COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease, Intracranial Cortical Calcifications

What is COL4A1 disease?
COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease is characterized by weakening of the blood vessels in the brain. Stroke is often the first symptom of this condition, typically occurring in mid-adulthood.

What is the COL4A1 gene?
The COL4A1 gene provides instructions for making one component of type IV collagen, which is a flexible protein important in the structure of many tissues throughout the body. Specifically, this gene makes the alpha1(IV) chain of type IV collagen.

Patients with chronic parathyroid dysfunction often have intracranial calcification in deep gray matter (GM) and subcortical white matter

What are the symptoms of brain calcification?
Muscle cramping (dystonia), uncontrollable spasmodic irregular movements (chorea), and seizures can also occur. Occasional symptoms include sensory changes, headaches and urinary incontinence. Associated symptoms include loss of contact with reality (psychosis), mood swings and loss of acquired motor skills.

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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,

How we approach the diagnosis of a vascular anomaly

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader How we approach the diagnosis of a vascular anomaly via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Vascular anomalies represent a diverse group of complex disorders that can cause significant complications, including coagulopathies, pain, and decreased function. The diagnosis of vascular anomalies is often challenging due to heterogeneity of presenting phenotypes and overlapping clinical features with other pediatric conditions. Pediatric hematologists/oncologists (PHO) are uniquely positioned for an essential role in diagnosing, managing, and coordinating the multidisciplinary care required to maximize the quality of life of these patients. Here, we review the diagnostic approach involved in patients with vascular anomalies and utilize cases to highlight the challenges involved, and how PHOs can play a vital part in the care of these patients. View on Web

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Assessment of periodontitis grade in epidemiological studies using interdental attachment loss instead of radiographic bone loss

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Assessment of periodontitis grade in epidemiological studies using interdental attachment loss instead of radiographic bone loss via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Objective Comparison of grading according to radiographic bone loss (BL) or according to interdental clinical attachment loss (CAL). Methods In 100 periodontitis patients of the Department of Periodontology of Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany periodontitis grade was assigned by i) indirect evidence using BL at the most affected tooth divided by root length and ii) CAL at the most affected tooth divided by root length of the respective tooth type according to root length in German and Swedish cohorts. Resulting quotients were divided by age. Results Patients (age: 53.5±10.4 years; 57 females; 16 smokers; no diabetes; stage 78 III, 22 IV) were by either method assigned to grade B or C (BL: 35 B, 65 C; CAL [German]: 23 B, 77 C; [Swedish]: 29 B, 71 C). Using root length (German cohort), agreement was 76% (kappa: 0.427; fair to good /moderate agreement) and 72% (Swedish cohort; kappa: 0.359; poor agreement/fair). Molars were most frequently chosen (BL: 64%; CAL: 71%). Conclusions Assignment of periodontitis grade by indirect evidence using BL or CAL using standard root length of the German cohort showed fair to good/moderate agreement. Thus, grade assignment by CAL may be used in epidemiologic studies where radiographs are not available. View on Web

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Effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI)‐Assisted Dental Monitoring Intervention in Patients with Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI)‐Assisted Dental Monitoring Intervention in Patients with Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim To evaluate the effects of an at-home AI-assisted dental monitoring application on treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis. Materials and methods Participants with periodontitis were recruited and randomly assigned into an AI (AI; n = 16), AI and human counseling (AIHC; n = 17), or control (CG; n = 20) group. All participants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment. We employed an AI-assisted tool called DENTAL MONITORING® (DM) intervention, a new technological AI monitoring product that utilizes smartphone cameras for intraoral scanning and assessment. Patients in the AI and AIHC groups respectively received additional (a) DM or (b) DM with real-person counseling over three months. Periodontal parameters were collected at baseline and follow-ups. A mixed-design model analyzed the follow-up effects over time. Results The AI and AIHC groups respectively exhibited greater improvement in probing pocket depth [Mean diff = −0.9±0.4 and −1.4±0.3, effect size (ES) = 0.76 and 1.98], clinical attachment level (Mean diff = −0.8±0.3 and −1.4±0.3, ES = 0.84 and 1.77) and plaque index (Mean diff = −0.5±0.2 and −0.7±0.2, ES = 0.93 and 1.81) at 3-month follow-up than the CG did. The AIHC group had a greater reduction in probing pocket depth (ES = 0.46) and clinical attachment level (ES = 0.64) at the 3-month follow-up compared with the AI group. Conclusion Using AI monitoring at home had a positive effect on treatment outcomes for patients with periodontitis. Patients with AI-assisted health counseling exhibited better treatment outcomes than did patients who used AI monitoring alone. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Long non‐coding RNA SNHG5 mediates periodontal inflammation through the NF‐κB signaling pathway

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Long non‐coding RNA SNHG5 mediates periodontal inflammation through the NF‐κB signaling pathway via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim We investigated the role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5), in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Materials and methods A ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model was established, and gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls were collected. Inflammatory cytokines were detected using qRT-PCR and western blotting analyses. Direct interactions between SNHG5 and p65 were detected by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Micro-computed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to measure periodontal bone loss. Results SNHG5 expression was downregulated in human and mouse periodontal tissues compared to that in the healthy controls. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SNHG5 significantly ameliorated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced inflammation. Mechanistically, SNHG5 directly binds to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit and inhibits its translocation, thereby suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway activation and reducing the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome expression. Locally injecting si-SNHG5 aggravated the periodontal destruction. Conclusion This study revealed that SNHG5 mediates periodontal inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Lingual Frenectomy Criteria

The term free-tongue is defined as the length of tongue from the insertion of the lingual frenum into the base of the tongue to the tip of the tongue. Clinically acceptable, normal range of free tongue is greater than 16 mm. 

The ankyloglossia can be classified into 4 classes based on Kotlow's assessment as follows; 

Class I: Mild ankyloglossia: 12 to 16 mm, 

Class II: Moderate ankyloglossia: 8 to 11 mm, 

Class III: Severe ankyloglossia: 3 to 7 mm, 

Class IV: Complete ankyloglossia: Less than 3 mm.2 

Class III and IV tongue-tie category should be given special consideration because they severely restrict the tongue's movement. A normal range of motion of the tongue is indicated by the following criteria: The tip of the tongue should be able to protrude outside the mouth; without clefting, the tip of the tongue should be able to sweep the upper and lower lips easily; without straining, when the tongue is retruded, it should not blanch the tissues lingual to the anterior teeth; and the lingual frenum should not create a diastema between the mandibular central incisors.

Ankyloglossia was also found associated in cases with some rare syndromes such as X-linked cleft palate syndrome, Kindler syndrome, van der Woude syndrome, and Opitz syndrome.Nevertheless, most ankyloglossias are observed in persons without any other congenital anomalies or diseases.

The difficulties in articulation are evident for consonants and sounds like "s, z, t, d, l, j, zh, ch, th, dg" and it is especially difficult to roll an "r".

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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,

Effect of three different remineralizing agents on artificial erosive lesions of primary teeth

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of three different remineralizing agents on artificial erosive lesions of primary teeth via Australian Dental Journal ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three remineralizing agents on dental erosion in primary teeth. Methods Forty primary molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): self-assembling peptide (P11-4), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP), sodium fluoride (NaF), and artificial saliva (AS; control). The erosion-like formation was created by immersing the samples in citric acid (4 × 2 min, pH 2.3) and AS (4 × 2 h, pH 7). The eroded samples were then treated with remineralizing agents and subjected to further erosion consisting of 15 cycles (3x/8-h interval) of immersion in citric acid and AS for 6 s each. Alterations in the mineral content and morphology of the samples were quantified using a microhardness tester and atomic force microscope. Results All agents had a significant remineralization effect on eroded primary tooth enamel. After further erosive challenge, enamel loss in the CPP-ACFP group was found to be significantly lower than in all other groups, and no significant difference was found between the P11-4 and NaF groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that all tested materials had remineralization ability, and CPP-ACFP had a superior effect in inhibiting enamel loss due to dental erosion in primary teeth. © 2022 Australian Dental Association. View on Web

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Effectiveness of Tongue‐tie Assessment Tools in Diagnosing and Fulfilling Lingual Frenectomy Criteria: A Systematic Review

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effectiveness of Tongue‐tie Assessment Tools in Diagnosing and Fulfilling Lingual Frenectomy Criteria: A Systematic Review via Australian Dental Journal ABSTRACT It is unclear how effective tongue-tie classification assessment tools are in diagnosing symptomatic tongue-tie and fulfilling lingual frenectomy criteria. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine and evaluate any association between tongue-tie severity, as measured by pre-treatment assessment tools, and post-operative outcome following tongue-tie division. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane search engines were used to retrieve articles published between 1947 and 2021. Included studies consisted of patients with symptomatic tongue-tie, assessment by either the Coryllos, Kotlow, or Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function (HATLFF) classification tool, and tongue-tie division. A total of 205 abstracts were identified; 31 studies met the criteria for a full-text review, of which, only 14 studies met the criteria for data extraction and analysis. Six studies used the HATLFF, 2 studies used the Kotlow, 5 studies used the Coryllos, and 1 study used a combinati on of both Kotlow and Coryllos methods. Significant heterogeneity was evident across all studies. No statistical correlation between the two variables could be determined. Although tongue-tie division procedures appear to provide benefits in breastfeeding and speech, there are no data to suggest a statistically significant association between the severity of tongue-tie, and the correct identification of patients who would benefit from tongue-tie division. © 2022 Australian Dental Association. View on Web

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Intraosseous Ameloblastic Fibro-dentinoma an aggressive demeanor in a two-year-old

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Intraosseous Ameloblastic Fibro-dentinoma an aggressive demeanor in a two-year-old via ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology Publication date: Available online 18 June 2022 Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology Author(s): Pushkar Waknis, Supriya Kheur, Madhura Shekatkar, Kripa Gupta, Luke Kale, Mamatha Reddy View on Web

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African American race as a risk factor associated with a second primary lung cancer after initial primary head and neck cancer

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader African American race as a risk factor associated with a second primary lung cancer after initial primary head and neck cancer via Head & Neck Abstract Background Initial primary head and neck cancer (IPHNC) is associated with second primary lung cancer (SPLC). We studied this association in a population with a high proportion of African American (AA) patients. Methods Patients with IPHNC and SPLC treated between 2000 and 2017 were reviewed for demographic, disease, and treatment-related characteristics and compared to age-and-stage-matched controls without SPLC. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to analyze the relationship of these characteristics with the development of SPLC and overall survival (OS). Results Eighty-seven patients and controls were compared respectively. AA race was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing SPLC (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.35–6.66). After correcting for immortal time bias, patients with SPLC had a significantly lower OS when compared with controls (HR 0.248, 95% CI 0.170–0.362). Conclusions We show that AA race is associated with an increased risk of SPLC after IPHNC; reasons of this increased risk warrant further investigation. View on Web

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Effect of new biological patch in repairing intrauterine adhesion and improving clinical pregnancy outcome in infertile women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of new biological patch in repairing intrauterine adhesion and improving clinical pregnancy outcome in infertile women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial via Trials - Latest Articles Endometrial fibrosis caused by intrauterine adhesion (IUA) can lead to hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and even infertility and abortion. The postoperative recurrence rate of severe IUA remains high, giving rise to... View on Web

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Merits of the free periosteal femoral condyle flap in the management of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Merits of the free periosteal femoral condyle flap in the management of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis via International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery via MedWorm.com The management of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is poorly codified and requires repeated time-consuming, morbid surgical procedures. The free periosteal medial femoral condyle flap could be used for the management of extensive mandibular ORN with fracture, to avoid non-conservative surgery such as mandibulectomy. The purpose of this study was to report the authors ' experience using periosteal flaps for advanced ORN and to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of these flaps in this context. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) View on Web

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