Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals Aug 2017, Vol. 32, No. 6: 221-226.
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Δευτέρα 21 Αυγούστου 2017
Effects of Autologous Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Infusion in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study
In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of ATM/ATR Signaling Pathway on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Radiosensitivity of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells
Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals Aug 2017, Vol. 32, No. 6: 193-203.
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Clinical Effects of CpG-Based Treatment on the Efficacy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Skewing Polarization Toward M1 Macrophage from M2
Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals Aug 2017, Vol. 32, No. 6: 215-219.
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Selected Literature Watch
Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals Aug 2017, Vol. 32, No. 6: 227-228.
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Automatic affective responses towards the bed in patients with primary insomnia: evidence for a negativity bias
Summary
Ruminating about sleep problems and negatively valenced thinking play a key role in the maintenance of sleep complaints in patients with insomnia. Based on associative learning principles, we hypothesized that repeated co-occurrence of negative thoughts (unconditioned stimulus) and the bedroom environment (conditioned stimulus) results in automatic negative affective responses towards the bed (conditioned response). Twenty-two insomniacs and 22 good sleepers performed a Single-Target Implicit Association Test measuring the strength of automatically triggered affective responses towards the bed. Results revealed a significant group difference, indicating a stronger negative affective response towards the bed in patients with insomnia. No correlations were found between the strength of negative affective responses towards the bed and subjective measures of sleep quality. As it might increase the stress experience further during bedtime, automatic negative responses towards the bed are likely to represent an additional factor accounting for the development and maintenance of sleep disorders and represent a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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Inflammation, Stem Cells, and the Aging Hypothalamus
Rejuvenation Research Aug 2017, Vol. 20, No. 4: 346-349.
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Deficient Data Dissemination Does Damage
Rejuvenation Research Aug 2017, Vol. 20, No. 4: 261-262.
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Dietary Proteins Rapidly Altered the Microbial Composition in Rat Caecum
Abstract
Dietary proteins can alter gut microbial diversity. However, little is known about how gut bacteria respond to dietary proteins during short-term feeding. In the present study, PCR-DGGE analysis was performed to compare changes in gut microbial composition in rat caecum after rats were fed proteins from soy, pork, beef, chicken, fish and casein (control) for 2, 7 and 14 days. On day 2, differences were observed in microbial composition between groups of red meat (pork and beef) and white meat (chicken and fish) proteins. For a certain diet group, microbial composition showed a great change with feeding time. Principle component analysis indicated that the soy protein group showed a good separation in microbial composition from the casein and meat protein groups on days 7 and 14.
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Exploring Furnas-McGregor paradox: describing normal distribution in central limb stereometric gain in 60° Z-plasty
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Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defect with a folded cervico-pectoral cutaneous flap following ablation of advanced oral cancer in elderly patient
Abstract
Background
Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects involving both the oral lining and the external facial skin following ablative surgery remains a difficult task. Free flap reconstruction is the main modality of treatment, but sometimes there is a reluctance to use it in elderly patients with several comorbidities for an increased risk of non-cancer-related cause of death.
Methods
This article describes a folded cervico-pectoral fasciocutaneous flap that has been used to reconstruct a full-thickness cheek defect in elderly patients. Moreover, surgical technique and aesthetic results 2 years after surgery are discussed in this article.
Results
Currently, after 2 years, the patient is free of disease and enjoys good health.
Conclusions
In conclusion, folded cervico-pectoral fasciocutaneous flap is a fast and practical technique for reconstructing full-thickness cheek defects after tumor excision. The flap was straightforward to perform and reliable in both blood supply and cosmetic outcome, and it provides a good alternative to free flaps for cheek and upper neck reconstruction of elderly patients.
Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.
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Anatomy of superficial inferior epigastric vessels: revival of superficial inferior epigastric (SIEA) flap
Abstract
Background
Development of perforator flaps evolves the perspective of reconstructive surgery to another level due to many of their advantages over the pedicled flaps, particularly lower donor-site morbidity and versatility in flap design. Superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap offers this significant advantage over other lower abdominal flaps, as dissection of the rectus abdominis muscle is not required. However, both vascular agenesis and inappropriate vessel size for anastomosis are the major limitations. This study was therefore aimed to investigate these aspects of this flap.
Methods
Twenty cadavers were dissected bilaterally to demonstrate vascular anatomy of these vessels. The SIEA of each cadaver was dissected and traced from the origin (femoral arteries) to their presence in the subcutaneous layer. Originating patterns of these vessels, whether sharing a common trunk with other vessels such as superficial circumflex iliac (SCI) or superficial external pudendal (SEP) arteries, was determined and their diameters measured.
Results
SIEA agenesis rate was found to be 7.5% (3/40). The diameters greater than 1 and 1.5 mm were found in 86% (32/37) and 30% (11/37), respectively. The distance between its origin and point of entering Scarpa's fascia varies from 10.29 to 62.62 mm (mean 37.48 mm). As opposed to the artery, the superficial inferior epigastric vein was found to be present in all dissections with a diameter ranging from 2.12 to 5 mm (mean 3.09 mm) and the distance, as measured in SIEA, ranging from 20.1 to 74.28 mm (mean 41.24 mm). SIEA usually crosses the inguinal ligament within area between mid-inguinal point and 3 cm medially. Correlations were found (1) between SIEA diameter and pedicle length and (2) between bilateral pedicle lengths of both artery and vein.
Conclusions
The high prevalence of both SIEA presence and appropriate diameter for anastomosis, and thus flap success, makes the SIEA perforator flap an appropriate option for reconstructive treatment.
Level of Evidence: not ratable.
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The clinical impact of bedside fiberoptic laryngoscopic recording on a tertiary consult service
Objectives/Hypothesis
Fiberoptic laryngoscopy is dependent on accurate descriptions of examination findings. Traditional recording methods can be impractical for inpatient consults. Therefore, we aim to determine the utility of a smartphone-coupled portable recording system with flexible laryngoscopy for transmitting information between resident and attending physicians in a real-time setting.
Study Design
Pilot prospective study in a tertiary academic hospital.
Methods
This is a prospective study of inpatient consultations in a tertiary referral hospital over a 3-month period from April 2015 to June 2015. Flexible laryngoscopy was performed by a resident physician, and mobile recordings were relayed to an attending physician. Concordance of laryngoscopy interpretations between resident and attending physicians as well as changes in management were documented.
Results
Seventy-nine fiberoptic examinations were recorded and compared. Each consult was categorized as follows: airway evaluation (AE) (43%, 34/79), voice evaluation (VE) (3.7%, 3/79), dysphagia (D) (24%, 19/79), and aerodigestive tract mass/pathology (ADM) (29.1%, 23/79). Nine examinations showed discordance between resident and attending interpretations. Inter-rater agreement was good, with a kappa value of 0.747 (95% confidence interval: 0.643-0.851). The frequency of discordant exams within each group was as follows: AE (15%, 5/34), VE (33%, 1/3), D (11%, 2/19), and ADM (4.3%, 1/23). In five patients, changes in laryngoscopy interpretation changed clinical management. Seven nondiscordant exams had a change in management after attending review. Of the 79 exams, only one required repeat flexible laryngoscopy by the attending physician.
Conclusions
Portable recording of flexible laryngoscopy is an effective tool for timely management of inpatient consultations.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Semicircular canal dehiscence among idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients
Objectives/Hypothesis
The cause of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is unknown. Because of a demonstrated association with tegmental defects and obesity, some have suggested idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) could contribute by eroding the bone over the canal and resulting in SSCD. However, an association between IIH and SSCD has not previously been evaluated. Our objective was to evaluate an association between IIH and SSCD.
Study Design
Retrospective cohort.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed of opening pressures for consecutive patients presenting at a lumbar puncture clinic between August 2012 and October 2015. Imaging for patients who also had thin-sectioned computed tomography (CT) imaging was reviewed for the presence of radiographic SSCD. Association between IIH and SSCD was evaluated using the Student t test and multivariate logistic regression.
Results
One hundred twenty-one patients had both a lumbar puncture performed and thin-sectioned CT imaging available, of which 24 patients (19.8%) met the criteria for IIH with an opening pressure >25 cm H2O. The remaining 97 patients (80.2%) did not have elevated opening pressures and served as the control cohort. None of the 24 patients with IIH had radiographic SSCD, whereas eight of the 97 patients (8.2%) without IIH had radiographic SSCD. The average opening pressure in patients without radiographic SSCD was 20.2 cm H2O compared to 19.3 cm H2O in patients with radiographic SSCD (P = .521). In multivariate logistic regression controlling for age, body mass index, gender, and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia), opening pressure was not a significant predictor of radiographic SSCD.
Conclusions
The results of this retrospective pilot study do not suggest an association between IIH and SSCD.
Level of Evidence
3b Laryngoscope, 2017
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Sonographic differentiation between lymphatic and metastatic diseases in cervical lymphadenopathy
Objectives/Hypothesis
The spectrum of differential diagnosis in cervical lymphadenopathy is extremely broad. In lymphoma and inflammatory diseases, surgical approaches are restricted to diagnostic lymph extirpation, whereas metastatic outgrowth into regional lymph nodes usually requires neck dissection. Lymph node surgery has to manage the balancing act between sufficient radicality and preservation of functional structures. The current study, therefore, aimed to identify parameters to differentiate between lymph nodes of lymphatic and metastatic origin.
Study Design
Single-center, retrospective cohort study.
Methods
Clinical and sonographic parameters from all patients who underwent diagnostic cervical lymphadenectomy from 2010 to 2015 (N = 262) were included in this retrospective analysis. Parameters with significant differences between the two subgroups were utilized to create a clinical algorithm to distinguish between cervical lymphadenopathy of lymphatic and metastatic genesis.
Results
Statistically significant differences between the two subgroups could be shown for clinical (gender, age, nicotine/alcohol abuse, B symptoms, history of cutaneous melanoma, or lymphoma) and ultrasonographic parameters (string-of-beads confirmation, bilaterality, homogenous echostructure, localization in level I, long-to-short axis ratio, and hilar vascularity). The proposed algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 92.4% for metastatic disease.
Conclusions
The implemented algorithm based on ultrasonographic and clinical criteria contributes to one-step surgical approaches that guarantee a sufficient radicality with a minimum of functional loss.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Outcome review
Objective
Identify the effect of patient characteristics, disease traits, and treatment modality on patient outcomes in the rare disease process of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Study Design
Retrospective review of institutional case records and literature.
Methods
This study includes one case report, a literature review of the MEDLINE database from 1950 through June 2017 using keywords "intraosseous" and "mucoepidermoid," and a query of the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pathology database for all documented cases of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck.
Results
Indicators of poorer prognosis were male gender (P = 0.0071) and higher histological grade (P = 0.0095). Lesion site, size, association with odontogenic cyst, and treatment type did not have a statistically significant correlation with patient outcomes. There also was no statistically significant correlation observed between treatment modality and recurrent or progressive disease when stratified by histological grade of the cancer.
Conclusion
This study identified male gender and high histological tumor grade as poor prognostic indicators; however, it did not reveal a statistically significant relationship between treatment modality and patient outcomes. Data regarding patient outcomes following treatment was limited due to loss to follow-up, suggesting that further investigation is required. Based on this review, decisions regarding treatment should be clinically guided and individually tailored to the patient's baseline health, disease severity, and the patient's treatment goals. A multi-disciplinary conference, as was utilized in the presented case report, may be the best approach to treatment planning for these patients at this time.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Gastrostomy in the era of minimally invasive head and neck cancer surgery
Objective
Minimally invasive transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is less likely to necessitate gastrostomy tube (GT) following resection of head and neck lesions versus conventional open procedures. However, the incidence of and indications for GT after TORS have not been reported in detail. This study defines the incidence of intra- and postoperative gastrostomy following robotic resection of advanced head and neck disease. It seeks to clarify the relevance of GT after TORS.
Study Design
Adult patients undergoing TORS and neck dissection from 2008 to 2014 were identified in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System all-payer administrative database.
Methods
Demographic data and timing of GT in relation to surgery were recorded. Emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient readmissions were compared with multivariable logistic analysis.
Results
Of the 441 included patients, immediate, delayed, and total GT incidence within the first postoperative year was 9.5%, 11.6%, and 21.1%, respectively. Gastrostomy tube complications resulted in 4.5% of 30-day ED visits, 3.3% of 30-day readmissions, and 3.5% of 90-day readmissions. Thirty-nine percent of 90-day readmissions were linked to poor postoperative oral intake. Delayed GT status was associated with an increase in 30-day ED visits, and 30- or 90-day readmissions attributable to poor oral intake (P = 0.10, P < 0.0001, 0.002, respectively).
Conclusion
Even in the era of minimally invasive TORS, impaired oral intake is a significant postoperative burden to head and neck cancer patients with advanced disease. Attention to patient risk factors combined with a complicated hospital course may identify patients benefiting from early GT.
Level of Evidence
2c. Laryngoscope, 2017
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A case-control evaluation of fungiform papillae density in burning mouth syndrome
Hypothesis
It has been hypothesized that high fungiform papillae density may be a risk factor for developing the taste and pain alterations characteristic of burning mouth syndrome.
Objective
Evaluate whether fungiform papillae density, taste sensitivity, and mechanical pain sensitivity differ between burning mouth syndrome cases and controls.
Study Design
This case-control study compared cases diagnosed with primary burning mouth syndrome with pain-free controls.
Methods
Participants (17 female cases and 23 female controls) rated the intensity of sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, and quinine applied separately to each side of the anterior tongue and sampled whole mouth. Mechanical pain sensitivity was assessed separately for each side of the tongue using weighted pins. Digital photographs of participants' tongues were used to count fungiform papillae.
Results
Burning mouth syndrome cases had increased whole mouth taste intensity. Cases also had increased sensitivity to quinine on the anterior tongue, as well as increased mechanical pain sensitivity on the anterior tongue. Fungiform papillae density did not differ significantly between cases and controls. Fungiform papillae density on the left and right sides of the tongue were correlated in controls; however, there was no left/right side correlation in cases.
Conclusion
Cases had increased pain and taste perception on the anterior tongue. The lack of correlation between left and right fungiform papillae density in cases may be an indication of asymmetrical lingual innervation in these patients.
Level of Evidence
3b. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Persistent respiratory effort after adenotonsillectomy in children with sleep-disordered breathing
Objectives
Adenotonsillectomy (AT) markedly improves but does not necessarily normalize polysomnographic findings in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and related sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Adenotonsillectomy efficacy should be evaluated by follow-up polysomnography (PSG), but this method may underestimate persistent respiratory effort (RE). Mandibular movement (MMas) monitoring is an innovative measurement that readily identifies RE during upper airway obstruction. We hypothesized that MMas indices would decrease in parallel of PSG indices and that children with persistent RE more reliably could be identified with MMas.
Methods
Twenty-five children (3–12 years of age) with SDB were enrolled in this individual prospective-cohort study. Polysomnography was supplemented with a midsagittal movement magnetic sensor that measured MMas during each respiratory cycle before and > 3 months after AT.
Results
Adenotonsillectomy significantly improved PSG indices, except for RE-related arousals (RERA). Mandibular movement index changes after AT significantly were correlated with corresponding decreases in sleep apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and O2 desaturation index (ODI) (Spearman's rho = 0.978 and 0.922, respectively), whereas changes in MMas duration significantly were associated with both RERA duration (rho = 0.475, P = 0.017) and index (rho = 0.564, P = 0.003). Conditional multivariate analysis showed that both AHI and RERA significantly contributed to the variance of MMas index after AT (P = 0.0003 and 0.0005, respectively), whereas MMas duration consistently was related to the duration of RERA regardless of AT.
Conclusion
Adenotonsillectomy significantly reduced AHI. However, persistent RERA were apparent in a significant proportion of children, and this was reflected by the remaining abnormal MMas pattern. Follow-up of children after AT can be recommended and readily achieved by monitoring MMas to identify persistent RE.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Effect of postoperative radiotherapy in pT1pN1cM0 and pT2p/cN0cM0 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Objectives/Hypothesis
Consulting of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma, classified as pT1pN1cM0 and pT2p/cN0cM0, about postoperative radiotherapy is a precarious task as data are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with intermediate-stage oropharyngeal carcinoma.
Study Design
Multicentric retrospective study.
Methods
This analysis was conducted at seven Austrian institutions and included data of patients treated between 2000 and 2012. A total of 81 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were included, of whom 33 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. p16 status determined by immunohistochemistry was available in 68 patients.
Results
Median follow-up was 47.9 months. Postoperative radiotherapy showed no benefits in regard to overall survival (P = .701). In contrast, disease-free survival was significantly shortened in all patients without postoperative radiotherapy (P = .001). When dividing the cohort in dependence of p16, p16-positive patients did not benefit from postoperative radiotherapy regarding overall and disease-free survival (P = .934 and P = .102), whereas p16-negative patients showed improved disease-free survival after postoperative radiotherapy (P = .007). Multivariate analysis showed that outcome of postoperative radiotherapy is dependent on p16 status.
Conclusions
In terms of disease-free survival, patients with p16-negative tumors may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy, whereas survival of p16-positive patients is good regardless of additional treatment.
Level of Evidence
4 Laryngoscope, 2017
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Expiratory muscle strength training for radiation-associated aspiration after head and neck cancer: A case series
Objective/Hypothesis
Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is a simple, inexpensive, device-driven exercise therapy. Therapeutic potential of EMST was examined among head and neck cancer survivors with chronic radiation-associated aspiration.
Study Design
Retrospective case series.
Methods
Maximum expiratory pressures (MEPs) were examined among n = 64 radiation-associated aspirators (per penetration–aspiration scale score ≥ 6 on modified barium swallow). Pre–post EMST outcomes were examined in a nested subgroup of patients (n = 26) who enrolled in 8 weeks of EMST (25 repetitions, 5 days/week, 75% load). Nonparametric analyses examined effects of EMST on the primary endpoint MEPs. Secondary measures included swallowing safety (Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity [DIGEST]), perceived dysphagia (M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory [MDADI]), and diet (performance status scale for head and neck cancer patients [PSSHN]).
Results
Compared to sex-matched published normative data, MEPs were reduced in 91% (58 of 64) of aspirators (mean ± standard deviation: 89 ± 37). Twenty-six patients enrolled in EMST and three patients withdrew. MEPs improved on average 57% (87 ± 29 to 137 ± 44 cm H2O, P < 0.001) among 23 who completed EMST. Swallowing safety (per DIGEST) improved significantly (P = 0.03). Composite MDADI scores improved post-EMST (pre-EMST: 59.9 ± 17.1, post-EMST: 62.7 ± 13.9, P = 0.13). PSSHN diet scores did not significantly change.
Conclusion
MEPs were reduced in chronic radiation-associated aspirators relative to normative data, suggesting that expiratory strengthening could be a novel therapeutic target to improve airway protection in this population. Similar to findings in neurogenic populations, these data also suggest improved expiratory pressure-generating capabilities after EMST and translation to functional improvements in swallowing safety in chronic radiation-associated aspirators.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Volumetric analysis of olfactory neuroblastoma skull base laterality and implications on neck disease
Objective
To determine if the laterality of primary tumors in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) influenced the pattern and development of neck disease.
Methods
Using a retrospective cohort study design from 1994 to 2015, the primary tumors of patients who either presented with or developed neck disease were volumetrically analyzed using iPlan software (version 3.0.0, BrainLAB, Feldkirchen, Germany) by two independent observers. Agreement of volume-derived sidedness was assessed with a kappa statistic, whereas agreement in volume-derived degree of tumor laterality was evaluated with an intraclass correlation coefficient. A one-sample t test was used to assess the difference in dominant percentage between the two observers.
Results
Sixty-one patients with histological diagnosis and treatment of ONB at our institution were identified. Twenty-four patients exhibited neck involvement, 13 of whom could be volumetrically analyzed. Tumors that were greater than 75% eccentric to one side all exhibited contralateral disease, whereas the majority of unilateral neck disease was associated with relatively midline masses. Within the entire cohort, ipsilateral level 2 lymph nodes displayed the highest involvement (83%, 20 of 24), followed by ipsilateral level 1 (54%, 13 of 24), contralateral level 2 (46%, 11 of 24), contralateral level 1 (21%, 5 of 24), and ipsilateral level 3 (21%, 5 of 24).
Conclusion
Ipsilateral neck involvement frequently was observed; however, the degree of ONB primary site laterality did not appear to have implications on the development of contralateral neck disease. Therefore, when considering elective therapy to the neck, ONB laterality should not be used to justify unilateral neck treatment.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
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A physician's story about pushing against the medical profession to seek proper cancer treatment. A UPMC doc nailed ... - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
| Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | A physician's story about pushing against the medical profession to seek proper cancer treatment. A UPMC doc nailed ... Pittsburgh Post-Gazette The parotid gland is a small plum-size collection of glandular tissue that saliva and is located between the ear and the angle of the jaw. The facial nerve, after exiting from the skull, breaks into branches, and the branches traverse the gland and ... |
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A typical presentation of a hepatocellular carcinoma in a middle-aged patient
Description
A 54-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to experiencing a sudden, severe pain in the right shoulder after mild exercise. He had been losing weight over the previous month and had noticed a lump near his right shoulder. A chest X-ray showed a lytic lesion in the lateral half of his right collarbone (figure 1A) with a cortical break and the presence of a soft-tissue component. A chest CT scan showed the destruction of the bone and a 10x8x7 cm mass associated with the pathological fracture of the collarbone (figure 1B). The diagnostic workup was completed with an abdominal CT scan, which showed a large hepatic tumour, an alpha-fetoprotein blood test level of 1468 ng/mL (normal range <10 ng/mL) and a fine-needle aspiration cytology, which yielded the final diagnosis of disseminated disease of a hepatocellular carcinoma. Cells showed both TTF-1 and hepatocyte antigen positivity, whereas CK7,...
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Coliform
Coliform: a term used to refer to a certain group of bacteria. The coliform bacteria are rod-shaped, Gram-negative non-spore-forming bacteria. Eschericia coli (E. coli) is an example of the coliform bacteria. Coliforms are found in water, in soil, and on plants. They are common in the feces of all warm-blooded animals. Testing for coliform bacteria is commonly done to determine the quality of water supplies. While coliform bacteria themselves are not likely to cause illness, their presence in water supplies indicates that other disease-causing bacteria or organisms are present in the water supply.
Note that some rare strains of E. coli, particularly the strain 0157:H7, can cause serious illness. Recent outbreaks of disease caused by E. coli 0157:H7 have primarily been described in people who have eaten undercooked hamburger. Cases of E. coli 0157:H7 caused by contaminated water supplies are rare.
MedTerms (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of MedicineNet.com.
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Novel PCR primers to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis using peripheral blood, spleen or bone marrow aspirates
Publication date: Available online 21 August 2017
Source:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
Author(s): Mahbuba Khatun, S.M Sabbir Alam, Abed Hussain Khan, M. Anwar Hossain, Jalaluddin Ashraful Haq, Md. Shariful Alam Jilani, Mohammad Tariqur Rahman, Muhammad Manjurul Karim
ObjectiveTo establish a suitable method of diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using peripheral blood, spleen or bone marrow aspirates.MethodsPeripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen aspirate samples were collected from clinically suspected VL patients (n=26). A new PCR primer pair (MK1F/R) was designed targeting kinetoplast mini circle DNA sequences of Leishmania donovani, and Leishmania infantum, and was used to diagnose VL along with some other established primers for VL in polymerase chain reactions. Test was validated by comparing with several other diagnostic methods.ResultsThe designed primer set showed 100% specificity and 98% sensitivity in detecting VL using blood samples, when compared with more invasive samples: bone marrow or spleen aspirates.ConclusionsThe newly designed primer MK1F/R could be a better alternative for PCR based diagnosis of VL using less invasive sample, peripheral blood instead of bone marrow or spleen aspirates.
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Systematic and quantitative assessment of hydrogen peroxide reactivity with cysteines across human proteomes [Research]
Protein cysteinyl residues are the mediators of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent redox signaling. However, site-specific mapping of the selectivity and dynamics of these redox reactions in cells poses a major analytical challenge. Here we describe a chemoproteomic platform to systematically and quantitatively analyze the reactivity of thousands of cysteines toward H2O2 in human cells. We identified >900 H2O2-sensitive cysteines, which are defined as the H2O2-dependent redoxome. Although redox sites associated with antioxidative and metabolic functions are consistent, most of the H2O2-dependent redoxome varies dramatically between different cells. Structural analyses reveal that H2O2-sensitive cysteines are less conserved than their redox-insensitive counterparts and display distinct sequence motifs, structural features, and potential for crosstalk with lysine modifications. Notably, our chemoproteomic platform also provides an opportunity to predict oxidation-triggered protein conformational changes. The data are freely accessible as a resource at http://ift.tt/2vXVSpP.
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The 2017 Annual Meeting of the International Genetic Epidemiology Society
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Asthma diagnosis in a child and cessation of smoking in the child’s home: the PIAMA birth cohort
Asthma diagnosis in a child and cessation of smoking in the child's home: the PIAMA birth cohort
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27, 521 (September/October 2017). doi:10.1038/jes.2016.75
Authors: Alet H Wijga, Maarten Schipper, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard H Koppelman & Ulrike Gehring
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Associations among personal care product use patterns and exogenous hormone use in the NIEHS Sister Study
Associations among personal care product use patterns and exogenous hormone use in the NIEHS Sister Study
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27, 458 (September/October 2017). doi:10.1038/jes.2016.82
Authors: Kyla W Taylor, Donna D Baird, Amy H Herring, Lawrence S Engel, Hazel B Nichols, Dale P Sandler & Melissa A Troester
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Exposure of children to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in France: Results of the EXPERS study
Exposure of children to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in France: Results of the EXPERS study
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27, 505 (September/October 2017). doi:10.1038/jes.2016.59
Authors: Isabelle Magne, Martine Souques, Isabelle Bureau, Anne Duburcq, Emmanuel Remy & Jacques Lambrozo
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Non-smoking pregnant women and their fetuses are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke as a result of living in multiunit housing
Non-smoking pregnant women and their fetuses are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke as a result of living in multiunit housing
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27, 465 (September/October 2017). doi:10.1038/jes.2016.34
Authors: Christina I Orazine, William A Arias, Suzanna R Magee & Ewa King
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Uncertainty in the estimated risk of lung function decrements owing to ozone exposure
Uncertainty in the estimated risk of lung function decrements owing to ozone exposure
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27, 535 (September/October 2017). doi:10.1038/jes.2016.39
Authors: Garrett Glasgow & Anne Smith
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Sun exposure and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in a community sample: Quantifying the association with electronic dosimeters
Sun exposure and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in a community sample: Quantifying the association with electronic dosimeters
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27, 471 (September/October 2017). doi:10.1038/jes.2016.51
Authors: Robert K R Scragg, Alistair W Stewart, Richard L McKenzie, Anthony I Reeder, J Ben Liley & Martin W Allen
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Radiofrequency-electromagnetic field exposures in kindergarten children
Radiofrequency-electromagnetic field exposures in kindergarten children
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 27, 497 (September/October 2017). doi:10.1038/jes.2016.55
Authors: Chhavi Raj Bhatt, Mary Redmayne, Baki Billah, Michael J Abramson & Geza Benke
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Nocturnal blood pressure fluctuations measured by using pulse transit time in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is related to arterial hypertension. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that patients with severe OSAS have excessive apnea induced blood pressure (BP).
Methods
We investigated 97 patients with an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) greater than 30. Systolic BP (SBP) was continuously determined by using the pulse transit time (PTT). Apnea/hypopnea induced nocturnal BP fluctuations (NBPFs) were detected and showed phenomena of continuous increases of the SBP baseline. Such periods of SBP baseline elevations ≥ 10 mmHg were called superposition. Respiratory and cardiac parameters were obtained from the polysomnographic investigation.
Results
Eighty-four periods of superposition were detected in 48 patients. They occurred mainly during REM sleep (76%). Apnea duration was increased and the time in respiration was reduced in periods of superposition compared to non-superposition periods. In superposition periods mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the minimal SpO2 were lower, desaturations were more pronounced, and the mean heart rate (HR) was increased. The maximum SBP during superposition was significantly increased (204 ± 32 vs.171 ± 28 mmHg). The clinic BP was higher in patients with superposition (SBP 149.2 ± 17.5 vs. 140 ± 19.1, DBP 91.5 ± 11.5 vs. 86.3 ± 11.8).
Conclusions
The study reveals that patients with severe OSAS can have periods of BP superposition during night with extremely high SBP and very low oxygen saturation, which may add to a high risk for cardiovascular events during the night.
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'I had throat cancer and survived' - Independent.ie
| Independent.ie | 'I had throat cancer and survived' Independent.ie John Cassidy from Dublin has survived cancer of the tonsils and says that although he didn't notice anything untoward for quite some time, as soon as he spotted a swelling on his neck, he went straight to his GP. "Towards the end of 2015, I seemed to ... |
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Targeting thyroid cancer with acid-triggered release of doxorubicin from silicon dioxide nanoparticles - Dove Medical Press
| Targeting thyroid cancer with acid-triggered release of doxorubicin from silicon dioxide nanoparticles Dove Medical Press Abstract: Currently, therapy for thyroid cancer mainly involves surgery and radioiodine therapy. However, chemotherapy can be used in advanced and aggressive thyroid cancer that cannot be treated by other options. Nevertheless, a major obstacle to the ... |
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Isolation and characterization of string-forming female germline stem cells from ovaries of neonatal mice [Membrane Biology]
Germline stem cells are essential in the generation of both male and female gametes. In mammals, the male testis produces sperm throughout the entire lifetime, facilitated by testicular germline stem cells. Oocyte renewal ceases in postnatal or adult life in mammalian females, suggesting that germline stem cells are absent from the mammalian ovary. However, studies in mice, rats, and humans have recently provided evidence for ovarian female germline stem cells (FGSCs). A better understanding of the role of FGSCs in ovaries could help improve fertility treatments. Here, we developed a rapid and efficient method for isolating FGSCs from ovaries of neonatal mice. Notably, our FGSC isolation method could efficiently isolate on average 15 cell strings per ovary from mice at 1-3 days postpartum (dpp). FGSCs isolated from neonatal mice displayed the string-forming cell configuration at mitosis, i.e. a stringing FGSC (sFGSC) phenotype, and a disperse phenotype in postnatal mice. We also found that sFGSCs undergo vigorous mitosis especially at 1-3 dpp. After cell division, the sFGSC membranes tended to be connected to form sFGSCs. Moreover, F-actin filaments exhibited a cell-cortex distribution in sFGSCs, and E-cadherin converged in cell-cell connection regions, resulting in the string-forming morphology. Our new method provides a platform for isolating FGSCs from the neonatal ovary, and our findings indicate that FGCS exhibit string-forming features in neonatal mice. The sFGSCs represent a valuable resource for analysis of ovary function and an in vitro model for future clinical use to address ovarian dysfunction.
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Properties of a family 56 carbohydrate-binding module and its role in the recognition and hydrolysis of {beta}-1,3-glucan. [Protein Structure and Folding]
BH0236 from Bacillus halodurans is a multimodular β-1,3-glucanase comprising an N-terminal family 81 glycoside hydrolase catalytic module, an internal family 6 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) that binds the nonreducing end of β-1,3-glucans chains, and an uncharacterized C-terminal module classified into CBM family 56. Here, we determined that this latter CBM, BhCBM56, bound the soluble β-1,3-glucan laminarin with a dissociation constant (Kd) of ~26 μM, displayed higher affinity for insoluble β-1,3-glucans with Kds of ~2-10 μM, but lacked affinity for β-1,3-glucooligosaccharides. The X-ray crystal structure of BhCBM56 and NMR-derived chemical shift mapping of the binding site revealed a β-sandwich fold, with the face of one β-sheet possessing the β-1,3-glucan-binding surface. On the basis of the functional and structural properties of BhCBM56, we propose that it binds a quaternary polysaccharide structure, most likely the triple helix adopted by polymerized β-1,3-glucans. Consistent with the BhCBM56 and BhCBM6/56 binding profiles, deletion of the CBM56 from BH0236 decreased activity of the enzyme on the insoluble β-1,3-glucan curdlan but not on soluble laminarin; additional deletion of the CBM6 also did not affect laminarin degradation but further decreased curdlan hydrolysis. The pseudo-atomic solution structure of BH0236 determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed structural insights into the nature of avid binding by the BhCBM6/56 pair and how the orientation of the active site in the catalytic module factors into recognition and degradation of β-1,3-glucans. Our findings reinforce the notion that catalytic modules and their cognate CBMs have complementary specificities, including targeting of polysaccharide quaternary structure.
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Identification of an endogenous redox partner for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase-based oxidative cleavage of polysaccharides [Bioenergetics]
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are oxidative biocatalysts important for biofuel development. LPMOs use molecular oxygen and an external electron donor to cleave chemically recalcitrant polysaccharide. Because of LPMOs important role in carbohydrate turnover, interest in their mechanism of action and identification of their redox partners has recently surged. Current knowledge of the electron donor partners in LPMO-catalyzed reactions solely relies on observations of LPMO co-secretory proteins and on conjecture about the molecules that may act as LPMO-associated reductants. Here, using direct protein-protein interaction studies of a fungal secretome, we sought to identify LPMOs endogenous redox partner. To this end, we searched the genome and secretome of the fungus Botrytis cinerea for the presence of LPMOs belonging to auxiliary activity family 9 (AA9) superfamily and identified BcLPMO9C as the predominant secreted LPMO. Using pull-down, label-transfer, and other biochemical assays, we then scrutinized the fungal secretome for a probable redox partner of BcLPMO9C and identified cellobiose dehydrogenase_53425 (CDH_53425) as its electron donor partner. Their interaction was validated with experimental strategies such as competition ELISA, surface plasmon resonance and label-transfer studies. Further, using X-ray diffraction and SEM analyses, we established that BcLPMO9C and CDH_53425 are redox partners in degrading complex biomass. Overall, our study provides for the first time a rational approach for secretome analysis to identify an endogenous redox partner of LPMO. This advancement in our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of the LPMO-CDH interaction will provide insights into improving cellulolytic enzyme cocktails used in the biofuels industry.
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Spermine inhibits Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation through the NspS-MbaA polyamine signaling system [Signal Transduction]
The aquatic bacterium and human intestinal pathogen, Vibrio cholerae, senses and responds to a variety of environment-specific cues to regulate biofilm formation. Specifically, the polyamines norspermidine and spermidine enhance and repress V. cholerae biofilm formation, respectively. These effects are relevant for understanding V. cholerae pathogenicity and are mediated through the periplasmic binding protein, NspS, and the transmembrane c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase MbaA. However, the levels of spermidine required to inhibit biofilm formation through this pathway are unlikely to be encountered by V. cholerae in aquatic reservoirs or within the human host during infection. We therefore hypothesized that other polyamines in the gastrointestinal tract may control V. cholerae biofilm formation at physiological levels. The tetramine spermine has been reported to be present at nearly 50 micromolar concentrations in the intestinal lumen. Here, we report that spermine acts as an exogenous cue that inhibits V. cholerae biofilm formation through the NspS-MbaA signaling system. We found that this effect likely occurs through a direct interaction of spermine with NspS, as purified NspS protein could bind spermine in vitro. Spermine also inhibited biofilm formation by altering the transcription of the vps genes involved in biofilm matrix production. Global c-di-GMP levels were unaffected by spermine supplementation, suggesting that biofilm formation may be regulated by variations in local rather than global c-di-GMP pools. Finally, we propose a model illustrating how the NspS-MbaA signaling system may communicate exogenous polyamine content to the cell to control biofilm formation in the aquatic environment and within the human intestine.
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Recently duplicated plant heterotrimeric G{alpha} proteins with subtle biochemical differences influence specific outcomes of signal-response coupling [Developmental Biology]
Heterotrimeric G-proteins, comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, regulate key signaling processes in eukaryotes. The Gα subunit determines the status of signaling by switching between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound forms. Unlike animal systems, in which multiple Gα proteins with variable biochemical properties exist, plants have fewer, highly similar Gα subunits, which have resulted from recent genome duplications. These proteins exhibit subtle differences in their GTP-binding, GDP/GTP-exchange and GTP-hydrolysis activities, but the extent to which these differences contribute to affect plant signaling and development remains unknown. To evaluate this, we expressed native and engineered Gα proteins from soybean in an Arabidopsis Gα-null background and studied their effects on modulating a range of developmental and hormonal signaling phenotypes. Our results indicated that inherent biochemical differences in these highly similar Gα proteins are biologically relevant, and some proteins are more flexible than others in influencing the outcomes of specific signals. These observations suggest that alterations in the rate of the G-protein cycle itself may contribute to the specificity of response regulation in plants by affecting the duration of active signaling and/or by the formation of distinct protein-protein complexes. In species such as Arabidopsis having a single canonical Gα, this rate could be affected by regulatory proteins in the presence of specific signals, whereas in plants with multiple Gα proteins, an even more complex regulation may exist, which likely contributes to the specificity of signal-response coupling.
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At 24, This Boy Is The Youngest Patient To Have Been Diagnosed With Oral Cancer - malaysiandigest.com
| At 24, This Boy Is The Youngest Patient To Have Been Diagnosed With Oral Cancer malaysiandigest.com Between then until May of this year, Faid sustained bleeding for four times, on top of cavity beginning to appear on his tongue. The Star highlighted that doctors had to promptly surgically remove three-quarters of the patient's tongue on May 17 after ... |
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Postnatal hypoxia evokes persistent changes within the male rat’s dopaminergic system
Abstract
Purpose
Hypoxic insults occurring during the perinatal period remain the leading cause of permanent brain impairment. Severe cognitive and motor dysfunction, as seen in cerebral palsy, will occur in 4–10% of post-hypoxic newborns. Subtle cognitive impairment, apparent in disorders of minimal brain dysfunction will occur in > 3 million post-hypoxic newborns. Analyses of post-hypoxic rodent brains reveal reduced extracellular levels of dopamine, a key neurotransmitter of vigilance, execute function, and behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess whether synaptic levels of dopamine could be enhanced in post-hypoxic, hypodopaminergic rats.
Methods
Newborn male rats were exposed to subtle, repetitive hypoxic insults for 4–6 h per day, during postnatal days 7–11. During adolescence, we quantified dopamine content within the caudate nuclei. We then determined whether extracellular dopamine levels could be increased by injecting the psychostimulant d-amphetamine. We next assessed whether the post-hypoxic rat's response to d-amphetamine would differentially impact place preference behavior when compared with littermate controls.
Results
Total tissue content of dopamine was significantly higher in post-hypoxic rats. Injection of d-amphetamine liberated that dopamine which subsequently enhanced extracellular levels. Post-hypoxic rats acquired conditioned place preference for d-amphetamine during the training days. During the testing day, total time spent in the amphetamine-pairing box did not differ between post-hypoxic and control littermates.
Conclusion
Postnatally occurring hypoxic insults promote remodeling of the dopaminergic system resulting in increased intracellular sequestering of this monoamine. That sequestered dopamine can be released using the psychostimulant d-amphetamine, which did not promote a conditioned place preference any greater than was observed in non-hypoxic littermate controls.
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Photoacoustic imaging for in vivo quantification of placental oxygenation in mice [Research]
Accurate analysis of placental and fetal oxygenation is critical during pregnancy. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) combines laser technology with ultrasound in real time. We tested the sensitivity and accuracy of PAI for analysis of placental and fetal O2 saturation (sO2) in mice. The placental labyrinth (L) had a higher sO2 than the junctional zone plus decidua region (JZ+D) in C57Bl/6 mice. Changing maternal O2 from 100 to 20% in C57Bl/6 mice lowered sO2 in these regions. C57Bl/6 mice were treated with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) from gestational day (GD) 11 to GD18 to induce hypertension. L-NAME decreased sO2 in L and JZ+D at GD14 and GD18 in association with fetal growth restriction and higher blood pressure. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α immunostaining was higher in L-NAME vs. control mice at GD14. Fetal sO2 levels were similar between l-NAME and control mice at GD14 and GD18. In contrast to untreated C57Bl/6, L-NAME decreased placental sO2 at GD14 and GD18 vs. GD10 or GD12. Placental sO2 was lower in fetal growth restriction in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 knockout mouse model characterized by placental hypoxia. On phantom studies, patterns of sO2 measured directly correlated with those measured by PAI. In summary, PAI enables the detection of placental and fetal oxygenation during normal and pathologic pregnancies in mice.—Yamaleyeva, L. M., Sun, Y., Bledsoe, T., Hoke, A., Gurley, S. B., Brosnihan, K. B. Photoacoustic imaging for in vivo quantification of placental oxygenation in mice.
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Nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3, protects against excitotoxicity-induced axonal degeneration [Research]
NAD+ depletion is a common phenomenon in neurodegenerative pathologies. Excitotoxicity occurs in multiple neurologic disorders and NAD+ was shown to prevent neuronal degeneration in this process through mechanisms that remained to be determined. The activity of nicotinamide riboside (NR) in neuroprotective models and the recent description of extracellular conversion of NAD+ to NR prompted us to probe the effects of NAD+ and NR in protection against excitotoxicity. Here, we show that intracortical administration of NR but not NAD+ reduces brain damage induced by NMDA injection. Using cortical neurons, we found that provision of extracellular NR delays NMDA-induced axonal degeneration (AxD) much more strongly than extracellular NAD+. Moreover, the stronger effect of NR compared to NAD+ depends of axonal stress since in AxD induced by pharmacological inhibition of nicotinamide salvage, both NAD+ and NR prevent neuronal death and AxD in a manner that depends on internalization of NR. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that NR is a better neuroprotective agent than NAD+ in excitotoxicity-induced AxD and that axonal protection involves defending intracellular NAD+ homeostasis.—Vaur, P., Brugg, B., Mericskay, M., Li, Z., Schmidt, M. S., Vivien, D., Orset, C., Jacotot, E., Brenner, C., Duplus, E. Nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3, protects against excitotoxicity-induced axonal degeneration.
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Gab2 mediates hepatocellular carcinogenesis by integrating multiple signaling pathways [Research]
Our previous studies have found that Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2–associated binding protein 2 (Gab2)—a docking protein—governs the development of fatty liver disease. Here, we further demonstrate that Gab2 mediates hepatocarcinogenesis. Compared with a faint expression in para-carcinoma tissue, Gab2 was highly expressed in ~60–70% of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. Deletion of Gab2 dramatically suppressed diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC in mice. The oncogenic effects of Gab2 in HepG2 cells were promoted by Gab2 overexpression but were rescued by Gab2 knockdown. Furthermore, Gab2 knockout in HepG2 cells restrained cell proliferation, migration and tumor growth in nude mice. Signaling pathway analysis with protein kinase inhibitors demonstrated that oncogenic regulation by Gab2 in hepatic cells involved multiple signaling molecules, including ERK, Akt, and Janus kinases (Jaks), especially those that mediate inflammatory signaling. IL-6 signaling was increased by Gab2 overexpression and impaired by Gab2 deletion via regulation of Jak2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation and the expression of downstream genes, such as Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), c-Myc, MMP7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7), and cyclin D1 in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that Gab2 mediates the pathologic progression of HCC by integrating multiple signaling pathways and suggest that Gab2 might be a powerful therapeutic target for HCC.—Cheng, J., Zhong, Y., Chen, S., Sun, Y., Huang, L., Kang, Y., Chen, B., Chen, G., Wang, F., Tian, Y., Liu, W., Feng, G.-S., Lu, Z. Gab2 mediates hepatocellular carcinogenesis by integrating multiple signaling pathways.
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Activation of liver X receptor suppresses angiogenesis via induction of ApoD [Research]
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are important sensors and regulators for cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose. LXRs play essential roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. We examined the effects of T0901317, a potent LXR agonist, on angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with T0901317 inhibited the tube formation and migration of HUVECs as well as reduced the in vivo angiogenesis determined by chorioallantoic membrane assay. T0901317 stimulated gene and protein expression of LXR target gene apolipoprotein D (ApoD). Overexpression of ApoD suppressed the tube formation of HUVECs. ApoD interacted with scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1), while knockdown of SR-B1 blocked suppressive effects of T0901317 on HUVEC migration. T0901317 treatment or overexpression of ApoD lessened expression of proteins regulating angiogenesis, including phospho–eNOS S1177, phospho–Akt T308, phospho–Akt S473, eNOS, mammalian target of rapamycin, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, IL-8, RhoB, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, -9, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Our study suggested that activation of LXR interferes with angiogenesis through induction of LXR target gene ApoD, which in turn suppresses PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling, an essential pathway regulating angiogenesis. ApoD may be a potential therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis.—Lai, C.-J., Cheng, H.-C., Lin, C.-Y., Huang, S.-H., Chen, T.-H., Chung, C.-J., Chang, C.-H., Wang, H.-D., Chuu, C.-P. Activation of liver X receptor suppresses angiogenesis via induction of ApoD.
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Association of increased gait variability while dual tasking and cognitive decline: results from a prospective longitudinal cohort pilot study
Abstract
Dual task-related changes in gait are considered as a sensitive and a specific marker of adverse effects of cognitive impairment on the highest levels of gait control. No study has examined the longitudinal association between gait performance while dual tasking and the occurrence of cognitive decline. This study aims to examine the association of stride time parameters (i.e., mean value and coefficient of variation (CoV)) during single and dual tasking with the occurrence of cognitive decline in non-demented older community dwellers. A total of 56 non-demented community dwellers were recruited in a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores at baseline assessment and at 5-year follow-up assessment, and mean value and CoV of stride time at self-selected usual pace, while usual walking and dual tasking (i.e., counting backward and verbal fluency task) at baseline assessment were recorded. Variation (i.e., delta) of MMSE score from baseline to follow-up assessment as well as of stride time parameters from single to dual task was used as outcomes. Worse stride time values were reported while dual tasking compared to single tasking (P < 0.03). An increase of mean value, CoV, and delta of CoV of stride time was associated with an increased delta MMSE while performing verbal fluency task (P < 0.05). Worsening stride time parameters while performing a verbal fluency task at baseline assessment was associated with decline in MMSE score during the 5-year follow-up period in this sample of older community dwellers.
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PI-273, a substrate-competitive, specific small molecule inhibitor of PI4KII{alpha}, inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells
While phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase PI4KIIα has been identified as a potential target for antitumor therapy, the clinical applications of PI4KIIα are limited by a lack of specific inhibitors. Here we report the first small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) of human PI4KIIα. Docking-based and ligand-based virtual screening strategies were first employed to identify promising hits, followed by two rounds of kinase activity inhibition validation. 2-(3-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)thioureido)-4-ethyl-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxamide (PI-273) exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect on PI4KIIα kinase activity (IC50 = 0.47 μM) and suppressed cell proliferation. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and thermal shift assays indicated that PI-273 interacted directly with PI4KIIα. Kinetic analysis identified PI-273 as a reversible competitive inhibitor with respect to the substrate phosphatidylinositol (PI), which contrasted with most other PI kinase inhibitors that bind the ATP binding site. PI-273 reduced PI4P content, cell viability, and AKT signaling in wild-type MCF-7 cells but not in PI4KIIα knockout MCF-7 cells, indicating that PI-273 is highly selective for PI4KIIα. Mutant analysis revealed a role of palmitoylation insertion in the selectivity of PI-273 for PI4KIIα. Additionally, PI-273 treatment retarded cell proliferation by blocking cells in G2/M, inducing cell apoptosis and suppressing colony-forming ability. Importantly, PI-273 significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell-induced breast tumor growth without toxicity. PI-273 is the first substrate-competitive, subtype-specific inhibitor of PI4KIIα, the use of which will facilitate evaluations of PI4KIIα as a cancer therapeutic target.
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Monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 promotes tumor metastasis independently of its activity as a lactate transporter
Extracellular acidosis resulting from intense metabolic activities in tumors promotes cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. While host cells die at low extracellular pH, cancer cells resist, as they are well equipped with transporters and enzymes to regulate intracellular pH homeostasis. A low extracellular pH further activates proteolytic enzymes that remodel the extracellular matrix to facilitate cell migration and invasion. Monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 is a passive transporter of lactic acid that has attracted interest as a target for small molecule drugs to prevent metastasis. In this study, we present evidence of a function for MCT1 in metastasis beyond its role as a transporter of lactic acid. MCT1 activated transcription factor NF-κB to promote cancer cell migration independently of MCT1 transporter activity. While pharmacological MCT1 inhibition did not modulate MCT1-dependent cancer cell migration, silencing or genetic deletion of MCT1 in vivo inhibited migration, invasion and spontaneous metastasis. Our findings raise the possibility that pharmacological inhibitors of MCT1-mediated lactic acid transport may not effectively prevent metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.
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STRAP promotes stemness of human colorectal cancer via epigenetic regulation of the NOTCH pathway
NOTCH signaling exerts essential roles in normal and malignant intestinal physiology and the homeostasis of cancer stem-like cells (CSC), but the basis for this latter role remains obscure. The signaling scaffold protein STRAP is upregulated in several cancers where it promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis. Here we report a novel oncogenic function for STRAP in maintaining CSC subpopulations in a heterogeneous mixture by antagonizing formation of the chromatin modifier PRC2 and by epigenetically activating NOTCH signals in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Silencing STRAP sensitized CRC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. STRAP depletion also contributed to a reduced stem-like phenotype of CRC cells, as indicated by reduced expression of the CSC signature and NOTCH signaling regulators in vitro and by diminished tumorigenesis in vivo. Genes encoding some upstream activators of NOTCH were highly enriched for H3K27me3, which form repressive chromatin domains upon STRAP silencing. Mechanistically, STRAP competitively disrupted association of the PRC2 subunits EZH2 and SUZ12, thereby inhibiting PRC2 assembly. Restoring the NOTCH pathway by lentiviral expression of NICD1 or HES1 in STRAP-depleted tumor cells reversed the CSC phenotype. In 90 CRC clinical specimens, a significant positive correlation was documented between the expression of STRAP and HES1. Overall, our findings illuminated a novel STRAP-NOTCH1-HES1 molecular axis as a CSC regulator in CRC, with potential implications to improve treatment of this disease.
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Different engagement of TLR2 and TLR4 in Porphyromonas gingivalis vs. ligature-induced periodontal bone loss
Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the roles of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)-induced and ligature-induced experimental periodontal bone resorption in mice. Wild-type (WT), TLR2 knockout (KO), TLR4KO, and TLR2&4 KO mice with C57/BL6 background were divided into three groups: control, P. gingivalis infection, and ligation. Live P. gingivalis or silk ligatures were placed in the sulcus around maxillary second molars over a 2-week period. Images were captured by digital stereomicroscopy, and the bone resorption area was measured with ImageJ software. The protein expression level of gingival RANKL was measured by ELISA. The gingival mRNA levels of RANKL, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that P. gingivalis induced significant periodontal bone resorption in WT mice and TLR2 KO mice but not in TLR4 KO mice or TLR2&4 KO mice. For all four types of mice, ligation induced significant bone loss compared with that in control groups, and this bone loss was significantly higher than that in the P. gingivalis infection group. RANKL protein expression was significantly increased in the ligation group compared with that in the control group for all four types of mice, and in the P. gingivalis infection group of WT, TLR2 KO, and TLR4 KO mice. Expression patterns of RANKL, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 mRNA were different in the P. gingivalis infection group and the ligation group in different types of mice. In summary, P. gingivalis-induced periodontal bone resorption is TLR4-dependent, whereas ligation-induced periodontal bone resorption is neither TLR2- nor TLR4-dependent.
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Comparing depth-dependent curing radiant exposure and time of curing of regular and flow bulk-fill composites
Abstract The effect of restoration depth on the curing time of a conventional and two bulk-fill composite resins by measuring microhardness and the respective radiosity of the bottom surface of the specimen was investigated. 1-, 3- and 5-mm thick washers were filled with Surefil SDR Flow–U (SDR), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill-IVA (TEC) or Esthet-X HD–B1 (EHD), and cured with Bluephase® G2 for 40s. Additional 1-mm washers were filled with SDR, TEC or EHD, placed above the light sensor of MARC®, stacked with pre-cured 1-, 3- or 5-mm washer of respective material, and cured for 2.5~60s to mimic 2-, 4- and 6-mm thick composite curing. The sensor measured the radiosity (EB) at the bottom of specimen stacks. Vickers hardness (VH) was measured immediately at 5 locations with triplicate specimens. Nonlinear regression of VH vs EB by VH=α[1-exp(-EB/β)] with all thickness shows that the values of α, maximum hardness, are 21.6±1.0 kg/mm2 for SDR, 38.3±0.6 kg/mm2 for TEC and 45.3±2.6 kg/mm2 for EHD, and the values of β, rate parameter, are 0.40±0.06 J/cm2 for SDR, 0.77±0.04 J/cm2 for TEC and 0.58±0.09 J/cm2 for EHD. The radiosity of the bottom surface was calculated when the bottom surface of each material attained 80% of α of each material. The curing times for each material are in agreement with manufacturer recommendation for thickness. It is possible to estimate time needed to cure composite resin of known depth adequately by the radiosity and microhardness of the bottom surface.
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Ki-67 protein predicts survival in oral squamous carcinoma cells: an immunohistochemical study
Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the expression of Ki-67 and MCM3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as to address the correlation with patient survival and clinical features. Samples were collected from 51 patients with OSCC who presented for follow-up. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and MCM3 in all groups was performed. The scoring system was previous published by Tsurutani in 2005. We used Kappa index to evaluate observers agreement degree. The associations between protein expression and clinical variables were examined for statistical significance using the chi-squared test. The overall survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the relationship between protein expression and survival was compared using the log-rank test (p < 0.05). The overall survival time for a patient with positive immunostaining for Ki-67 is shorter than for a patient with negative immunostaining, (log-rank test, p = 0.00882). Patients with tumor size T3 and T4 showed a statistically significant relationship with Ki-67 immunoexpression (log-rank test, p = 0.0174). The relationship between Ki-67 expression and the relation between age, gender, smoking, tumor site, lymph node metastasis and disease stage was not significant. The examiners agreement degree by Kappa presented p value < 0.05. There was not a significant correlation when we evaluated MCM3 expression regarding clinical characteristics and survival rate. From these results, the present study suggests that positive Ki-67 expression found in OSCC patients may contribute to predict the survival in OSCC samples, as well as the relation between the protein and the tumor size.
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Longitudinal impact of clinical and socioenvironmental variables on oral health-related quality of life in adolescents
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of oral diseases, socioeconomic status, and family environmental factors on changes in the perception of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents. A prospective cohort study was conducted in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a sample of 286 twelve-year-old adolescents from public and private schools, selected by means of multistage random sampling. The adolescents were clinically examined for dental caries experience (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth - DMFT index), presence of bleeding, and orthodontic treatment needs. They were asked to complete the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14). In addition, parents answered a questionnaire about their socioeconomic status and family environmental characteristics. After 3 years, the adolescents were contacted again to participate in the research. Logistic regression models, with explanatory variables assessed both individually and jointly, were used to determine which independent variables impacted longitudinally on OHRQoL. The final result demonstrated that only DMFT explained part of the response variability in CPQ11-14 scores. In conclusion, caries experience was an important predictor of OHRQoL in adolescents followed up for 3 years.
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Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer doesn't up stroke risk - Medical Xpress
| Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer doesn't up stroke risk Medical Xpress Chun-Yi Lin, M.D., from Show Chwan Memorial Hospital in Changhua, Taiwan, and colleagues examined the correlation between I-131 therapy for thyroid cancer and the risk of stroke among 10,104 patients aged 20 years or older newly diagnosed with ... |
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Pulsating sounds in head may be pulsatile tinnitus - Frederick News Post (subscription)
| Pulsating sounds in head may be pulsatile tinnitus Frederick News Post (subscription) ... occur when the temporal bone transmits the sound of a nearby artery — or from more serious conditions, such as when a nearby artery suffers an aneurysm, when a carotid artery narrows, or when a person develops a paraganglioma (a tumor that can ... |
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Emergency contraception in a public health emergency “Zika virus outbreak”
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):748-748
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Relationship of strategies for emotion cognitive adjustment with psychological well-being and anxiety in mothers with cancer children
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):702-706
Background and Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the relationship between strategies of emotion cognitive adjustment and psychological well-being with anxiety in mothers with cancer children. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of 86 individuals, who were selected using convenience sampling method; they responded to psychological well-being and anxiety questionnaires. Results: The research method was descriptive of a correlational type. Data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed through multivariate regression in SPSS software, after being marked. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between emotion cognitive adjustment strategies and anxiety and psychological well-being in mothers with cancer children. Conclusion: Results showed that emotion cognitive adjustment predicts about 27.1% of anxiety changes and about 26.8% of psychological well-being changes in mothers with cancer children.
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Addressing the challenges of diagnostic delay and longer treatment duration for multidrug resistant tuberculosis: World Health Organization
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):497-498
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Strengthening research and development activities to effectively contain the epidemics of infectious diseases: World health organization
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):499-500
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Network creation to support the international collaboration: A short note on Surindra – Niigata University relationship
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):738-739
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Safe space: An effective option to ensure normalcy in the lives of refugee women and girls in conflict-affected Syria
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):501-502
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Reactome analysis of Zika virus genes: Implication for pathogenesis
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):755-755
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Involving fathers in achieving gender equality through a television reality show
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):503-504
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How can we eradicate informal payments for health care in Asia?
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):771-772
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The challenges of antenna modification in medical practice: The MRI machine
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):726-730
The challenges of modifying the antenna of imaging systems, e.g., MRI, are enormous. The electromagnetic principles for the non-ionizing radiation technique to view internal structures in the human body depend on many factors such as the ratings of the magnetic field, computer, digitizer, RF source, and electrical field. An incorporation of the Bloch NMR flow equation alongside the electromagnetic principles is quite complex. However, the modality was successfully developed to predict the radiofrequency appropriate for the successful imaging session. It was observed that the patient is currently under severe danger of excess exposure to electromagnetic fields.
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INSPIRE: A comprehensive package to reduce violence against children and provide a safe and nurturing environment
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):507-508
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Taking major strides in dengue vaccine research: World health organization
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):743-744
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Liver problem in zika virus infection: Possibility?
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):751-752
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Census: A systematic and comprehensive tool to address the needs of the disadvantaged population groups
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):511-512
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What can we learn from Google Map base GIS system on opisthorchiasis in northeastern Thailand?
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):758-759
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Legal protection for women in Yemen: A sorry state
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017 10(3):513-514
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Kidnapping Detection and Recognition in Previous Unknown Environment
An unaware event referred to as kidnapping makes the estimation result of localization incorrect. In a previous unknown environment, incorrect localization result causes incorrect mapping result in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) by kidnapping. In this situation, the explored area and unexplored area are divided to make the kidnapping recovery difficult. To provide sufficient information on kidnapping, a framework to judge whether kidnapping has occurred and to identify the type of kidnapping with filter-based SLAM is proposed. The framework is called double kidnapping detection and recognition (DKDR) by performing two checks before and after the "update" process with different metrics in real time. To explain one of the principles of DKDR, we describe a property of filter-based SLAM that corrects the mapping result of the environment using the current observations after the "update" process. Two classical filter-based SLAM algorithms, Extend Kalman Filter (EKF) SLAM and Particle Filter (PF) SLAM, are modified to show that DKDR can be simply and widely applied in existing filter-based SLAM algorithms. Furthermore, a technique to determine the adapted thresholds of metrics in real time without previous data is presented. Both simulated and experimental results demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
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Gut Microbial Influences on the Mammalian Intestinal Stem Cell Niche
The mammalian intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) niche is comprised of diverse epithelial, immune, and stromal cells, which together respond to environmental changes within the lumen and exert coordinated regulation of IESC behavior. There is growing appreciation for the role of the gut microbiota in modulating intestinal proliferation and differentiation, as well as other aspects of intestinal physiology. In this review, we evaluate the diverse roles of known niche cells in responding to gut microbiota and supporting IESCs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which microbiota may exert their influence on niche cells and possibly on IESCs directly. Finally, we present an overview of the benefits and limitations of available tools to study niche-microbe interactions and provide our recommendations regarding their use and standardization. The study of host-microbe interactions in the gut is a rapidly growing field, and the IESC niche is at the forefront of host-microbe activity to control nutrient absorption, endocrine signaling, energy homeostasis, immune response, and systemic health.
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Improved Finite Beam Element Method to Analyze the Natural Vibration of Steel-Concrete Composite Truss Beam
Based on Hamilton's principle, this study has developed a continuous treatment for the steel-concrete composite truss beam (SCCTB). It has also deduced the SCCTB element stiffness matrix and mass matrix, which include the effects of interface slip, shear deformation, moment of inertia, and many other influencing factors. A finite beam element method (FBEM) program for SCCTB's natural vibration frequency has been developed and used to calculate the natural vibration frequencies of several SCCTBs with different spans and different degrees of shear connections. The FBEM's calculation results of several SCCTBs agree well with the results obtained from ANSYS. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn. For the SCCTB with high-order natural vibration frequency and with short span, the effect of the shear deformation is greater. Hence, the effect of the shear deformation on the SCCTB's high-order natural vibration frequency cannot be ignored. On the other hand, the effect of the interface slip on the SCCTB's high-order natural vibration frequency is insignificant. However, the effect of the interface slip on the SCCTB's low-order natural vibration frequency cannot be ignored.
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Large Subcapsular Splenic Hematoma with a Large Pancreatic Pseudocyst Was Successfully Treated with Splenic Arterial Embolization and Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Subcapsular splenic hematoma is a rare complication of pancreatitis. The management for subcapsular splenic hematoma remains controversial. We herein report a case of a large subcapsular splenic hematoma with a large pancreatic pseudocyst, which was successfully treated with splenic arterial embolization and ultrasound- (US-) guided percutaneous drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst, for the first time. A 44-year-old male suffered from recurrent abdominal pain for more than two years. He had previous 3 episodes of pancreatitis. A subcapsular splenic hematoma (16.0 × 16.0 × 7.6 cm) with pancreatic pseudocyst (13.5 × 10.0 × 8.0 cm) was shown on abdominal computed tomography (CT). He underwent splenic arterial embolization to decrease the blood supply of the spleen and then ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the large pancreatic pseudocyst. After 2 weeks, the repeated CT-Abdomen showed the disappearance of pancreatic pseudocyst and multiple areas of infarction on the spleen, while the splenic subcapsular hematoma had also significantly reduced. The patient was discharged after almost a month of his hospital admission with the drainage tube attached, and about 2 weeks later the drainage tube was removed upon CT scan confirmation of decrease in the volume of the subcapsular hematoma. Patient had no abdominal symptoms at the 1.5-year follow-up.
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Charges and Electromagnetic Radiation as Topological Excitations
We discuss a model with stable topological solitons in Minkowski space with only three degrees of freedom, the rotational angles of a spatial Dreibein. This model has four types of solitons differing in two topological quantum numbers which we identify with electric charge and spin. The vacuum has a two-dimensional degeneracy leading to two types of massless excitations, characterised by a topological quantum number which could have a physical equivalent in the photon number.
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Locality-Based Visual Outlier Detection Algorithm for Time Series
Physiological theories indicate that the deepest impression for time series data with respect to the human visual system is its extreme value. Based on this principle, by researching the strategies of extreme-point-based hierarchy segmentation, the hierarchy-segmentation-based data extraction method for time series, and the ideas of locality outlier, a novel outlier detection model and method for time series are proposed. The presented algorithm intuitively labels an outlier factor to each subsequence in time series such that the visual outlier detection gets relatively direct. The experimental results demonstrate the average advantage of the developed method over the compared methods and the efficient data reduction capability for time series, which indicates the promising performance of the proposed method and its practical application value.
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On the Characterization and Enumeration of Some Generalized Trapezoidal Numbers
A trapezoidal number, a sum of at least two consecutive positive integers, is a figurate number that can be represented by points rearranged in the plane as a trapezoid. Such numbers have been of interest and extensively studied. In this paper, a generalization of trapezoidal numbers has been introduced. For each positive integer , a positive integer is called an -trapezoidal number if can be written as an arithmetic series of at least terms with common difference . Properties of -trapezoidal numbers have been studied together with their trapezoidal representations. In the special case where , the characterization and enumeration of such numbers have been given as well as illustrative examples. Precisely, for a fixed -trapezoidal number , the ways and the number of ways to write as an arithmetic series with common difference have been determined. Some remarks on -trapezoidal numbers have been provided as well.
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Leaving the labour market later in life: how does it impact on mechanisms for health?
Objectives
Negative associations between non-employment and health among older people are well established and are potentially important for successful ageing. However, opportunities to improve health through re-employment or extending working lives are limited as later-life exits from employment are often unwanted and permanent. We aim to establish a greater understanding of the psychosocial mechanisms underlying non-employment and health associations in older people to identify modifiable pathways through which the negative impact of non-employment can be ameliorated.
MethodsUsing multilevel analysis of four waves of repeated panel data from a representative sample of 1551 older men and women reaching state retirement age in the West of Scotland from 1987/1988 to 2000/2004, we explored respondents' strength of agreement with 20 statements relating to their self-defined employment status, covering themes of functioning, social engagement, self-esteem, mental engagement, stress, and control and autonomy.
ResultsCompared with those in employment, respondents who were retired, unemployed, sick/disabled and home makers were more likely to agree that this resulted in poor social engagement, low self-esteem and, with the possible exception of retirees, reduced mental engagement. Associations were particularly marked among unemployed and sick/disabled respondents who also agreed that their status was a source of worry and prevented them from feeling in control.
ConclusionOlder people who are not in employment are at higher risk of poor physical and mental health. Interventions targeting psychosocial mechanisms such as social and mental engagement and self-esteem offer potentially valuable opportunities to improve health outcomes and promote successful ageing.
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Cabozantinib Effective as Salvage Therapy in Thyroid Cancer - Cancer Therapy Advisor
| Cabozantinib Effective as Salvage Therapy in Thyroid Cancer Cancer Therapy Advisor There is a lack of secondary therapies available for patients with thyroid cancer, and available therapies in second/third-line or salvage setting possess poor toxicity profiles or are inadequately able to sustain response to treatment. A previous ... |
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Concentration, sources and risk assessment of PAHs in bottom sediments
Abstract
The aims of the study were to investigate the concentration, sources and ecological risk of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in bottom sediments collected from nine reservoirs located in south-eastern Poland. The concentration of ∑PAHs in sediments ranged from 150 to 33,900 μg kg−1. The total PAH concentration in the bottom sediments was arranged in the following order: Rybnik > Rzeszów > Brzóza Królewska > Brzóza Stadnicka > Besko > Chechło > Ożanna > Głuchów > Narożniki. BAP was the major compound in sediments from the Besko, Brzóza Stadnicka and Rzeszów reservoirs; FLT in the sediments from the Rybnik, Narożniki, Ożanna and Brzóza Królewska reservoirs; and FLN from the Głuchów and Chechło reservoirs. The major inputs of PAHs were of pyrolytic origin. However, petrogenic sources of PAHs occurred especially in the Chechło and Głuchów reservoirs. The ecological risk assessment indicated that non-adverse effects on the benthic fauna may occur for sediments from the Głuchów, Narozniki and Ożanna reservoirs, while slightly adverse effects were found for sediments from the Brzóza Królewska, Besko, Brzóza Stadnicka and Chechło reservoirs. The other sediments showed moderate (Rzeszów reservoirs) and strong effect (Rybnik reservoir) on biological communities. Individual PAHs such as NAP, PHE, FLT, PYR, BAA, CHR and BAP in sediments from the Rybnik reservoir and BAP in sediments from the Rzeszów reservoirs indicated a higher possibility of occurrence of an adverse ecological effect. PCA analysis found slight difference between the reservoirs in the profile of variable PAHs. Only the sediments from the Rybnik and Chechło reservoirs differ considerably from this grouping.
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