΛΙΝΟ (Apium graveolens)
F216 ΛΑΧΑΝΟ (Brassica oleracea capitata)
F49 MΗΛΟ (Malus domestica)
F92 MΠΑΝΑΝΑ (Musa sp.)
F33 ΠΟΡΤΟΚΑΛΙ (Citrus sinensis)
F95 ΡΟΔΑΚΙΝΟ (Prunus persica)
F44 ΦΡΑΟΥΛΑ (Fragaria vesca)
F20 AΜΥΓΔΑΛΟ (Amygdalus communis)
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
F17 ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΚΙ (Corylus avellana)
F256 ΚΑΡΥΔΙ (Juglans regia)
F45 MΑΓΙΑ (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F93 KΑΚΑΟ (Theobroma cacao)
F3 ΜΠΑΚΑΛΙΑΡΟΣ (Gadus morhua)
F24 ΓΑΡΙΔΑ (Pandalus borealis)
F41 ΣΟΛΩΜΟΣ (Salmo salar)
F40 TOΝΟΣ (Thunnus albacares)

ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΣΕ ΞΗΡΟΥΣ ΚΑΡΠΟΥΣ
F10 ΣΟΥΣΑΜΙ (Sesamum indicum)
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
F17 ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΚΙ (Corylus avellana)
F18 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΒΡΑΖΙΛΙΑΝΙΚΟ (Bertholletia excelsa)
F20 AΜΥΓΔΑΛΟ (Amygdalus communis)
F183 ΗΛΙΟΣΠΟΡΟΣ (Helianthus annuus)
F201 ΠΕΚΑΝ (Carya illinoensis)
F202 ΚΑΣΙΟΥΣ (Anacardium occidentale)
F203 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΚΕΛΥΦΩΤΟ (Pistacia vera)
F256 ΚΑΡΥΔΙ (Juglans regia)
ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΣΕ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΚΑ
F4 ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
F5 ΣΙΚΑΛΗ (Secale cereal)
F6 ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙ (Hordeum vulgare)
F7 ΒΡΩΜΗ (Avena sativa)

ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΚΡΗΤΩΝ
M6 Alternaria alternata
E1 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΓΑΤΑΣ (Felis domesticus)
F1 ΑΣΠΡΑΔΙ ΑΥΓΟΥ
F2 ΓΑΛΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
D1 DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS
D2 DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE
D3 DERMATOPHAGOIDES MICROCERAS
G5 ΗΡΑ ΠΟΛΥΕΤΗΣ (Lolium perenne)
G6 ΦΛΕΟΝ ΤΟ ΛΕΙΜΩΝΙΟΝ / ΤΡΙΦΥΛΛΙ (Phleum pretense)
T9 ΕΛΙΑ (Olea europaea)

ΚΑΤΑΛΟΓΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΩΝ

ΓΥΡΗ ΠΟΩΔΩΝ ΦΥΤΩΝ (GRASS POLLENS)
G1 ΑΝΘΟΞΑΝΘΟ / ΧΛΟΗ (Anthoxanthum odoratum)
G2 ΑΓΡΙΑΔΑ (Cynodon dactylon)
G3 ΔΑΚΤΥΛΙΔΑ / ΧΛΟΗ ΚΗΠΟΥ (Dactylis glomerata)
G4 ΧΛΟΗ ΛΙΒΑΔΙΟΥ / ΦΕΣΤΟΥΚΑ (Festuca elatior)
G5 ΗΡΑ ΠΟΛΥΕΤΗΣ (Lolium perenne)
G6 ΦΛΕΟΝ ΤΟ ΛΕΙΜΩΝΙΟΝ / ΤΡΙΦΥΛΛΙ (Phleum pretense)
G7 ΚΑΛΑΜΙ (Phragmites communis)
G8 ΛΕΙΒΑΔΟΠΟΑ ΛΕΙΑ (Poa pratensis)
G9 ΑΓΡΩΣΤΗ (Agrostis stolonifera)
G10 ΒΕΛΙΟΥΡΑΣ / ΣΟΡΓΟΝ (Sorghum halepense)
G11 AΓΡΙΟΒΡΩΜΗ (Bromus inermis)
G12 ΚΑΛΛΙΕΡΓΟΥΜΕΝΗ ΣΙΚΑΛΗ (Secale cereale)
G13 ΟΛΚΟΣ ΤΡΙΧΩΤΟΣ (Holcus lanatus)
G14 ΚΑΛΛΙΕΡΓΟΥΜΕΝΗ ΒΡΩΜΗ (Avena sativa)
G15 ΚΑΛΛΙΕΡΓΟΥΜΕΝΟ ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
G16 ΑΛΩΠΕΚΟΥΡΟΣ (Alopecurus pratensis)
G17 ΠΑΣΠΑΛΟΣ (Paspalum notatum)
G70 ΕΛΥΜΟΣ (Elymus triticoides)
G71 ΦΑΛΑΡΗ (Phalaris arundinacea)
G201 ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙ (Hordeum vulgare)
G202 ΚΑΛΑΜΠΟΚΙ (Zea mays)
G203 ΑΛΑΤΟΧΟΡΤΟ (Distichlis spicata)
G204 ΒΡΩΜΗ Η ΥΨΗΛΗ (Arrhenatherum elatius)

ΓΥΡΗ ΑΓΡΙΟΧΟΡΤΩΝ-ΖΙΖΑΝΙΩΝ (WEED POLLENS)
W1 ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ ΚΟΙΝΗ (Ambrosia elatior)
W2 ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ ΔΥΤΙΚΗ (Ambrosia psilostachya)
W3 ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ (Ambrosia trifida)
W4 ΨΕΥΔΟΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ (Franseria acanthicarpa)
W5 ΑΨΙΘΙΑ (Artemisia absinthium)
W6 ΑΡΤΕΜΙΣΙΑ (Artemisia vulgaris)
W7 ΜΑΡΓΑΡΙΤΑ (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)
W8 ΑΓΡΙΟΡΑΔΙΚΟ (Taraxacum vulgare)
W9 ΠΕΝΤΑΝΕΥΡΟ (Plantago lanceolata)
W10 ΛΟΥΒΟΥΔΙΑ (Chenopodium album)
W11 RUSSIAN THISTLE (Salsola kali)
W12 ΧΡΥΣΟΒΕΡΓΑ (Solidago virgaurea)
W13 ΞΑΝΘΙΟ (Xanthium commune)
W14 ΑΜΑΡΑΝΘΟΣ (Amaranthus retroflexus)
W16 ROUGH MARSH ELDER (Iva ciliata)
W17 ΚΟΧΙΑ (Kochia scoparia)
W18 ΛΑΠΑΘΟ (Rumex acetosa)
W19 ΠΕΡΔΙΚΑΚΙ (Parietaria officinalis)
W20 ΤΣΟΥΚΝΙΔΑ (Urtica dioica)
W21 ΠΕΡΔΙΚΑΚΙ (Parietaria judaica)
W22 ΑΣΙΑΤΙΚΟΣ ΛΥΚΙΣΚΟΣ (Humulus scandens)
W23 ΑΓΡΙΟΛΑΠΑΘΟ (Rumex crispus)
W45 ΜΗΔΙΚΗ (Medicago sativa)
W46 ΕΥΠΑΤΟΡΙΟ (Eupatorium capillifolium)
W82 ΑΜΑΡΑΝΘΟΣ PALMER (Amaranthus palmeri)
W203 ΕΛΑΙΟΚΡΑΜΒΗ (Brassica napus)
W204 ΗΛΙΑΝΘΟΣ (Helianthus annuus)
W206 ΧΑΜΟΜΗΛΙ (Matricaria chamomilla)
W207 ΛΟΥΠΙΝΟ (Lupinus sp.)
W210 ΖΑΧΑΡΟΤΕΥΤΛΟ (Beta vulgaris)

ΓΥΡΗ ΔΕΝΤΡΩΝ (TREE POLLENS)
T1 ΣΦΕΝΔΑΜΟΣ (Acer negundo)
T2 ΑΛΝΟΣ / ΣΚΛΗΘΡΑ (Alnus incana)
T3 ΣΗΜΥΔΑ (Betula verrucosa)
T4 ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΚΙΑ (Corylus avellana)
T5 ΑΜΕΡΙΚΑΝΙΚΗ ΟΞΙΑ (Fagus grandifolia)
T6 ΚΕΔΡΟΣ ΒΟΥΝΟΥ / ΑΡΚΕΥΘΟΣ (Juniperus sabina)
T7 ΔΡΥΣ / ΒΕΛΑΝΙΔΙΑ (Quercus alba)
T8 ΦΤΕΛΙΑ (Ulmus americana)
T9 ΕΛΙΑ (Olea europaea)
T10 ΚΑΡΥΔΙΑ (Juglans californica)
T11 ΠΛΑΤΑΝΟS (Platanus acerifolia)
T12 IΤΙΑ (Salix caprea)
T14 ΛΕΥΚΑ (Populus deltoides)
T15 ΜΕΛΙΑ / ΦΡΑΞΟΣ (Fraxinus americana)
T16 ΛΕΥΚΟ ΠΕΥΚΟ (Pinus strobus)
T17 ΙΑΠΩΝΙΚΟΣ ΚΕΔΡΟΣ (Cryptomeria japonica)
T18 ΕΥΚΑΛΥΠΤΟΣ (Eucalyptus sp.)
T19 ΑΚΑΚΙΑ (Acacia longifolia)
T20 ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΣ (Prosopis juliflora)
T21 ΜΑΛΑΛΕΥΚΗ (Melaleuca leucadendron)
T23 ΚΥΠΑΡΙΣΣΙ (Cupressus sempervirens)
T25 ΦΡΑΞΟΣ (Fraxinus excelsior)
T37 ΦΑΛΑΚΡΟ ΚΥΠΑΡΙΣΣΙ (Taxodium distichum)
T44 ΜΕΛΙΚΟΚΙΑ / ΚΕΛΤΙΣ (Celtis occidentalis)
T45 ΦΤΕΛΙΑ ΠΑΧΥΦΥΛΛΗ (Ulmus crassifolia)
T56 ΜΥΡΙΚΗ (Myrica cerifera)
T70 ΜΟΥΡΙΑ ΛΕΥΚΗ (Morus alba)
T71 ΜΟΥΡΙΑ ΕΡΥΘΡΗ (Morus rubra)
T72 ΚΟΚΟΦΟΙΝΙΚΑΣ (Arecastrum romanzoffianum)
T73 ΑΥΣΤΡΑΛΙΑΝΟ ΠΕΥΚΟ (Casuarina equisetifolia)
T201 ΕΡΥΘΡΕΛΑΤΗ (Picea abies)
T203 ΑΓΡΙΟΚΑΣΤΑΝΙΑ (Aesculus hippocastanum)
T205 ΚΟΥΦΟΞΥΛΙΑ (Sambucus nigra)
T206 ΚΑΣΤΑΝΙΑ (Castanea sativa)
T207 ΨΕΥΔΟΤΣΟΥΓΚΑ (Pseudotsuga taxifolia)
T208 ΦΛΑΜΟΥΡΙΑ (Tilia cordata)
T209 ΓΑΥΡΟΣ (Carpinus betulus)
T210 ΛΙΓΟΥΣΤΡΟ (Ligustrum vulgare)
T212 ΚΑΛΟΚΕΔΡΟΣ (Libocedrus decurrens)
T213 ΠΕΥΚΟ ΚΑΛΙΦΟΡΝΙΑΣ (Pinus radiata)
T214 ΦΟΙΝΙΚΑΣ ΚΑΝΑΡΙΟΣ (Phoenix canariensis)
T217 ΣΧΙΝΟΣ / ΨΕΥΔΟΠΙΠΕΡΙΑ (Schinus molle)
T222 ΚΥΠΑΡΙΣΣΙ ΑΡΙΖΟΝΑΣ (Cupressus arizonica)
T223 ΕΛΑΪΣ ΓΟΥΙΝΕΑΣ (Elaeis guineensis)

ΖΥΜΕΣ & ΜΥΚΗΤΕΣ
M1 Penicillium notatum
M2 Cladosporium herbarum
M3 Aspergillus fumigatus
M4 Mucor racemosus
M5 Candida albicans
M6 Alternaria alternata
M7 Botrytis cinerae
M8 Helminthosporium halodes
M9 Fusarium moniliforme
M10 Stemphylium botryosum
M11 Rhizopus nigricans
M12 Aureobasidium pullulans
M13 Phomae betae
M14 Epicoccum purpurascens
M15 Trichoderma viride
M16 Curvularia lunata

ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ
P1 ΑΣΚΑΡΙΔΑ (Ascaris sp.)
P2 ΕΧΙΝΟΚΟΚΚΟΣ (Echinococcus sp.)

ΖΩΙΚΑ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΑ
E1 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΓΑΤΑΣ (Felis domesticus)
E3 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΑΛΟΓΟΥ (Equus caballus)
E4 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ (Bos taurus)
E5 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΣΚΥΛΟΥ (Canis familiaris)
E6 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΙΝΔΙΚΟΥ ΧΟΙΡΙΔΙΟΥ (Cavia porcellus)
E7 ΠΕΡΙΤΤΩΜΑΤΑ ΠΕΡΙΣΤΕΡΙΟΥ (Columba sp.)
E70 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΧΗΝΑΣ (Anser anser)
E71 EΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ (Mus sp.)
E72 ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΕΣ ΟΥΡΩΝ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ (Mus sp.)
E73 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΑΡΟΥΡΑΙΟΥ (Rattus sp.)
E74 ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΕΣ ΟΥΡΩΝ ΑΡΟΥΡΑΙΟΥ (Rattus sp.)
E75 ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΕΣ ΟΡΟΥ ΑΡΟΥΡΑΙΟΥ (Rattus sp.)
E76 ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΕΣ ΟΡΟΥ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ (Mus sp.)
E78 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΠΑΠΑΓΑΛΟΥ (Melopsittacus undulates)
E80 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΚΑΤΣΙΚΑΣ (Capra hircus)
E81 EΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΥ (Ovis sp.)
E82 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΚΟΥΝΕΛΙΟΥ (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
E83 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΓΟΥΡΟΥΝΙΟΥ (Sus domestica)
E84 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΧΑΜΣΤΕΡ (Cricetus sp., Mesocricetus sp.,Phodopus sp.)
E85 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ (Gallus domesticus)
E86 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΠΑΠΙΑΣ (Anas platyrhynca)
E89 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΓΑΛΟΠΟΥΛΑΣ (Meleagris gallopavo)
E201 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΚΑΝΑΡΙΝΙΟΥ (Serinus canaries)
E215 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΠΕΡΙΣΤΕΡΙΟΥ (Columba livia)

ΑΚΑΡΕΑ ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗΣ ΣΚΟΝΗΣ
D1 DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS
D2 DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE
D3 DERMATOPHAGOIDES MICROCERAS
D70 ACARUS SIRUS
D71 LEPIDOGLYPHUS DESTRUCTOR
D72 TYROPHAGUS PUTRESCENTIAE
D73 GLYCYPHAGUS DOMESTICUS
D74 EUROGLYPHUS MAYNEI

ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ
H1 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / GREER LABS INC
H2 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / HOLLISTER -STIER LABS
H3 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / ΒENCARD
H4 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / ALLERGOPHARMA
H6 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / JAPAN

ΕΝΤΟΜΑ & ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΑ ΕΝΤΟΜΩΝ
I1 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΜΕΛΙΣΣΑΣ (Apis mellifera)
I2 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΛΕΥΚΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΗΣ (Dolichovespula maculata)
I3 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΚΟΙΝΗΣ (Vespula sp.)
I4 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΧΑΡΤΙΟΥ (Polistes annularis)
I5 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΚΙΤΡΙΝΗΣ (Dolichovespula arenaria)
I6 ΚΑΤΣΑΡΙΔΑ (Blatella germanica)
I70 ΜΥΡΜΗΓΚΙ (Solenopsis invicta)
I71 ΚΟΥΝΟΥΠΙ (Aedes communis)
I75 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗΣ (Vespa crabro)
I204 ΑΛΟΓΟΜΥΓΑ (Tabanus sp.)

ΦΑΡΜΑΚΑ
C1 ΠΕΝΙΚΙΛΛΙΝΗ G (Penicilloyl G)
C2 ΠΕΝΙΚΙΛΛΙΝΗ V (Penicilloyl V)
C5 ΑΜΠΙΚΙΛΛΙΝΗ (Ampicillin)
C6 ΑΜΟΞΙΚΙΛΛΙΝΗ (Amoxicillin)
C7 ΚΕΦΑΚΛΟΡΗ (Cephaclor)
C70 ΙΝΣΟΥΛΙΝΗ ΧΟΙΡΕΙΟΣ (Insulin, pig)
C71 ΙΝΣΟΥΛΙΝΗ ΒΟΕΙΟΣ (Insulin, bovine)
C73 ΙΝΣΟΥΛΙΝΗ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΗ (Insulin, human)
C209 ΧΥΜΟΠΑΠΑΪΝΗ (Chymopapain)

ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΑ
K1 ΑΚΡΥΛΙΚΟ
K2 ΒΑΜΒΑΚΙ (ΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΣΜΕΝΟ)
K3 ΒΑΜΒΑΚΙ (ΑΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΣΤΟ)
K16 ΛΙΝΟ
K17 ΝΑΥΛΟΝ
K20 ΜΑΛΛΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΥ (ΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΣΜΕΝΟ)
K21 ΜΑΛΛΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΥ (ΑΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΣΤΟ)
K25 ΤΕΡΙΛΕΝ (ΤERYLENE)
K73 ΜΕΤΑΞΙ (Bombyx mori)
K75 ΙΣΟΚΥΑΝΙΚΟ ΑΛΑΣ TDI
K78 ΟΞΕΙΔΙΟ ΤΟΥ ΑΙΘΥΛΕΝΙΟΥ
K80 ΦΟΡΜΑΛΔΕΫΔΗ
K82 LATEX
K83 ΒΑΜΒΑΚΙ (ΣΠΟΡΟΙ)

ΔΙΑΦΟΡΑ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΑ
O70 ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΙΚΟ ΠΛΑΣΜΑ

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΦΡΟΥΤΑ
F33 ΠΟΡΤΟΚΑΛΙ (Citrus sinensis)
F44 ΦΡΑΟΥΛΑ (Fragaria vesca)
F49 MΗΛΟ (Malus domestica)
F84 AΚΤΙΝΙΔΙΟ (Actinidia deliciosa)
F87 ΠΕΠΟΝΙ (Cucumis melo)
F91 ΜΑΝΓΚΟ (Mangifera indica)
F92 MΠΑΝΑΝΑ (Musa sp.)
F94 ΑΧΛΑΔΙ (Pyrus communis)
F95 ΡΟΔΑΚΙΝΟ (Prunus persica)
F162 ΝΕΚΤΑΡΙΝΙ (Prunus persica v. nectarina)
F208 ΛΕΜΟΝΙ (Citrus limon)
F209 ΓΚΡΕΪΠΦΡΟΥΤ (Citrus paradisi)
F210 ΑΝΑΝΑΣ (Ananas comosus)
F211 ΜΑΥΡΟ ΜΟΥΡΟ (Rubus fruticosus)
F237 ΒΕΡΥΚΟΚΟ (Prunus armeniaca)
F242 KΕΡΑΣΙ (Prunus avium)
F255 ΔΑΜΑΣΚΗΝΟ (Prunus domestica)
F259 ΣΤΑΦΥΛΙ (Vitis venifera)
F288 ΜΥΡΤΙΛΛΟ (Vaccinium myrtillis)
F293 ΠΑΠΑΓΙΑ (Carica papaya)
F302 ΜΑΝΤΑΡΙΝΙ (Citrus reticulata)
F328 ΣΥΚΟ (Ficus carica)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΛΑΧΑΝΙΚΑ
F12 AΡΑΚΑΣ (Pisum sativum)
F25 NΤΟΜΑΤΑ (Lycopersicon lycopersicum)
F31 ΚΑΡΟΤΟ (Daucus carota)
F35 ΠΑΤΑΤΑ (Solanum tuberosum)
F47 ΣΚΟΡΔΟ (Allium sativum)
F48 KΡΕΜΜΥΔΙ (Allium cepa)
F51 ΜΠΑΜΠΟΥ ΒΛΑΣΤΟΣ (Phyllostachys pubescens)
F85 ΣΕΛΙΝΟ (Apium graveolens)
F96 ΑΒΟΚΑΝΤΟ (Persea americana)
F214 ΣΠΑΝΑΚΙ (Spinachia oleracea)
F215 MΑΡΟΥΛΙ (Lactuca sativa)
F216 ΛΑΧΑΝΟ (Brassica oleracea capitata)
F217 ΛΑΧΑΝΑΚΙ ΒΡΥΞΕΛΛΩΝ (Brassica oleracea gemmifera)
F225 ΚΟΛΟΚΥΘΑ (Curcubita pepo)
F244 ΑΓΓΟΥΡΙ (Cucumis sativum)
F260 ΜΠΡΟΚΟΛΟ (Brassica oleracea italica)
F261 ΣΠΑΡΑΓΓΙ (Asparagus officinalis)
F262 ΜΕΛΙΤΖΑΝΑ (Solanum melongena)
F276 ΜΑΡΑΘΟΣ (Foeniculum vulgare)
F291 ΚΟΥΝΟΥΠΙΔΙ (Brassica oleracea botrytis)
F315 ΦΑΣΟΛΙ ΠΡΑΣΙΝΟ (Phaseolus vulgaris)
F319 ΠΑΝΤΖΑΡΙ (Beta vulgaris)
F358 ΑΓΓΙΝΑΡΑ (Cynara scolymus)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΚΑ
F4 ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
F5 ΣΙΚΑΛΗ (Secale cereal)
F6 ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙ (Hordeum vulgare)
F7 ΒΡΩΜΗ (Avena sativa)
F8 ΚΑΛΑΜΠΟΚΙ (Zea mays)
F9 ΡΥΖΙ (Oryza sativa)
F11 ΦΑΓΟΠΥΡΟ (Fagopyrum esculentum)
F79 ΓΛΟΥΤΕΝΗ
F90 ΒΥΝΗ

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΞΗΡΟΙ ΚΑΡΠΟΙ
F10 ΣΟΥΣΑΜΙ (Sesamum indicum)
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
F17 ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΚΙ (Corylus avellana)
F18 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΒΡΑΖΙΛΙΑΝΙΚΟ (Bertholletia excelsa)
F20 AΜΥΓΔΑΛΟ (Amygdalus communis)
F36 KΑΡΥΔΑ (Cocos nucifera)
F183 ΗΛΙΟΣΠΟΡΟΣ (Helianthus annuus)
F201 ΠΕΚΑΝ (Carya illinoensis)
F202 ΚΑΣΙΟΥΣ (Anacardium occidentale)
F203 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΚΕΛΥΦΩΤΟ (Pistacia vera)
F256 ΚΑΡΥΔΙ (Juglans regia)
F299 ΚΑΣΤΑΝΟ (Castanea sativa)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΟΣΠΡΙΑ
F14 ΣΟΓΙΑ (Glycine max - Soja hispida)
F15 ΦΑΣΟΛΙ ΑΣΠΡΟ (Phaseolus vulgaris)
F235 ΦΑΚΕΣ (Lens esculenta)
F309 ΡΕΒΙΘΙ (Cicer arietinus)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΜΠΑΧΑΡΙΚΑ
F86 MΑΙΝΤΑΝΟΣ (Petroselinum crispum)
F89 MOΥΣΤΑΡΔΑ (Brassica / Sinapis sp.)
F218 ΠΑΠΡΙΚΑ (Capsicum annuum)
F234 BΑΝΙΛΙΑ (Vanilla planifolia)
F277 ΑΝΙΘΟΣ (Anethum graveolens)
F281 ΚΑΡΥ
F332 ΜΕΝΤΑ (Mentha piperita)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΘΑΛΑΣΣΙΝΑ
F3 ΜΠΑΚΑΛΙΑΡΟΣ (Gadus morhua)
F23 KΑΒΟΥΡΙ (Cancer pagurus)
F24 ΓΑΡΙΔΑ (Pandalus borealis)
F37 MΥΔΙ (Mytilus edulis)
F40 TOΝΟΣ (Thunnus albacares)
F41 ΣΟΛΩΜΟΣ (Salmo salar)
F59 ΧΤΑΠΟΔΙ (Octopus vulgaris)
F80 ΑΣΤΑΚΟΣ (Homarus gammarus)
F204 ΠΕΣΤΡΟΦΑ (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
F205 ΡΕΓΓΑ (Clupea harengus)
F258 ΚΑΛΑΜΑΡΙ (Loligo sp.)
F264 ΧΕΛΙ (Anguilla anguilla)
F290 ΣΤΡΕΙΔΙ (Ostrea edulis)
F303 ΙΠΠΟΓΛΩΣΣΟΣ (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)
F308 ΣΑΡΔΕΛΑ (Sardina pilchardus)
F313 ΑΝΤΖΟΥΓΙΑ (Engraulis encrasicolus)
F314 ΣΑΛΙΓΓΑΡΙ (Helix aspersa)
F320 ΚΑΡΑΒΙΔΑ (Astacus astacus)
F333 ΚΥΠΡΙΝΟΣ (Cyprinus sp.)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΚΟΜΙΚΑ
F2 ΓΑΛΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ
F76 Α-ΛΑΚΤΑΛΒΟΥΜΙΝΗ
F77 Β-ΛΑΚΤΟΣΦΑΙΡΙΝΗ
F78 KΑΖΕΪΝΗ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΣ
F81 TΥΡΙ ΤΥΠΟΥ ΤΣΕΝΤΑΡ
F82 ΤΥΡΙ ΤΥΠΟΥ ΡΟΚΦΟΡ
F231 ΓΑΛΑ (ΒΡΑΣΜΕΝΟ / UHT)
F300 ΓΑΛΑ ΚΑΤΣΙΚΙΣΙΟ

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΚΡΕΑΤΙΚΑ
F26 XΟΙΡΙΝΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Sus sp.)
F27 ΜΟΣΧΑΡΙΣΙΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Bos sp.)
F83 ΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟ (Gallus sp.)
F88 AΡΝΙΣΙΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Ovis sp.)
F284 ΓΑΛΟΠΟΥΛΑ (Meleagris gallopavo)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΑΒΓΑ
F1 ΑΣΠΡΑΔΙ ΑΥΓΟΥ
F75 KΡΟΚΟΣ AΥΓΟΥ
F245 ΑΥΓΟ ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟ

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΔΙΑΦΟΡΑ
F45 MΑΓΙΑ (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F93 KΑΚΑΟ (Theobroma cacao)
F212 ΜΑΝΙΤΑΡΙ (Agaricus hortensis)
F221 ΚΑΦΕΣ (Coffea sp.)
F222 ΤΣΑΙ ΜΑΥΡΟ (Camellia sinensis)
F247 ΜΕΛΙ
F297 ΑΡΑΒΙΚΟ ΚΟΜΜΙ - E414 (Acacia sp.)