The cover image, by Jianjian Qiu et al., is based on the Original Article 18F-Fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography/CT-guided volumetric-modulated arc therapy-based dose escalation for hypoxic subvolume in nasopharyngeal carcinomas: A feasibility study, DOI: 10.1002/hed.24925.
Do you hate them to the point of avoiding bright lipstick, laughing, talking and smiling without lifting your hand up to cover your mouth? Me too, and so like hundreds of other UK adults, I have traded the indignity of a crooked smile for the indignity of wearing an adult brace. When it comes to physical appearance, on the whole, I'm relatively laid back , being more pro-comfort than pro-looks.
White matter lesions (WMLs) have been associated with cognitive and motor decline. Resting state networks (RSNs) are spatially coherent patterns in the human brain and their interactions sustain our daily function. Therefore, investigating the altered intra- and inter-network connectivity among the RSNs may help to understand the association of WMLs with impaired cognitive and motor function. Here, we assessed alterations in functional connectivity patterns based on six well-defined RSNs—the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), frontal-parietal control network (FPCN), auditory network (AN), sensory motor network (SMN) and visual network (VN)—in 15 patients with ischemic WMLs and 15 controls. In the patients, Spearman's correlation analysis was further performed between these alterations and cognitive test scores, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Our results showed wide alterations of inter-network connectivity mainly involving the SMN, DMN, FPCN and DAN, and some alterations correlated with cognitive test scores in the patients. The reduced functional connectivities in the SMN-AN, SMN-VN, FPCN-AN, DAN-VN pairs may account for the cognitive and motor decline in patients with ischemic WMLs, while the increased functional connectivities in the DMN-AN, DMN-FPCN and DAN-FPCN pairs may reflect a functional network reorganization after damage to white matter. It is unexpected that altered intra-network connectivities were found within the AN and VN, which may explain the impairments in verbal fluency and information retrieval associated with WMLs. This study highlights the importance of functional connectivity in understanding how WMLs influence cognitive and behavior dysfunction.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictability of F22 aligners (Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Italy) in guiding teeth into the positions planned using digital orthodontic setup.
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ONCE seen as a popular fashion trend - and even a sign of wealth and prosperity - getting one's teeth ornamented with gold has always carried with it its own set of pros and cons. Over the years, the trend has evolved in many ways - losing ground in some areas, and totally transforming in others - as having one gold tooth has sometimes been replaced by a mouthful of gold or gemstones, popularly known as "grillz".
To determine whether inclusion of chemoradiation history increases estimated risk for complications following total laryngectomy using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Surgical Risk Calculator.
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Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 797-807
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119044
Die Korrektur der Ohrmuscheldysplasie Grad I gehört zu den häufigsten ästhetischen Eingriffen im HNO-Gebiet. In den allermeisten Fällen liegt eine komplexe Pathologie von Anthelix, Cavum conchae und/oder Lobulus vor. Der Operateur muss deshalb nach einer genauen Analyse der Pathologie aus den verschiedenen Korrekturmöglichkeiten nach dem „Baukastenprinzip" die für das spezielle Problem geeignetsten Operationstechniken auswählen können.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 753-754
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119601
Konstantinidis I et al. Intranasal trigeminal function in patients with empty nose syndrome. Laryngoscope 2017;127: 1263–1267 Das trigeminale System vermittelt die Wahrnehmung des nasalen Luftflusses. Eine griechische Arbeitsgruppe hat nun in einer Studie untersucht, inwieweit bei „Syndrom der leeren Nase"-Patienten (Empty Nose Syndrome, ENS) die geschädigte intranasale Trigeminusfunktion Teil einer paradoxen Nasenatmungsbehinderung ist.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119757
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 754-755
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119566
Tirelli G et al. Follow-up of oral and oropharyngeal cancer using narrow-band imaging and high-definition television with rigid endoscope to obtain an early diagnosis of second primary tumors: a prospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274: 2529–2536 Italienische Wissenschaftler testeten, inwieweit nach einer Behandlung von oralen Karzinomen und Tumoren des Oropharynx mit einer starren Endoskopie mit NBI-Licht Zweittumore oder lokale Rezidive besser detektierbar sind als mit Weißlicht-Endoskopie (WLE). Darüber hinaus untersuchten sie inwieweit vorherige Radiotherapie, Läsionsseite und Lernkurve die NBI-Leistung zur Detektion mukosaler Gefäßveränderungen tangiert.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 810-813
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119386
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 755-756
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119935
Aarnæs MT et al. Idiopathic subglottic stenosis: an epidemiological single-center study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274: 2225–2228 Wissenschaftler der HNO-Klinik der Universität Oslo untersuchten Inzidenz, Management und Behandlungsergebnisse der idiopathischen subglottischen Stenose.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 792-796
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119592
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 757-758
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119561
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 808-809
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119804
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 759-764
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119388
Das Verstehen von Sprache bei Hintergrundgeräuschen bereitet vielen älteren Menschen Probleme. In der klinischen Praxis wird diese Qualität des Hörvermögens durch Sprachtests im Störgeräusch untersucht. Die Studie HÖRSTAT setzte den Göttinger Satztest (GÖSA) im Störgeräusch zusätzlich zur Tonaudiometrie und einer Befragung bei einer Zufallsstichprobe aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung ein. Wie erwartet nahm der Anteil Schwerhörender ab ca. 60 Jahren stark zu. Bei Ausschluss sehr hoher Hörverluste waren im Alter von 60–85 Jahren jedoch 68 % von 553 Probanden nach dem WHO-Kriterium als normalhörend einzustufen. Von diesen erreichte im GÖSA allerdings nur jeder Dritte annähernd das Sprachverstehen im Störgeräusch junger Normalhörender. Die Selbsteinschätzung des Hörvermögens folgte dabei nur eingeschränkt der messbaren Verschlechterung. Ab einem Alter von ca. 70 Jahren wurden die eigenen Hör-Fähigkeiten eher über- und die Defizite unterschätzt.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 750-751
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122090
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
To explore the pathogenic causes of a proband who was diagnosed with non-syndromic hearing loss.
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Seattle Gourmet Foods of Kent, Washington is recalling 127 cases of Costco item # 2335, Dilettante Chocolates Espresso Blend, Espresso Beans in Semisweet, Milk and White Chocolate, because it may contain undeclared almonds. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to almonds run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume this product.
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Previous research has demonstrated a link between childhood anxiety and sleep problems, but little is known about the link between these difficulties and parental sleep disturbances. The purpose of the current study was to explore the association between anxious children's sleep difficulties and those of their mothers.
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The aim was to study, with a developmental approach, the longitudinal association between night-waking from age 2 to 5–6 years and behavior at age 5–6 years.
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Off-label drug use is highly prevalent, but controversial and often discouraged assuming generally inferior medical effects associated with off-label use.
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Although radiation-based treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer may achieve excellent long term oncologic results, late effects of therapy may lead to soft tissue radionecrosis and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Repair of these oro- and nasopharyngeal defects presents a complex reconstructive challenge. We present a case of a long-term survivor treated with chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer who developed progressive dysphagia, velopharyngeal insufficiency, and radionecrosis of the nasopharynx and soft palate, leading to tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube dependence.
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The aim of this study was to compare implant failure and radiographic bone level changes with different loading protocols for unsplinted two-implant-supported mandibular overdentures. An electronic search of two databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library) was performed, without language restriction, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immediate or early versus conventional dental implant loading protocols for unsplinted two-implant-supported mandibular overdentures. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers.
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This study evaluated the effects of proximal segment rotation and the extent of mandibular setback on post-sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) relapse using three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with a skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent SSRO alone were enrolled in this study. The movements of the mandibular condyles were assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a 3D imaging program at ≤1 month before the operation (T0), 1 week after the operation (T1), and 6 months (T2) and 1year (T3) postoperative.
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The use of nutritional supplements (NS) places athletes at great risk for inadvertent doping. Due to the paucity of data on supplement use, this study aimed to determine the proportion of Ugandan athletes usin...
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Certain essential and conditionally essential nutrients (CENs) perform functions involved in aerobic exercise performance. However, increased intake of such nutrient combinations has not actually been shown to...
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He's a dentist with an engineering degree, an insatiable curiosity and a sense of adventure, all of which has compelled him to study one of the strangest animals in the world. He's Dr. Fred Eichmiller, 62, the bearded, low-key, quick-to-chuckle vice president and chief science officer of the Stevens Point insurance company Delta Dental of Wisconsin.
In this study, we present a systematic characterization of hair cell loss and regeneration in the chicken utricle in vivo. A single unilateral surgical delivery of streptomycin caused robust decline of hair cell numbers in striolar as well as extrastriolar regions, which in the striola was detected very early, 6 h post-insult. During the initial 12 h of damage response, we observed global repression of DNA replication, in contrast to the natural, mitotic hair cell production in undamaged control utricles. Regeneration of hair cells in striolar and extrastriolar regions occurred via high rates of asymmetric supporting cell divisions, accompanied by delayed replenishment by symmetric division. While asymmetric division of supporting cells is the main regenerative response to aminoglycoside damage, the detection of symmetric divisions supports the concept of direct transdifferentiation where supporting cells need to be replenished after their phenotypic conversion into new hair cells. Supporting cell divisions appear to be well coordinated because total supporting cell numbers throughout the regenerative process were invariant, despite the initial large-scale loss of hair cells. We conclude that a single ototoxic drug application provides an experimental framework to study the precise onset and timing of utricle hair cell regeneration in vivo. Our findings indicate that initial triggers and signaling events occur already within a few hours after aminoglycoside exposure. Direct transdifferentiation and asymmetric division of supporting cells to generate new hair cells subsequently happen largely in parallel and persist for several days.
Low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCO) is a rare subtype of osteosarcoma, constituting < 2% of all osteosarcomas. If not treated appropriately, the tumor can recur with higher-grade disease. We report two cases of low-grade central osteosarcoma with unusual morphologic features and belonging to different age groups. Both presented with pain and swelling in the lower end of femur. Radiologically, both the lesions revealed a large mass with irregular borders and soft tissue invasion.
One patient underwent above-knee amputation and wide local excision of tumor was done in the other patient. Histologically, both the tumors showed spindle cell proliferation displaying mild atypia. In synopsis with radiology, diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma was made in both cases. These cases highlight the varied morphological spectrum of low-grade central osteosarcoma and underscore the diagnostic difficulties faced. Recognition of the variants of low-grade central osteosarcoma is based on aggressive radiological appearance and on adequate tumor sampling for histologic examination.
The purpose of this study is to explore the cardiovascular safety of antimuscarinic drugs to treat overactive bladder (OAB) in Denmark.
This was a cohort study using data recorded in Danish registries from patients newly exposed to darifenacin, fesoterodine, oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine, or trospium in 2004–2012. We estimated crude and standardized incidence rates (IRs) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI); stroke; cardiovascular mortality; major adverse cardiac events (MACE, a combined endpoint of the previous three outcomes); and all-cause death for the individual and combined drugs. We also estimated crude, standardized, and propensity score-stratified incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing individual antimuscarinic drugs to tolterodine as the reference.
Among 72,917 new users of OAB drugs (mean age, 66 years; 60% women), the standardized IR (95% confidence interval) per 1000 person-years for current use of any OAB drug was 2.7 (2.5–2.9) for AMI, 1.3 (1.2–1.5) for stroke, 7.8 (7.5–8.1) for MACE, 4.8 (4.5–5.0) for cardiovascular mortality, and 15.2 (14.8–15.6) for all-cause mortality. Propensity score-stratified IRRs for current use (reference, tolterodine) were close to the null for all drugs and endpoints.
We did not identify differences in the risk of cardiovascular events or mortality among users of individual antimuscarinic OAB drugs.
B. Lefebvre et al.
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Detection of medial olivocochlear-induced (MOC) changes to transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) requires high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). TEOAEs associated with synchronized spontaneous (SS) OAEs exhibit higher SNRs than TEOAEs in the absence of SSOAEs, potentially making the former well suited for MOC assays. Although SSOAEs may complicate interpretation of MOC-induced changes to TEOAE latency, recent work suggests SSOAEs are not a problem in non-latency-dependent MOC assays. The current work examined the potential benefit of SSOAEs in TEOAE-based assays of the MOC efferents. It was hypothesized that the higher SNR afforded by SSOAEs would permit detection of smaller changes to the TEOAE upon activation of the MOC reflex. TEOAEs were measured in 24 female subjects in the presence and absence of contralateral broadband noise. Frequency bands with and without SSOAEs were identified for each subject. The prevalence of TEOAEs and statistically significant MOC effects were highest in frequency bands that also contained SSOAEs. The median TEOAE SNR in frequency bands with SSOAEs was approximately 8 dB higher than the SNR in frequency bands lacking SSOAEs. After normalizing by TEOAE amplitude, MOC-induced changes to the TEOAE were similar between frequency bands with and without SSOAEs. Smaller MOC effects were detectable across a subset of the frequency bands with SSOAEs, presumably due to a higher TEOAE SNR. These findings demonstrate that SSOAEs are advantageous in assays of the MOC reflex.
In this study, we present a systematic characterization of hair cell loss and regeneration in the chicken utricle in vivo. A single unilateral surgical delivery of streptomycin caused robust decline of hair cell numbers in striolar as well as extrastriolar regions, which in the striola was detected very early, 6 h post-insult. During the initial 12 h of damage response, we observed global repression of DNA replication, in contrast to the natural, mitotic hair cell production in undamaged control utricles. Regeneration of hair cells in striolar and extrastriolar regions occurred via high rates of asymmetric supporting cell divisions, accompanied by delayed replenishment by symmetric division. While asymmetric division of supporting cells is the main regenerative response to aminoglycoside damage, the detection of symmetric divisions supports the concept of direct transdifferentiation where supporting cells need to be replenished after their phenotypic conversion into new hair cells. Supporting cell divisions appear to be well coordinated because total supporting cell numbers throughout the regenerative process were invariant, despite the initial large-scale loss of hair cells. We conclude that a single ototoxic drug application provides an experimental framework to study the precise onset and timing of utricle hair cell regeneration in vivo. Our findings indicate that initial triggers and signaling events occur already within a few hours after aminoglycoside exposure. Direct transdifferentiation and asymmetric division of supporting cells to generate new hair cells subsequently happen largely in parallel and persist for several days.
Genetic analysis of benign familial epilepsies in the first year of life in a Chinese cohort
Genetic analysis of benign familial epilepsies in the first year of life in a Chinese cohort, Published online: 13 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0359-x
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A with an autosomal-recessive inheritance: the first report of an adult-onset disease
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A with an autosomal-recessive inheritance: the first report of an adult-onset disease, Published online: 13 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0353-3
In vivo genome editing via the HITI method as a tool for gene therapy
In vivo genome editing via the HITI method as a tool for gene therapy, Published online: 13 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0352-4
Nestlé USA has initiated a recall of Hot Pockets® Four Cheese Pizza Snack Bites due to misbranding and undeclared allergens. The product was donated to a charitable organization in Missouri and was not sold in retail. The product contain the known allergens egg, milk, soy, and wheat, which are not declared. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to eggs, milk, soy or wheat run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume this product.
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Certain essential and conditionally essential nutrients (CENs) perform functions involved in aerobic exercise performance. However, increased intake of such nutrient combinations has not actually been shown to improve such performance.
For 1 mo, aerobically fit, young adult women took either a combination of 3 mineral glycinate complexes (daily dose: 36 mg iron, 15 mg zinc, and 2 mg copper) + 2 CENs (daily dose: 2 g carnitine and 400 mg phosphatidylserine), or the same combination with generic mineral complexes, or placebo (n = 14/group). In Trial 1, before and after 1 mo, subjects were tested for 3 mile run time (primary outcome), followed by distance covered in 25 min on a stationary bike (secondary outcome), followed by a 90 s step test (secondary outcome). To test reproducibility of the run results, and to examine a lower dose of carnitine, a second trial was done. New subjects took either mineral glycinates + CENs (1 g carnitine) or placebo (n = 17/group); subjects were tested for pre- and post-treatment 3 mile run time (primary outcome).
In Trial 1, the mineral glycinates + CENs decreased 3 mile run time (25.6 ± 2.4 vs 26.5 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.05, paired t-test) increased stationary bike distance after 25 min (6.5 ± 0.6 vs 6.0 ± 0.8 miles, p < 0.05, paired t-test), and increased steps in the step test (43.8 ± 4.8 vs 40.3 ± 6.4 steps, p < 0.05, paired t-test). The placebo significantly affected only the biking distance, but it was less than for the glycinates-CENs treatment (0.2 ± 0.4. vs 0.5 ± 0.1 miles, p < 0.05, ANOVA + Tukey). The generic minerals + CENs only significantly affected the step test (44.1 ± 5.2 vs 41.0 ± 5.9 steps, p < 0.05, paired t-test) In Trial 2, 3 mile run time was decreased for the mineral glycinates + CENs (23.9 ± 3.1 vs 24.7 ± 2.5, p < 0.005, paired t-test), but not by the placebo. All changes for Test Formula II or III were high compared to placebo (1.9 to 4.9, Cohen's D), and high for Test Formula II vs I for running and biking (3.2 & 3.5, Cohen's D).
In summary, a combination of certain mineral complexes plus two CENs improved aerobic exercise performance in fit young adult women.
The use of nutritional supplements (NS) places athletes at great risk for inadvertent doping. Due to the paucity of data on supplement use, this study aimed to determine the proportion of Ugandan athletes using nutritional supplements and to investigate the athletes' motivation to use these supplements.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 359 professional athletes participating in individual (boxing, cycling, athletics) and team (basketball, rugby, football, netball, and volleyball) sports. The data were categorized, and a Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.
Of the 359 athletes, 48 (13.4%) used nutritional supplements. Carbohydrate supplements, energy drinks, vitamin and mineral supplements, fish oils, and protein supplements were the most common supplements used by athletes. NS use was significantly more common among athletes who played rugby and basketball (X 2 = 61.101, p < 0.0001), athletes who had played the sport for 5-10 years (X 2 = 7.460, p = 0.024), and athletes who had attained a tertiary education (X 2 = 33.377, p < 0.0001). The athletes' occupation had no bearing on whether they used supplements. Nutritionists/dieticians, retail stores and pharmacies were the most common sources of NS products, whereas health practitioners, online media and teammates were the most common sources of information regarding NS. Most athletes used NS to improve their physical performance and health.
Compared to NS use by athletes elsewhere, NS use among Ugandan athletes was low. However, determinants of athlete NS use in the current study (category of sport and duration of time spent playing the sport) are similar to those reported elsewhere.
Sirona Dental Systems is one of 87 public companies in the "Advanced Medical Equipment & Technology" industry, but how does it compare to its peers? We will compare Sirona Dental Systems to similar businesses based on the strength of its dividends, analyst recommendations, valuation, institutional ownership, earnings, risk and profitability. This is a summary of current ratings and recommmendations for Sirona Dental Systems and its peers, as reported by MarketBeat.com.
Detection of medial olivocochlear-induced (MOC) changes to transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) requires high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). TEOAEs associated with synchronized spontaneous (SS) OAEs exhibit higher SNRs than TEOAEs in the absence of SSOAEs, potentially making the former well suited for MOC assays. Although SSOAEs may complicate interpretation of MOC-induced changes to TEOAE latency, recent work suggests SSOAEs are not a problem in non-latency-dependent MOC assays. The current work examined the potential benefit of SSOAEs in TEOAE-based assays of the MOC efferents. It was hypothesized that the higher SNR afforded by SSOAEs would permit detection of smaller changes to the TEOAE upon activation of the MOC reflex. TEOAEs were measured in 24 female subjects in the presence and absence of contralateral broadband noise. Frequency bands with and without SSOAEs were identified for each subject. The prevalence of TEOAEs and statistically significant MOC effects were highest in frequency bands that also contained SSOAEs. The median TEOAE SNR in frequency bands with SSOAEs was approximately 8 dB higher than the SNR in frequency bands lacking SSOAEs. After normalizing by TEOAE amplitude, MOC-induced changes to the TEOAE were similar between frequency bands with and without SSOAEs. Smaller MOC effects were detectable across a subset of the frequency bands with SSOAEs, presumably due to a higher TEOAE SNR. These findings demonstrate that SSOAEs are advantageous in assays of the MOC reflex.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Complexity of uneven-aged forests results from the heterogeneity of their structure reflected among others by the spatial pattern of their components. Forest structure is usually modified by various processes operating at different scales and time. Structure and processes are not independent, and both are important drivers of forest dynamics. The impact of natural processes on forest structure manifested in the specific spatial pattern of trees can be quantified by point pattern analysis applied to long-term repeatedly measured stem-mapped plots. Such studies are relatively scarce in the literature although they provide better insight into the mechanisms affecting forest dynamics. Our study is focused on the spatiotemporal analysis of the structure of mixed uneven-aged Scots pine-dominated forest located at the Kampinoski National Park (Poland). Univariate analysis showed that the initial pattern of all live trees was initially random and it shifted toward more uniform with forest aging. Spatial patterns of individual tree species varied from that stated for all forest community. We observed changes in spatial pattern of Scots pine and common oak from random toward more clumped (pine) or uniform (oak) pattern. In case of black alder and common birch, the initial aggregated pattern was maintained over the examined 14-year period of the forest succession. Bivariate analysis showed that the most common interspecific association between pairs of tree species was spatial segregation (pine vs. alder, alder vs. birch and oak vs. birch) followed by spatial independence (pine vs. oak and oak vs. alder). The positive association was stated only for pine and birch and only for certain spatial scales (> 5 m). Simultaneously, at small distances they showed reciprocal repulsion. Changes in spatial relationships between tree species were negligible over 14-year period of forest succession. Our results confirmed the density-dependent mortality process in the uneven-aged Scots pine-dominated forest over 14-year period of forest development. Our study showed that spatial interactions between individuals along with species-specific ecological requirements should be incorporated into realistic models of forest development, helping to manage the forest ecosystems toward their greater structural complexity.
At the 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting, several pertinent studies in the field of breast cancer were presented and some are deemed as being potentially practice changing. BrighTNess was the first phase III study to investigate the addition of carboplatin to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer; while toxicity was increased in the experimental group, a significantly higher pathologic complete remission (pCR) rate was observed as well suggesting that adding carboplatin to neoadjuvant anthracycline, cyclophosphamide and taxane-containing regimens is efficacious in otherwise healthy patients. In metastatic breast cancer patients harbouring BRCA germ-line mutations, the PARP(poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase)-inhibitor olaparib was superior to conventional chemotherapy defining a potential novel treatment standard in this high-risk population. In the adjuvant setting, the APHINITY trial compared dual HER2-directed antibody therapy with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab to trastuzumab alone. A small benefit in favour of the combination was observed which was more pronounced in node-positive subjects. In hormone-receptor positive metastatic disease, several studies evaluating the role of CDK4/6 (cyclin-dependendent kinases 4 and 6) inhibitors were presented with data again indicating that adding CDK4/6 inhibitors to endocrine therapy results in a clinically relevant prolongation of progression-free survival.
A multitude of new molecular and immunologic insights into gastrointestinal tumors have been presented at the ASCO meeting 2017; however, we have focused our update on practice-changing phase 3 trials and tried to set them into clinical perspective. Furthermore, we will elaborate on updated data on immunotherapeutics in gastroesophageal cancers, since drug approvals may be anticipated before convening for the next meeting in 2018.
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of the kidney cancer accounting for more than 85% of the cases of which clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major histological subtype. The central molecular signature for ccRCC pathogenesis is the biallelic inactivation of VHL gene due to the presence of mutations/hyper-methylation/complete gene loss, which results in the downstream HIF activation. These events lead to increased tyrosine kinase receptor signalling pathways (RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and NF-κB pathway), which through their downstream effector proteins causes the cell to proliferate and migrate. Recent studies have shown that VHL inactivation alone is not sufficient to induce the tumor. Mutations in numerous other genes that codes for chromatin modifiers (PBRM1, SETD2 and BAP1) and signalling proteins (PTEN and mTOR) have been identified along with activation of alternate signalling pathways like STAT and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. It has also been shown that STAT pathway also works cooperatively with HIF to enhance the tumor progression. However, SHH pathway reactivation resulted in tumor regardless of the VHL status, indicating the complex nature of the tumor at the molecular level. Therefore, understanding the complete aetiology of ccRCC is important for future therapeutics.
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He helped shape the block where the Ida Rupp Public Library sits on Madison and Third streets, and he touched countless lives through his work as a well-loved local dentist, community volunteer and generous philanthropist. Hablitzel, who will turn 99 in December, attended dental school under the stressful circumstances of World War II.
Functional evaluation of swallowing in patients with tongue cancer before and after surgery using high-speed continuous magnetic resonance imaging based on T2-weighted sequences.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017 Oct 09;:
Authors: Nishimura S, Tanaka T, Oda M, Habu M, Kodama M, Yoshiga D, Osawa K, Kokuryo S, Miyamoto I, Kito S, Wakasugi-Sato N, Matsumoto-Takeda S, Joujima T, Miyamura Y, Hitomi S, Yamamoto N, Uehara M, Sasaguri M, Ono K, Yoshioka I, Tominaga K, Morimoto Y
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of evaluating the function of swallowing before and after surgery in patients with tongue cancer by using T2-weighted sequences of high-speed continuous magnetic resonance imaging (HSCMRI).
STUDY DESIGN: The imaging findings and related parameters on HSCMRI along with those on routine MRI examinations before and after surgery were examined in 19 patients with tongue cancer. In addition, changes in various parameters during 1 year after surgery were evaluated in 10 patients.
RESULTS: In most patients examined, the direction of flow to the esophagus could be seen on HSCMRI before and after surgery. Significant correlations were observed among 4 parameters and in the responses to a dysphagia questionnaire.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the dynamics of swallowing can be directly visualized on HSCMRI by using 4 parameters that permit the evaluation of changes before and after surgery, and this enables objective evaluation of patients' swallowing complaints.
PMID: 29128287 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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To investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the surface roughness (Ra), wettability, and shear bond strength of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to composite resin.
One hundred ninety eight PEEK specimens were divided into six groups (n = 33). Specimen surfaces were treated with the following surface treatment modalities: silicoating (CoJet), acetone treatment, acid etching (H2SO4), airborne particle abrasion (Al2O3), laser irradiation (Yb:PL laser), and the nontreated surface serving as the control. Surface roughness was measured with an profilometer (n = 11) and a goniometer was used to measure the surface wettability through contact angle (θ)(n = 11). PEEK surfaces were veneered with a composite resin (n = 11). The specimens were then thermocycled for 10,000 cycles at 5 to 55°C. Shear bond strengths between the PEEK and composite resin were measured with an universal test machine. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Tukey's post-hoc test was used to determine significant differences between groups (α = 0.05).
Surface roughness and wettability of PEEK surfaces along with shear bond strength of PEEK to composite resin were influenced by the surface treatments. (p < 0.01) Highest mean Ra values were obtained for PEEK surfaces treated by laser irradiation (2.85 ± 0.2 µm) followed by airborne particle abrasion (2.26 ± 0.33 µm), whereas other surface treatment modalities provided similar Ra values, with the acid-etched PEEK surfaces having the lowest mean Ra values (0.35 ± 0.14 µm). Silicoating provided the most wettable PEEK surfaces (48.04 ± 6.28º), followed by either acetone treatment (70.19 ± 4.49º) or acid treatment (76.07 ± 6.61º). Decreased wettability was observed for airborne particle abraded (84.83 ± 4.56º) and laser-treated PEEK surfaces (103.06 ± 4.88º). The highest mean shear bond strength values were observed for acid-etched PEEK surfaces (15.82 ± 4.23 MPa) followed by laser irradiated (11.46 ± 1.97 MPa), airborne particle abraded (10.81 ± 3.06 MPa), and silicoated PEEK surfaces (8.07 ± 2.54 MPa). Acetone-treated (5.98 ± 1.54 MPa) and untreated PEEK surfaces (5.09 ± 2.14 MPa) provided the lowest mean shear bond strengths.
The highest mean shear bond strengths were observed for acid-etched PEEK surfaces, followed by laser-irradiated, airborne particle abraded, and silicoated PEEK surfaces providing similar mean shear bond strengths. Since shear bond strengths higher than 10 MPa are considered acceptable, acid etching, laser irradiation, and airborne particle abrasion of PEEK surfaces may be considered viable surface treatment modalities for the PEEK material tested.
We investigated the combined effect of fluoride exposure and Vitamin D deficiency in causing bone damage as a precursor to development of Fluorotoxic Metabolic Bone Disease. Thirty-six male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups of six; 3 groups received a Vitamin D deficient diet whereas the other 3 received a Vitamin D adequate diet. Serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, Parathyroid hormone (PTH), Osteocalcin and C terminal telopeptide (CTx) were measured following exposure to varying levels of fluoride in drinking water (< 1.0, 15 and 50 ppm). Full body Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans were used to examine changes in bone morphology pre and post exposure to fluoride. Renal tubular function was assessed using serum creatinine and urine Cystatin C. Histopathological examination of sections of bone and kidney tissues were also performed. Prior to fluoride exposure, DXA scans revealed a significant decrease in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Bone Mineral content (BMC) (p < 0.05) but a significant increase in fat mass (p < 0.05) and fat percentage (p < 0.01) among Vitamin D deficient rats, with no significant change in biochemical parameters. Following exposure to fluoride, BMD was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in both groups with a corresponding increase in serum ALP, bone fluoride content, Osteocalcin, CTx and urine fluoride with increasing levels of fluoride exposure. Serum creatinine calcium and phosphate and urinary cystatin C levels showed no significant changes. Light microscopy examination revealed mild thickening and increased osteoid in 80% of the Vitamin D deficient rats exposed to high levels of fluoride but renal tubular changes were found only in one experimental and one control animal. Fluoride deposited in rat bone affects both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. Also, these effects are accentuated in the presence of Vitamin D deficiency.
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2017
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Zhengzhi Wang, Kun Wang, Wanyin Xu, Xiaoyu Gong, Feiyu Zhang
ObjectivesThe local structures and mechanical properties within tooth dentin-enamel-junction (DEJ) regions have been focused for numerous studies. The reported results, however, remain inconsistent particularly on the functional width and gradient architecture of the DEJ. The current study aims at systematically determining the mechanical gradient of the DEJ at different intratooth locations such that a clearer understanding on the tooth properties and the potential correlations with the tooth function could be obtained.MethodsWe re-examined how mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness transitioned from those of dentin to those of enamel using combined static and dynamic nanoindentation mapping techniques. A new mapping method and associated image processing procedures were developed to improve the measurement accuracy and resolution.ResultsA thin, sigmoidally-transitioned interphase layer of the DEJ was identified with an accurate functional width of 2–3μm. The DEJ width and gradient architecture were found intratooth location-dependent, with the DEJ at the occlusal sites being wider and transitioning smoother than that at the cervical sites. Such different widths and architectures of the interphase layer at sites subjected to different types and magnitudes of loadings during mastication could promote more efficient stress transferring between enamel and dentin without compromising the overall stiffness of the tooth.SignificanceThe presented study not only adds our understanding in the local mechanical properties within tooth DEJ regions, it could also further advance the development of DEJ-mimetic, functional gradient interphase for strong and ultra-durable jointing between dissimilar materials.
A Dramatic Case of Odynophagia.
Dysphagia. 2017 Nov 11;:
Authors: Sopeña B, Limeres J, García-Caballero L, Diniz-Freitas M, Seoane J, Diz P
Abstract
We report the case of a 77-year-old male with a history of aortic stenosis and interstitial lung disease, who debuted 3 years ago with an outbreak of necrotic and very painful canker sores. The severity of the lesions and their refractory response to treatment led to several hospital admissions and multiple consultations to different specialists (ENT, rheumatology, dermatology, ophthalmology, cardiology, and internal medicine). During this time, the patient received central parenteral nutrition with an episode of catheter-related septicemia, and he came to require psychiatric assistance for autolytic ideation. Numerous diagnostic tests were performed with inconclusive results, including biopsy of the lesion (histological study, immunohistochemistry for CD68 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD20 + , MCT +, and cytomegalovirus, PAS, Grocott-Gomori and Zielh-Neelsen staining, and in situ hybridization for Epstein Barr virus). Numerous treatments were unsuccessfully tested until thalidomide was administered, thus completely remitting lesions but leaving retractable scarring sequelae. Since then, the patient has had two recurrences, coinciding with the reduction of thalidomide dosages, which were controlled by increasing the dose of the immunomodulator. Recurrent necrotizing major aphthous stomatitis (Sutton's disease) is a clinical variant of recurrent aphthous stomatitis that may have a dramatic course. Unfortunately, the lack of etiopathogenetic uniformity precludes any specific treatment. In severe cases, immunomodulators, including thalidomide, may represent a valid therapeutic option.
PMID: 29128948 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in pediatric and young patients.
Eur J Pediatr. 2017 Nov 11;:
Authors: He M, Zhang B, Shen N, Wu N, Sun J
Abstract
Oral mucositis is one of the most frequent complications after chemotherapy, occurring in approximately 52 to 80% of children receiving treatment for cancer. Recently, it has been suggested that the use of low-energy laser could reduce the grade of oral mucositis and alleviate the symptoms. In 2014, Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology has recommended low-level laser therapy in prevention of mucositis for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients because of its beneficial effects in majority of recent studies. However, the recommendation was made for adult patients, not pediatric patients. Data about the effect of low-level laser therapy in pediatric patients is limited. This study aims to synthesize the available clinical evidences on the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM). A meta-analysis was performed using trials identified through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine (CBM), Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Data on occurrence, duration, and severity of oral mucositis were collected. All randomized controlled studies and clinical controlled studies comparing LLLT to routine qualified prevention or treatment during or after chemotherapy were critically appraised and analyzed. We found 8 qualified clinical trials with a total of 373 pediatric patients; the methodological quality was acceptable. After prophylactic LLLT, the odds ratio for developing OM was significantly lower compared with placebo(OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.87, P = 0.01), the odds ratio for developing grade III OM or worse was statistically significantly lower compared with placebo (OR = 0.30, 95% CI (0.10, 0.90), P = 0.03), and the OM severity was statistically significantly lower compared with placebo (SMD = - 0.56, 95% CI (- 0.98, - 0.14), P = 0.009). For therapeutic LLLT, the OM severity was significantly reduced compared to routine care (SMD = - 1.18, 95% CI (- 1.52, - 0.84), P < 0.00001). Oral pain was also reduced after LLLT over routine care (MD = - 0.73, 95% CI (- 1.36, - 0.11), P = 0.02).
CONCLUSION: Prophylactic LLLT reduces mucositis and severe mucositis and decreases the average severity of oral mucositis in pediatric and young patients with cancer. Therapeutic LLLT also reduces the average severity of oral mucositis and oral pain. Further research should investigate the optimal parameter of LLLT in pediatric and young patients, and studies with higher methodological quality should be performed. What is known: • Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was recommended by Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology; however, evidences about LLLT on oral mucositis in pediatric and young patients were insufficient and lack supportive synthesized data. • Recently, there have been several new RCTs or CCTs for pediatric patients or young adults. What is new: • Prophylactic LLLT reduces the occurrence of mucositis and severe mucositis and decreases the average severity of oral mucositis in pediatric and young patients. • Therapeutic LLLT reduces the average severity of oral mucositis and oral pain.
PMID: 29128883 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Genetic predisposition to infection in a case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Genetic predisposition to infection in a case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, Published online: 13 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0356-0
Mitochondrial DNA variations in Austronesian-speaking populations living in the New Georgia Islands, the Western Province of the Solomon Islands
Mitochondrial DNA variations in Austronesian-speaking populations living in the New Georgia Islands, the Western Province of the Solomon Islands, Published online: 13 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0372-0
To (1) quantify the three-dimensional treatment effect of a Mesialslider appliance using superimposed digital models, (2) to evaluate anchorage loss (measured by incisor displacement), and (3) to assess agreement between two different matching approaches, i.e., control point (CP)-based and iterative closest point (ICP) matching.
In a retrospective study, the effects of a skeletally anchored uni- and bilateral mesialization appliance (Mesialslider) as well as simultaneous mesialization and distalization appliance (Mesio-Distalslider) were evaluated in 48 subjects (aged 11–53 years). Pre- and posttreatment casts were digitized and superimposed with two different approaches, i.e., using ten manually selected control points located at the anterior palate and by means of an automated ICP-matching approach using a standardized palatal reference area. The treatment effects were evaluated using control points on the maxillary central incisors and maxillary molar teeth, and the methods were compared through the application of linear regression analyses and computation of alignment errors.
Average upper molar mesialization was 6.3 ± 2.6 mm. Anchorage loss, designated as the mean amount of upper incisor displacement, was less than 0.5 mm in all dimensions investigated. Using the measurement method sufficient registration was possible using both approaches and corresponding tooth movements were significantly correlated (p < 0.01).
Accurate measurements of tooth displacement can be performed using both CP- and ICP-based matching approaches. Within the limits of performing a retrospective study, a premolar width of molar mesialization appeared possible without clinically relevant anchorage loss.
ST. LOUIS: As dental health advocates work to remove barriers to dental care among underserved areas in Missouri, two new Aspen Dental practices are scheduled to open in November - making access to dental care even easier for residents in the Show-Me State. Appointments are now available at the two Aspen Dental-branded practices which are scheduled to open on Nov. 9 in Arnold and Nov. 30 in St. Louis near South County Mall.
Olfaction dysfunction is considered as a robust marker of prodromal Parkinson disease (PD). Measurement of olfaction function as a screening test is unsatisfactory due to long lead time interval and low specificity for detection of PD. Use of imaging markers might yield more accurate predictive values and provide bases for combined use of imaging and clinical markers for early PD. Diffusion MRI connectometry was conducted on 85 de novo PD patients in and 36 healthy controls to find: first, white matter tracts with significant difference in quantitative anisotropy between PD groups with various degrees of olfaction dysfunction and second, second fibers with correlation with University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score in each group using a multiple regression analysis considering age, sex, GDS and MoCA score. Local connectomes were determined in seven of all the possible comparisons, correcting for false discovery rate (FDR). PD patients with anosmia and normal olfaction had the highest number of fibers with decreased connectivity in left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral fornix, bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), bilateral cingulum, bilateral corticospinal tract (CST) and body, genu and splenium of corpus callosum (CC) (FDR = 0.0013). In multiple regression analysis, connectivity in the body, genu and splenium of CC and bilateral fornix had significant negative correlation (FDR between 0.019 and 0.083), and bilateral cingulum and MCP had significant positive correlation (FDR between 0.022 and 0.092) with UPSIT score. White matter connectivity in healthy controls could not be predicted by UPSIT score using the same model. The results of this study provide compelling evidence that microstructural degenerative changes in these areas underlie the clinical phenotype of prodromal olfaction dysfunction in PD and that diffusion parameters of these areas might be able to serve as signature markers for early detection of PD. This is the first report that confirms a discriminative role for UPSIT score in identifying PD specific changes in white matter microstructure. Our results open a window to identify microstructural signatures of prodromal PD in white matter.
Metabolic parameters like uric acid, lipids and homocysteine are influenced by immunopathological mechanisms underlying the autoimmune disease processes. The current study examined the differences in these parameters and the correlation between inflammatory and metabolic variables in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The cross-sectional prospective study included 24 treatment-naïve patients with moderate to severe diseases-15 subjects had RA and 9 had SLE. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was used to assess the cardiovascular risk of the patients. Spearman's correlation was performed to verify the relationship between inflammatory and metabolic parameters. A two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the analysis. SLE patients had higher uric acid levels, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C) and logarithmic ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol (log[TG/HDL-C]) than RA. Whereas, reduced total lymphocyte count, lipoprotein(a), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were noted in the former than latter group. Majority of the SLE patients had increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (> 0.24 AIP score) and RA patients in comparison had lower risk. Correlation among serum uric acid, lipid profile constituents and AIP was noted. The immunological process of SLE has greater impact on the metabolic parameters. Higher uric acid levels are suggestive of dysfunctional lipid profile. Understanding the implications of risk factors and its inflammatory role in autoimmune processes may assist in disease management.
