Signaling mechanisms that regulate ex vivo survival of human acute myeloid leukemia initiating cells
Signaling mechanisms that regulate ex vivo survival of human acute myeloid leukemia initiating cells, Published online: 30 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41408-017-0003-1
Signaling mechanisms that regulate ex vivo survival of human acute myeloid leukemia initiating cellsTime from US Food and Drug Administration approval to publication of data for cancer drugs: a comparison of first and subsequent approvals
Time from US Food and Drug Administration approval to publication of data for cancer drugs: a comparison of first and subsequent approvals, Published online: 30 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41408-017-0008-9
Time from US Food and Drug Administration approval to publication of data for cancer drugs: a comparison of first and subsequent approvalsWe used data from representatively sampled trees to identify key drivers of tree growth for central European tree species. Nonlinear mixed models were fitted to individual-tree basal area increments (BAI) from the Swiss national forest inventory. Data from 1983 to 2006 were used for model fitting and data from 2009 to 2013 for model evaluation. We considered 23 potential explanatory variables specifying individual-tree characteristics, site and stand conditions, management, climate, and nitrogen deposition. Model selection was processed separately for Picea abies, Abies alba, Pinus sp., Larix sp., other conifers, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus sp., Fraxinus sp./Acer sp., and other broadleaves. The selected models explained 56–70% of the BAI variance in the model fitting dataset and 21–64% in the evaluation dataset. While some variables were relevant for all species, the combination of further variables differed among the species, reflecting their physiological properties. In general, BAI was positively related to DBH and temperature and negatively related to basal area of larger trees, stand density, mean DBH of the 100 thickest trees per ha, slope, and soil pH. For most species, harvesting had a positive effect on BAI. In general, nitrogen deposition was positively related to BAI, except for spruce and fir, for which the inverse effect was found. Increasing drought reduced BAI for most species, except for pine and oak. These BAI models incorporate many influencing factors while representing large spatial extents, making them useful for both nationwide scenario analyses and deepening the understanding of the main drivers modulating tree growth throughout central Europe.
Stephen I. Hudis, DDS, FACP , was sworn in as Vice President of the American College of Prosthodontists during the 47th Annual Session of the ACP held in San Francisco, Nov. 1-4, 2017. "As a prosthodontist, my passion has always been about patient care.
Tooth eruption is characterized by a concert of mechanisms that result in the emergence of teeth in the oral cavity. Genetic variants seem to regulate this process and the formation of a gingival sulcus around the teeth. Interindividual variability in the response to microbial triggers in the sulcus plays an important role in the onset and progression of periodontal diseases. Host genetic variants can influence this variability, affecting the response of the host to the subgingival biofilm. Genetic factors affecting tooth eruption could potentially influence susceptibility to periodontal diseases and, specifically, susceptibility to localized aggressive periodontitis. This review aims to discuss the evidence available for the role of host genetic variants in tooth eruption and to and to give some directions for prospective research in this topic.
The conversion of junctional epithelium to pocket epithelium is regarded as a hallmark in the development of periodontitis. Knowledge of factors contributing to the initiation and progression of pocket formation is important and may result in the development of better preventive measures and improve healing outcomes after therapeutic interventions. The periodontal pocket is a pathologically deepened gingival sulcus. In healthy periodontal conditions, the defense mechanisms are generally sufficient to control the constant microbiological challenge through a normally functioning junctional epithelium and the concentrated powerful mass of inflammatory and immune cells and macromolecules transmigrating through this epithelium. In contrast, destruction of the structural integrity of the junctional epithelium, which includes disruption of cell-to-cell contacts and detachment from the tooth surface, consequently leading to pocket formation, disequilibrates this delicate defense system. Deepening of the pocket apically, and also horizontal expansion of the biofilm on the tooth root, puts this system to a grueling test. There is no more this powerful concentration of defense cells and macromolecules that are discharged at the sulcus bottom and that face a relatively small biofilm surface in the gingival sulcus. In a pocket situation, the defense cells and the macromolecules are directly discharged into the periodontal pocket and the majority of epithelial cells directly face the biofilm. The thinning of the epithelium and its ulceration increase the chance for invasion of microorganisms and their products into the soft connective tissue and this aggravates the situation. Depending on the severity and duration of disease, a vicious circle may develop in the pocket environment, which is difficult or impossible to break without therapeutic intervention.
The discovery of biomarkers for periodontal disease requires an in-depth understanding of the molecular basis of the initiation and progression of the disease. The gingival crevicular fluid is a biological medium suitable for identifying and measuring such biomarkers because it can be easily and noninvasively sampled from the immediate vicinity of the affected tissues. An ever-expanding pool of gingival crevicular fluid proteins associated with periodontal health or disease has been catalogued over the years, particularly with the recent implementation of proteomic technologies. 'Proteomics' refers to the large-scale study of entire arrays of proteins expressed by a genome and present in a cell, tissue, biological fluid or organism. Hence, such technologies provide a broad qualitative and quantitative insight of the proteins present in gingival crevicular fluid. Pertinent studies have amassed on the information gathered to date on protein signatures in periodontal health and disease, and have confirmed the nature of the immunological host response. This review discusses the application of proteomic technologies in characterizing the molecular networks present in gingival crevicular fluid, their potential for discovery of biomarkers that are meaningful for clinical practice, and the associated technical challenges.
The aim of this paper was to evaluate strategies for periodontal therapy from the perspective of periodontal disease being a consequence of microbial colonization of the periodontal pocket environment. In classic bacterial infections the diversity of the microbiota decreases as the disease develops. In most cases of periodontitis, however, the diversity of the flora increases. Most incriminating bacteria are thought to harm tissues significantly only if present in high numbers over prolonged periods of time. Clinical trials have repeatedly demonstrated that scaling and root planing, a procedure that aims to remove subgingival bacterial deposits by scraping on the tooth surface within the periodontal pocket, is effective. At present, for the therapy of any form of periodontal disease, there exists no protocol with proven superiority, in terms of efficiency or effectiveness, over scaling and root planing plus systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole. Some exponents advocate rationing these drugs for patients with a specific microbial profile. However, the evidence for any benefit of bacteriology-assisted clinical protocols is unsatisfactory. Treated sites are subject to recolonization with a microbiota similar to that present before therapy. The degree and speed of recolonization depends on the treatment protocol, the distribution patterns of periodontal microorganisms elsewhere in the oral cavity and the quality of the patient's oral hygiene. To limit the use of antibiotics and to avoid accumulation of harmful effects by repeated therapy, further efforts must be made to optimize procedures addressing the microbial colonization and recolonization of the periodontal pocket.
The signaling network involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is not yet fully understood. This review aims to describe possible mechanisms through which the bacterial modulators may be linked directly or indirectly to the process of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. From the late 1970s to present, new paradigm shifts have been developed regarding our understanding of pathological bone remodeling in periodontal disease. Upcoming evidence suggests that in periodontal disease the local immune response is exacerbated and involves the existence of signaling pathways that have been shown to modulate bone-cell function leading to alveolar bone loss. Those complex signaling pathways have been observed not only between bacteria but also between bacteria and the gingival surface of the host. More specifically, it has been shown that bacteria, through their secretion molecules, may interact indirectly and directly with immune-type cells of the host, resulting in the production of osteolytic agents that enhance bone resorption. Further research is required to provide a clear understanding of the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, and the availability of new technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and metagenomic analysis, may be useful tools in achieving this.
The integrity of the peri-implant soft-tissue seal is crucial for maintaining peri-implant tissue health. Whilst the transmucosal component of the restored implant shares some common features with teeth, namely the presence of a junctional epithelium and a connective tissue component, there are some important differences. A key difference is the nature of the relationship of the connective tissue with the implant surface, whereby there is 'adaptation' of collagen fibers in a parallel orientation in relation to the implant, but insertion of fiber attachment perpendicularly into cementum in the case of teeth. This, combined with reduced cellularity and vascularity in the peri-implant connective tissue, may make implants more susceptible to disease initiation and progression. Furthermore, the presence of a subgingival connection between the implant and the abutment/restoration poses some specific challenges, and maintaining the integrity of this connection is important in preserving peri-implant tissue health. Implant design features, such as the nature of the connection between the implant and the abutment, as well as the surface characteristics of the abutment and implants, may influence the maintenance of the integrity of soft tissue around implants. Iatrogenic factors, such as incorrect seating of the abutment and/or the restoration, and the presence of residual subgingival cement, will lead to loss of soft-tissue integrity and hence predispose to peri-implant disease.
Host modulation therapy refers to a treatment concept in which drug therapies are used as an adjunct to conventional periodontal treatment to ameliorate destructive aspects of the host inflammatory response. This strategy is not new in the treatment of periodontitis. Previously, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been investigated in this regard, with evidence of reductions in alveolar bone resorption when these drugs are used for prolonged periods of time. However, the risk of significant unwanted effects precludes the use of both nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as adjunctive treatments for periodontitis. Currently, the only available adjunctive host response modulator that is licensed for the treatment of periodontitis is subantimicrobial dose doxycycline, which functions as an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. Although clinical benefits have been shown in carefully conducted randomized controlled trials, the efficacy of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline in routine clinical practice has yet to be determined. Anti-cytokine therapies have been developed for use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the pathogenesis of which bears many similarities to that of periodontitis; however, the significant risk of unwanted effects (as well as cost and lack of human trials in the treatment of periodontal diseases) precludes the use of any of the currently available anti-cytokine therapies in the treatment of periodontitis. The identification of pro-resolving lipid mediators as well as small molecule biologicals that influence inflammatory responses offers the best potential, at the present time, for the development of novel host response modulators in periodontal therapy, but much research remains to be done to confirm safety and efficacy.
The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to prevent further disease progression in order to reduce the risk of tooth loss. This objective can be achieved through a number of therapeutic modalities comprising both the nonsurgical and surgical phases of periodontal therapy. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment has been shown to control periodontal infection and to arrest progression of the disease in a significant number of cases. However, despite completion of nonsurgical treatment, a number of periodontal pockets, defined as 'residual', often remain. The presence of residual pockets may jeopardize tooth survival and be a risk factor of further disease progression, and ultimately tooth loss. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the knowledge available on the indications for and the performance of periodontal surgical treatment of residual pockets in terms of 'traditional' (clinical, microbiological), patient-based and systemic health outcomes.
Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Peri-implant and periodontal pockets share a number of anatomical features but also have distinct differences. These differences make peri-implant pockets more susceptible to trauma and infection than periodontal pockets. Inadequate maintenance can lead to infections (defined as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) within peri-implant pockets. These infections are recognized as inflammatory diseases, which ultimately lead to the loss of supporting bone. Diagnostic and treatment methods conventionally used in periodontics have been adopted to assess and treat these diseases. Controlling infection includes elimination of the biofilm from the implant surface and efficient mechanical debridement. However, the prosthetic supra-structure and implant surface characteristics can complicate treatment. Evidence shows that when appropriately managed, peri-implant mucositis is reversible. Nonsurgical therapy, with or without the use of antimicrobials, will occasionally resolve peri-implantitis, but for the majority of advanced lesions this approach is insufficient and surgery is indicated. The major objective of the surgical approach is to provide access and visualize the clinical situation. Hence, a more informed decision can be made regarding whether to use a resective or a regenerative surgical technique. Evidence shows that following successful decontamination, surgical treatment to regenerate the bone can be performed, and a number of regenerative techniques have been proposed. After treatment, regular maintenance and good oral hygiene are essential for a predictable outcome and long-term stability.
Two common diseases – gingivitis and periodontitis – affect the periodontium. Symptoms of disease entities are used for distinguishing various forms of gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis follows a linear and progressive course when a healthy individual stops oral care, as shown by the experimental gingivitis model. It is not known if and when gingivitis transforms into periodontitis. A very limited number of studies present direct evidence regarding the histological changes over time and how they correlate to the clinical transition from gingivitis to periodontitis. This review focuses on the pathological changes that occur during the progression of gingivitis into periodontitis through discussing the molecular, cellular and immunohistochemical aspects of the inflammatory process. Molecular pathways regulating periodontal inflammation also determine the outcomes of disease and healing. Treatment of inflammatory diseases, particularly periodontitis in which extensive tissue damage could result from the inflammatory process, needs to target full restoration of the lost tissues. This can only be accomplished by a thorough understanding of the activation and resolution of periodontal disease and of the molecular events that occur during these phases.
Michael Putnam stands in the waiting area of his dental office at 1910 S.E. 29th, where he was attacked and robbed late Tuesday by a person who said he needed a tooth extraction. Michael Putnam heard a knock late Tuesday on the front door of his small dental office in the Highland Park area of southeast Topeka.
Dear Abby: Six months ago, I asked a close female friend to help me prepare a gift for my husband for our fifth wedding anniversary. I wanted to create a photo album of sexy nude photos of myself.
Beverage consumption in Australian children
Beverage consumption in Australian children, Published online: 30 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0021-x
Beverage consumption in Australian childrenHyponatremia in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: the importance of correcting serum sodium for total proteins. The role of the composition of parenteral nutrition in the development of hyponatremia
Hyponatremia in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: the importance of correcting serum sodium for total proteins. The role of the composition of parenteral nutrition in the development of hyponatremia, Published online: 30 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0026-5
Hyponatremia in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: the importance of correcting serum sodium for total proteins. The role of the composition of parenteral nutrition in the development of hyponatremiaTranslation encompasses the continuum from clinical efficacy to widespread adoption within the healthcare service and ultimately routine clinical practice. The Parenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (...
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" Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer " aired on Tuesday night, causing the name of the Christmas classic to trend on Twitter. As time goes on, many viewers find the tale isn't a charming story of a little reindeer so much as Santa Claus being an exploitative bully, as well as some less-than-jolly work conditions at the North Pole.
Evaluate peri-operative course and morbidity in children with Down syndrome (DS) who underwent a lingual tonsillectomy (LT) for residual obstructive sleep apnea (rOSA).
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Many maxillofacial patients have serious short, medium, or long-term problems, as well as having to make informed decisions about often life-changing interventions. Validated comprehensive information, at the right time and the right level for a diverse group of users (patients, carers, and professionals), is vital if patients are to make a serious contribution to their treatment. We describe the development of an online resource for this purpose. Maxfacts.uk aims to cover every aspect of oral and maxillofacial surgery and care, from neck dissection and ballistic wounds to physiotherapy and texture-modified foods.
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Nodular fasciitis is a relatively rare benign lesion of the soft tissue, which often presents in the fascia or deep subcutaneous tissues. It most commonly presents in the upper extremities and trunk and the head and neck region, particularly in younger patients. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood and it is predominantly thought to be a reactive lesion, although some have suggested that it may be a benign neoplasm. Advances in molecular testing and imaging have greatly assisted diagnosis. We discuss the benefits of ubiquitin-specific protease 6 (USP6) gene rearrangement testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to aid this uncommon diagnosis.
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The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual introduces "depth of invasion" and "extranodal extension" into the head and neck section, and our aim was to find out if these changes have an impact on prognosis. We evaluated 174 patients who had had oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) resected between 2003 and 2012. The clinical records were reviewed, the patients' tumours restaged according to the 8th edition of the AJCC, and we analysed five-year survival to verify whether different correlations were made between the T and N stages and disease-specific survival using the 7th and 8th editions.
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We evaluated 78 patients who had intermaxillary fixation (IMF) of fractured mandibular condyles with arch bars and wires. Depending on whether the wires were bent apically or occlusally during placement of the arch bars, we randomly divided the patients into two groups (n=39 in each), then compared pain, satisfaction with oral hygiene, and complications between the groups at five to six weeks postoperatively when the arch bars were removed. Outcomes were significantly better in the occlusal group than in the apical group.
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We designed a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of retroseptal transconjunctival approaches in the management of fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC). The patients were from a single institution, and had had three-point fixation of fractures of the ZMC between 2008 and 2016. A total of 77 patients (56 men and 21 women with a mean (range) age of 28 (18–54) years), were divided into two groups. Group I (n=51) had had reduction and fixation of the infraorbital rim using a retroseptal transconjunctival approach.
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We present an automated sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis pipeline that includes an automated artifact detection step, and we test the hypothesis that spectral power density estimates computed with this pipeline are comparable to those computed with a commercial method preceded by visual artifact detection by a sleep expert (standard approach).
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Combining multiple healthcare databases allows comparing the effects of a wide variety of healthcare services. There is a growing interest in methods for combining the results from multiple databases. We attempted to learn lessons about the performance of one-stage and two-stage approaches from the re-analysis of data drawn from two studies of pharmacoepidemiology based on multiple databases.
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Thank you to the American College, its Executive Committee, and its Awards Committee, from the bottom of my heart for this most prestigious award. I am humbled and acutely aware that many of you in the audience deserve this accolade as much as do I.
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On and off for the last few years I've listened to a small parade of speakers tell the Dallas City Council to rinse the fluoride from the city's water supply. When they first started, I found such presentations and protestations vaguely amusing.
The surgical management of benign parotid tumors is aimed at complete extirpation of the mass with preservation of facial nerve function. There is a relative paucity of literature pertaining to complications after benign parotid surgery and related risk factors. We aim to critically review the outcomes following treatment of benign parotid pathology when surgery entailed either complete superficial parotidectomy (CSP), partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP) or extracapsular dissection (ECD).
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Kapiti man Ziggy Bowes has teeth removed by Symes de Silva dentist David McKelvey as part of a free dental care week that ran around New Zealand in 2016. Almost 30,000 children had teeth removed in the year to December 2016.
Farrell Farms, Inc. of Goldsboro, NC is recalling 7 oz Dark Chocolate Almonds, 7 oz Dark Chocolate Cashews, and 7 oz Dark Chocolate Pecans, because these products may contain undeclared milk. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to milk run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products.
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Cancer database is a systemic collection and analysis of information on various human cancers at genomic and molecular level that can be utilized to understand various steps in carcinogenesis and for therapeutic advancement in cancer field. Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. The current research efforts in this field are aimed at cancer etiology and therapy. Advanced genomic technologies including microarrays, proteomics, transcrpitomics and gene sequencing development have culminated in generation of extensive data and subjection of several genes and microRNAs that are distinctively expressed and this information is stored in the form of various databases. Extensive data from various resources has brought the need for collaboration and data sharing in order to make effective use of this new knowledge. The current review provides comprehensive information of various publicly accessible databases that contain information pertinent to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and databases designed exclusively for OSCC. The databases discussed in the present paper are Protein-Coding Gene Databases and microRNA Databases. This paper also describes gene overlap in various databases, which will help researchers to reduce redundancy and focus on only those genes, which are common to more than one databases. We hope such introduction will promote awareness and facilitate the usage of these resources in the cancer research community and researchers can explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of cancer, which can help in subsequent crafting of therapeutic strategies.
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Brandi Jasmine only has a few teeth left - some molars and a handful of front teeth, chipped and stained. The pain they cause is piercing, flaring up when she eats, laughs, even when a cold breeze hits.
Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Recently, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess root canal morphology has become popular; however, few studies have examined its efficiency to assess the entire root canals, including the tiny lateral and accessory canals (LACs). This study aimed to assess the ability of CBCT to evaluate the root canal of mandibular incisors at three different scanning settings, compared with the canal staining and tooth clearing (CS) technique as the gold standard.
CBCT images of 70 extracted mandibular incisors were taken using NewTom VG CBCT at high-resolution scan mode (HZ), zoom scan mode (ZS), and full scan mode (FS), with different scanning settings. A radiologist, a postgraduate student, and an endodontist assessed the root canal morphology in a blinded manner. The number of root canals (NC), canal configuration according to Vertucci's classification (VC), and LACs were evaluated twice by each evaluator using the CBCT images, in comparison with CS. Comparisons of the differences were used the chi-square test, and the intra-evaluator and inter-evaluator agreement were used the Kappa statistics; the significance level was set at 0.05.
The voxel dimension of HZ, ZS and FS modes were 0.125 mm, 0.20 mm and 0.25 mm respectively, and the HZ mode had significant increased scanning doses. For NC, the diagnostic accuracy was >90% in all three modes, with no significant difference among the evaluators and modes. VC and LAC could only be evaluated in HZ mode. For VC, the accuracies were 97.1%, 94.3%, and 92.9% respectively, with no significant differences among the three evaluators. For LAC, the accuracies were 80.0%, 13.3%, and 33.3% respectively, and there were significant differences among the three evaluators. Intra-evaluator agreement was excellent, with the kappa values indicating "perfect" to "substantial" agreement. Inter-evaluator agreement was excellent for NC and VC; however, Kappa values could not be analyzed due to LACs detected were so variable.
As far as possible, the HZ mode should be chosen to demonstrate the root canal system, and partial LACs could be detected using this mode; however, the potential benefit of the diagnostic information must be weighed against the increased radiation dose.
The aim of this study is to develop a population-specific reference for permanent tooth emergence among 4–15 years old Czech Republic children. The reference derived from this sample population are essential for pediatric dental diagnostics, orthodontic treatment planning, as well as anthropological and forensic applications.
In this cross-sectional epidemiological survey, dental examinations of 1,370 Czech children (696 girls (50,8%) and 674 boys (49,2%), whose parents or legal guardians all signed informed consent forms) from 11 elementary schools and kindergartens were performed in the classroom. During the examination, previously emerged permanent teeth (other than third molars), the child's age and gender were recorded. A tooth is defined as having erupted when at least any part of the crown penetrates the gingiva, and is clinically seen in the oral cavity. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the median emergence age per tooth for both genders and the total sample. The data was statistically processed (using IBM SPSS Statistics 23) and carried out at a deviation level of 0.05. The statistical significance of the differences in the emergence of permanent teeth (contralateral, intermaxillary, inter-gender differences) was evaluated by the McNemar test.
No statistically significant differences were observed in the emergence times between right and left sides. In addition, mandibular teeth emerged earlier than the corresponding maxillary ones (with the exception of the first and second premolars). Permanent teeth were found to emerge sooner in girls. Furthermore, the greatest inter-gender difference was observed in maxillary canines.
The new data reported can now be used as standards when assessing permanent tooth emergence of Czech children.
Electronic apex locators (EALs) are modern devices used to determine the working length during root canal preparation. The newest endodontic motors provide an integrated EAL with auto-stop function to prevent instrumentation beyond the predefined working length during rotary root canal preparation. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the auto-stop function of the VDW.Gold RECIPROC motor (VDW, Munich, Germany), the EndoPilot motor (Schlumbohm, Brokstedt, Germany) and the manual measurement with Raypex 6 (VDW, Munich, Germany) to detect the apical constriction (AC).
Ninety human teeth were chosen and randomly assigned to three experimental groups (30 teeth each): VDW.Gold RECIPROC motor continuous measuring (RCM), EndoPilot continuous measuring (ECM) and Raypex 6 manual measuring (RMM). When the measurement file reached the AC, the file was fixed in the tooth. The tooth was embedded in acrylic resin and the root tip was exposed, so that the histologic structure of the root canal and the file tip was visible for microscopic analysis. Afterwards, the distance of the file tip to the AC (DAC) was automatically computed with a specially developed software tool.
The mean DAC were −13.18 μm (SD 88.46 μm) for RMM, −22.70 μm (SD 91.57 μm) for RCM and 18.74 μm (SD 88.11 μm) for ECM. The differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.181). The rates for instrumentation beyond the AC were not statistically different (Chi2 = 4.753, p = 0.096).
All measurement methods showed a high accuracy in detecting the AC. The auto-stop function of these endodontic motors is a reliable addition to the endodontic armamentarium.
The superiorly based facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap is pedicled on the angular artery. This flap offers a well-vascularized mucosal surface allowing closure of medium size defects, most frequently within the oral cavity and intranasal region.
We describe a superiorly based harvest of the FAMM flap, which may be used for closure of multiple head and neck surgical defects. An operative technique video is provided, which can be viewed online.
Our results demonstrate a fast and relatively straightforward harvest technique of the FAMM flap. This intraoral flap is a useful reconstructive tool, which also has the advantage to leave no visible external scars.
The superiorly pedicled FAMM flap is a versatile and effective technique that may be integrated in the algorithm for reconstruction of head and neck defects.
| | Probiotic Dairy Products, 2nd Edition The updated guide to the most current research and developments in probiotic dairy products The thoroughly revised and updated second edition of Probiotic Dairy Products reviews the recent advancements in the dairy industry and includes the latest scientific developments in regard to the 'functional' aspects of dairy and fermented milk products and their ingredients. Since the publication of the first edition of Read More... |
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Beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis NCC 2287 in a murine model of eosinophilic esophagitis.
Allergy. 2016 Dec;71(12):1753-1761
Authors: Holvoet S, Doucet-Ladevèze R, Perrot M, Barretto C, Nutten S, Blanchard C
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a severe inflammatory disease of the esophagus which is characterized histologically by an eosinophilic infiltration into the esophageal tissue. The efficacy of probiotics in the context of atopic diseases has been well investigated but, to date, there has been no study which has evaluated probiotic effects on EoE inflammation. This study sought to identify a probiotic which improves esophageal inflammation in experimental EoE.
METHODS: Two candidate probiotics, Lactococcus lactis NCC 2287 and Bifidobacterium lactis NCC 2818, were tested in a murine model of EoE elicited by epicutaneous sensitization with Aspergillus fumigatus protein extract. Administration of bacterial strains in drinking water was used, respectively, as a preventive or treatment measure, or continuously throughout the study. Inflammatory parameters were assessed in the esophagus, skin, and lungs after allergen challenge.
RESULTS: In this EoE model, supplementation with L. lactis NCC 2287 significantly decreased esophageal and bronchoalveolar eosinophilia but only when given as a therapeutic treatment. No significant effect on eosinophilia was observed when NCC 2287 was given as a preventive or a continuous intervention. NCC 2287 supplementation had no significant effect on immunoglobulin levels, skin symptom scores, or on transepidermal water loss. Supplementation with another probiotic, B. lactis NCC 2818, had no significant effect on esophageal eosinophilia.
CONCLUSION: We identified a L. lactis strain, able to attenuate esophageal eosinophilic inflammation in a preclinical model of EoE. This effect is strain specific and depends on the timing and duration of bacterial supplementation. Confirmation of these observations in human clinical trials is warranted.
PMID: 27259693 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
A lewd Long Island dentist fired his office manager after she complained about the boorish behavior that culminated in him straddling her in a chair, a new lawsuit says. Dr. Joseph Ayoub turned his South Huntington-based Dentistry By Design into a toxic environment for Brooke Lutz and her two colleagues, according to a suit filed in Suffolk County Supreme Court.
Inadequate methods may cause substantial loss not only in the quantity but also in quality of the product. This study aimed to determine the best method for making single cell suspension for isolation of RNA and flow cytometer analysis from cancer tissue. We compared two methods of tissue disruption used during RNA isolation and flow cytometer analysis. Mechanical tissue disruption method and enzymatic tissue digestion method are commonly used for making single cell suspension before RNA isolation and flow cytometer analysis. 20 resected tissue samples were dissociated into single cells by mechanical and enzymatic methods. Quality and quantity of isolated miRNA was graded by the ratio of 260/280 nm and by running gels. The results revealed that mechanical hand held tissue homogenizer showed better yield than enzymatic (719.12 ± 513.67 vs. 524.87 ± 388.18 ng/µl) and the quality 260/280 nm ratio was significantly better [2.15 ± 0.21 vs. 1.57 ± 0.23; 95% CI (0.402–0.730); p < 0.001] in mechanical method than enzymatic. However, for flow cytometer enzymatic digestion was best. The mechanical method is very suitable for isolating miRNA than enzymatic while enzymatic digestion is most favorable for flow-cytometer analysis as it reduces debris in comparison of mechanical process of shearing.
Improved outcome for AML patients over the years 2000–2014
Improved outcome for AML patients over the years 2000–2014, Published online: 29 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41408-017-0011-1
Improved outcome for AML patients over the years 2000–2014Intranasal immunization with phosphorylcholine (PC) is known to reduce immunoglobulin (Ig)E production. However, its effects on the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR) are unknown. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (PC-KLH) and to examine the effects on the occurrence of AR in a murine model of AR.
In vivo study using an animal model.
Forty-five female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups; those pretreated with intranasal administration of PC-KLH followed by intraperitoneal sensitization and nasal challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) (group A), those untreated with PC-KLH followed by sensitization and nasal challenge with OVA (group B), and those untreated with PC-KLH or OVA as controls (group C). Nasal symptoms, allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa, OVA specific IgE production, and cytokine profile were compared among those three groups. Dendritic cells (DCs) were isolated from splenic cells and PC-KLH–stimulated interleukin (IL)-12p40 production was measured.
The mice pretreated with PC-KLH showed lower allergic nasal symptoms and inflammation compared to untreated mice. The levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum, and IL-4 production by nasal and splenic CD4+ T cells were significantly reduced by PC-KLH pretreatment. Furthermore, IL-12p40 production by DCs was induced by PC-KLH in a dose-dependent manner.
Intranasal administration of PC-KLH suppressed allergic inflammation in nasal mucosa and antigen-specific IgE production by downregulating Th2-type immune response. Intranasal immunization with PC might be useful to prevent AR and upper airway bacterial infection.
NA Laryngoscope, 2017
To describe the prevalence of reported tinnitus and tinnitus handicap in the all–African American Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort, with assessment of the relationship to cardiometabolic risk and depression.
Prospective cohort study.
Audiologic data were obtained from a sample of 1,314 participants of the JHS. Reported tinnitus was assessed dichotomously (yes/no) by interview and with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). The statistical relationship of reported tinnitus and tinnitus handicap to various cardiometabolic risks (i.e., hypertension and waist circumference) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was assessed with logistic and gamma regression procedures.
Tinnitus was found to be a highly prevalent condition (29.5%), with an additionally high rate of individuals who report at least slight tinnitus handicap (35%). Hypertension (β = 1.344, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015-1.780, P = .039) and waist circumference (β = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.001-1.018, P = .021) were found to have a statistically significant relationship with THI score, depending on the level of covariate adjustment. Depression, as measured by the CES-D, was found to have a statistically significant relationship with both reported tinnitus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.051, 95% CI: 1.030-1.072, P < .001) and THI score (β = 1.029, 95% CI: 1.013-1.047, P = .001), which persisted for all levels of covariate adjustment in statistical models.
Tinnitus was found to be highly prevalent in the JHS, and certain measures of cardiometabolic risk are weakly related to both reported tinnitus and level of tinnitus handicap. A consistent relationship between depression and tinnitus/level of tinnitus handicap was observed.
2b Laryngoscope, 2017
Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements (SETTLE) is a rare and morphologically unique biphasic pediatric thyroid tumor of low malignant potential. There are less than 50 cases reported in the literature and few reported metastases. Despite the common usage of needle aspiration for thyroid and lymph node evaluation, cytologic descriptions of SETTLE are rare and tend to focus on a hypercellular biphasic appearance. We report aspirate findings of early cystic lymph node metastases in a 14-year-old girl, showing abundant matrix and low cellularity. We propose that the lack of recognition of this abundant matrix and cystic ultrasound appearance (as well as rarity of this tumor) may account for the low number of cytologic descriptions in the literature. Improved recognition may lead to increased usefulness of aspiration in the diagnosis and follow-up of SETTLE. Laryngoscope, 2017
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients commonly develop chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The impact of the most common cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation, F508del, on the severity of sinonasal disease remains inconclusive. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of CFTR genotype functional classification on sinonasal disease severity in patients with CRS.
Retrospective chart review of patients with CF who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis from 1998 to 2015. Patients were divided into high- or low-risk genotypes based on standardized CFTR gene functional classification. The primary outcome was the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score. Secondary outcomes included endoscopic scores, extent of surgery performed, presence of polyposis, number of revision surgeries, and Lund-MacKay computed tomography scores.
Thirty-eight patients harbored a high-risk CFTR genotype, and 11 had a low-risk genotype. On bivariate analysis, there was no association between CFTR genotype risk stratification and measures of preoperative disease severity or postoperative outcomes. There were no associations between genotype risk stratification and outcome variables on multivariate linear regression, adjusted for age and gender. There were significant improvements in several SNOT-22 subdomains before and after endoscopic sinus surgery (P < 0.05), but the magnitude of improvement was not significantly different on the basis of CFTR genotype risk stratification.
High-risk CFTR genotypes are not associated with worse sinonasal disease severity or postoperative symptom control than low-risk CFTR genotypes after adjusting for confounding factors.
Level IV. Laryngoscope, 2017
This study is designed to analyze the survival benefits of elective neck dissection (END) in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus (MS-SCC) with clinically negative neck lymph nodes (N0) and no metastasis (M0).
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether END improves survival in patients with MS-SCC.
This study is a population-based, concurrent retrospective database analysis of patients diagnosed with N0M0 MS-SCC from 2004 to 2013. Data were acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Frequency functions, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were queried to analyze demographics, treatment status, and survival outcomes.
There were a total of 927 MS-SCC cases in the database between 2004 and 2013. This analysis revealed that for the overall cohort, END significantly and independently reduces the 5-year hazard of death in MS-SCC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.646, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.419–0.873, P = 0.047). For early tumor (T)1/T2 tumors and T4 tumors, END did not independently improve 5-year survival. However, for T3 disease, END significantly reduced the 5-year hazard of death in MS-SCC (HR = 0.471, 95% CI = 0.261–0.680, P = 0.001), regardless of other covariates, including adjuvant radiation. There has been an increase in the percentage of MS-SCC surgeries that have been accompanied by END since SEER started collecting this data, although this did not demonstrate significance (R2 = 0.622).
END improves disease-specific survival in patients with MS-SCC size > 4 cm and advanced T-stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer AJCC TIII). Therefore, surgeons performing maxillectomies should consider conducting an END concurrent with maxillectomy for those with size > 4 cm advanced stage cancer.
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
The prevalence of unilateral hearing loss (UHL) in adults has not been well characterized. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of UHL in U.S. adults and its treatment with hearing aids using a nationally representative study.
Cross-sectional national epidemiologic study (n = 6,242).
Subjects ≥ 18 years old with audiometric testing in the 2005 to 2006, 2009 to 2010, and 2011 to 2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study were included. UHL was defined as normal hearing (≤25 decibels hearing level [dB HL] pure tone average [PTA]) in one ear and at least mild hearing loss (>25 dB HL PTA) in the other ear. Hearing aid usage was defined by at least 5 hours per week (2005–2006) or at least seldom (2009–2012) use. Sampling weights were utilized to ensure generalizability to the U.S. population.
The overall prevalence of UHL in adult Americans was 7.2% (95% confidence interval 6.1%–8.6%), with 5.7% (4.8%–6.7%) having mild and 1.5% (0.1%–2.1%) with moderate-or-worse UHL; nearly one-third of the latter reported trouble hearing. The prevalence of hearing aid usage in those with UHL was 2.0% (0.6%–6.7%). Of those with mild UHL, 1.4% (0.2%–8.0%) used hearing aids. Of those with moderate UHL, 4.2% (0.1%–22%) used hearing aids. Among those with UHL and also at least moderate subjective difficulty hearing, only 11% wore hearing aids.
UHL is common among U.S. adults. Hearing aid usage is very low, even when there is perceived handicap. Public health education is needed to increase awareness of and auditory rehabilitation for UHL.
2. Laryngoscope, 2017
The purpose of this article is to educate the reader on the current trends in the evaluation of allergic rhinitis, with a focus on inhalant allergy, in otolaryngic patients.
Recent literature emphasizes the need for a thorough history and physical examination that can lead the practitioner to a clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Looking at patient cues such as allergic shiners, the allergic salute, polypoid tissue on middle turbinate, tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy, laryngeal edema, and patients with chronic suppurative otitis media or otitis media with mucopurulent drainage may lead to further diagnostic testing. Diagnostic testing should be determined on an individual basis dependent on their particular geographic location. Negative testing does not rule out allergen sensitivity, and patients should be treated based on their symptoms.
The purpose of this paper was to review recent advances on causal agents, diagnosis and management of occupational allergic airway diseases.
Food-derived products are a major cause of occupational asthma (OA) and occupational rhinitis (OR), and flour and seafood are the most important allergen sources. In recent years, farmers, cleaners, veterinarians, swimming pool workers and waste workers have been shown as novel categories at higher risk. Molecular diagnosis may greatly improve the diagnostic workup of allergic OA and OR. The use of immunotherapy and biologics may ameliorate the treatment of allergic OA.
Occupational allergies are a burden for society and surveillance of exposed workers may identify new categories at risk. Cessation of exposure is the best treatment option for OA and OR. An accurate environmental control is needed to reduce asthma exacerbations in work-exacerbated asthma. The management of occupational allergic airway diseases should include a follow-up programme providing close collaboration between health care providers and patients, and ad hoc educational tools aimed at ameliorating patient's knowledge should be developed.
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2AiE1Pa
via IFTTT
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