The orthodontics industry has paid great attention to the aesthetics of orthodontic appliances, seeking to make them as invisible as possible. There are several advantages to clear aligner systems, including a...
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Κυριακή 10 Σεπτεμβρίου 2017
Comparative SEM analysis of nine F22 aligner cleaning strategies
Collagen Membrane Over Buccal Fat Pad Versus Buccal Fat Pad in Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Comparative Prospective Study
Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of collagen membrane as biological dressing over buccal fat pad (BFP) during crucial postoperative healing phase in the surgical management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).
Study Design
The study comprised of 40 patients of OSMF of group IVa (Khanna and Andrade). Patients were randomly divided in two groups (20 patients in each group). Group I patients were treated using buccal fat pad only, whereas collagen membrane was used as a covering over harvested BFP in group II patients. Postoperative follow-up was done at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 months and 1 year.
Result
Mean postoperative mouth opening achieved in both the groups was comparable at every follow-up visit. Infection was evident in four patients of group I at 1-week follow-up, whereas none of the group II patients developed infection. Pain score was lesser in group II patients as compared to group I. Relapse was seen in two patients in group I and one patient in group II. Time taken for epithelialization was 2–3 weeks in both the groups.
Conclusion
Although intraoperative time was increased in group II application of collagen membrane reduced infection when compared with group I. Also, the chances of damage to BFP are reduced during the hygiene maintenance at surgical site and jaw-opening exercise. Reduction in pain scores during postoperative period in group II patients was an additional advantage.
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Collagen Membrane Over Buccal Fat Pad Versus Buccal Fat Pad in Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Comparative Prospective Study
Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of collagen membrane as biological dressing over buccal fat pad (BFP) during crucial postoperative healing phase in the surgical management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).
Study Design
The study comprised of 40 patients of OSMF of group IVa (Khanna and Andrade). Patients were randomly divided in two groups (20 patients in each group). Group I patients were treated using buccal fat pad only, whereas collagen membrane was used as a covering over harvested BFP in group II patients. Postoperative follow-up was done at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 months and 1 year.
Result
Mean postoperative mouth opening achieved in both the groups was comparable at every follow-up visit. Infection was evident in four patients of group I at 1-week follow-up, whereas none of the group II patients developed infection. Pain score was lesser in group II patients as compared to group I. Relapse was seen in two patients in group I and one patient in group II. Time taken for epithelialization was 2–3 weeks in both the groups.
Conclusion
Although intraoperative time was increased in group II application of collagen membrane reduced infection when compared with group I. Also, the chances of damage to BFP are reduced during the hygiene maintenance at surgical site and jaw-opening exercise. Reduction in pain scores during postoperative period in group II patients was an additional advantage.
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University of Maryland, Catholic Charities offer free dental service in College Park
Dentists treated nearly 850 people at a free Mission of Mercy clinic at XFINITY Center in College Park. The clinic was put on by Catholic Charities and the University of Maryland School of Public Health's Center for Health Equity.
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ESMO 2017: Combination targeted adjuvant therapy doubles relapse-free survival in stage III melanoma
Combination targeted adjuvant therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib doubles relapse-free survival in patients with stage III BRAF-mutant melanoma, according to late-breaking results from the COMBI-AD trial presented today at the ESMO 2017 Congress in...
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ESMO 2017: KEYNOTE-040 evaluates pembrolizumab in head and neck cancer
Immunotherapy with the checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab may be a better option than standard treatments for patients whose head and neck cancer has spread, or recurred after an initial round of chemotherapy, according to results of the Keynote-040 trial...
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ESMO 2017: Adjuvant nivolumab superior to ipilimumab in surgically resected stage III/IV melanoma
Adjuvant nivolumab is superior to standard of care ipilimumab in patients with surgically resected stage III/IV melanoma who are at high risk of relapse, according to late-breaking results from the CheckMate 238 trial presented today at the ESMO 2017...
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ESMO 2017: Updated results of the SCOT study
An international phase III randomised (1:1) non-inferiority trial comparing 3 versus 6 months of oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Results presented at ASCO 2017 gave conflicting results as to whether 3 months adjuvant...
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Impacted canines: localisation with conventional or cone beam radiographs?
This review comparing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and conventional radiography (CR) for localising impacted canines included 8 mainly cross-sectional studies and suggests that CBCT is more accurate. However the quality of the studies is low and further research is needed.
The post Impacted canines: localisation with conventional or cone beam radiographs? appeared first on National Elf Service.
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Leaching variations of heavy metals in chelator-assisted phytoextraction by Zea mays L. exposed to acid rainfall
Abstract
Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction method has been put forward as an effective soil remediation method, whereas the heavy metal leaching could not be ignored. In this study, a cropping-leaching experiment, using soil columns, was applied to study the metal leaching variations during assisted phytoextraction of Cd- and Pb-polluted soils, using seedlings of Zea mays, applying three different chelators (EDTA, EDDS, and rhamnolipid), and artificial rainfall (acid rainfall or normal rainfall). It showed that artificial rainfall, especially artificial acid rain, after chelator application led to the increase of heavy metals in the leaching solution. EDTA increased both Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaching solution, obviously, whereas EDDS and rhamnolipid increased Cd concentration but not Pb. The amount of Cd and Pb decreased as the leaching solution increased, the patterns as well matched LRMs (linear regression models), with R-square (R 2) higher than 90 and 82% for Cd and Pb, respectively. The maximum cumulative Cd and Pb in the leaching solutions were 18.44 and 16.68%, respectively, which was amended by EDTA and acid rainwater (pH 4.5), and followed by EDDS (pH 4.5), EDDS (pH 6.5), rhamnolipid (0.5 g kg−1 soil, pH 4.5), and rhamnolipid (pH 6.5).
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Acne Scars: How Do We Grade Them?
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can lead to permanent scarring. Although grading scales exist for acne scarring, there are many limitations, and there is still a need for a well validated gold standard scale for use in clinical practice or research trials. An objective measure of scar severity should be a component of global acne severity evaluations. This manuscript reviews currently available acne scar grading modalities: lesion counting; subjective self-assessment; Acne Scar Rating Scale (ASRS); evaluator-based qualitative and quantitative scarring grading systems; Echelle d'Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d'acne (ECCA); Global Scale for Acne Scar Severity (SCAR-S); and imaging. Despite the varying tools, most of the currently available scales do not account for scar color, depth, or change over time. A new, validated scale is needed that would allow for a more objective and accurate assessment of scar progression over time to assist with effective treatment and research.
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Doctors should buckle up for health reforms: Barrette [News]
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The quadruple burden of sepsis [Commentary]
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Sepsis, one of CMAJs four new areas of focus [Editorial]
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Duration of antiresorptive activity of zoledronate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized, controlled multidose trial [Research]
BACKGROUND:
Intravenous zoledronate 5 mg annually reduces fracture risk, and 5 mg every 2 years prevents bone loss, but the optimal dosing regimens for these indications are uncertain.
METHODS:We conducted a 3-year open-label extension of a 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Late postmenopausal women with osteopenia were assigned to receive a single baseline dose of 1 mg, 2.5 mg or 5 mg of zoledronate or placebo. The primary outcome was change in spine bone mineral density (BMD). Secondary outcomes were changes in hip BMD and serum markers of bone turnover.
RESULTS:The study involved 160 women. Zoledronate increased BMD and reduced markers of bone turnover in a dose-dependent manner. After 2 years, the 1-mg, 2.5-mg and 5-mg zoledronate doses increased spine BMD over placebo by 5.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0% to 7.0%), 5.7% (95% CI 3.7% to 7.7%) and 5.7% (95% CI 3.7% to 7.6%), respectively; after 5 years, the respective increases were 2.0% (95% CI –1.1% to 5.0%), 2.2% (95% CI –1.0% to 5.4%) and 5.1% (95% CI 2.2% to 8.1%). After 2 years, the 1-mg, 2.5-mg and 5-mg zoledronate doses increased total hip BMD over placebo by 2.6% (95% CI 1.3% to 3.9%), 4.1% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.4%) and 4.7% (95% CI 3.4% to 5.9%), respectively; after 5 years, the respective increases were 1.8% (95% CI –0.1% to 3.8%), 2.8% (95% CI 0.8% to 4.8%) and 5.4% (95% CI 3.5% to 7.3%). BMD remained above baseline values for 2–3 years in the 1-mg group, 3–4 years in the 2.5-mg group and at least 5 years in the 5-mg group.
INTERPRETATION:The antiresorptive activity of single zoledronate doses of 1–5 mg persist for at least 3 years in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Clinical trials would be justified to evaluate the effects on fracture risk of less frequent or lower doses of zoledronate than are currently recommended.
Trial registration:www.anzctr.org.au, no. ACTRN12607000576426
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Health leaders must share the reins of reform: outgoing CMA pres [News]
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Recommendations on screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in primary care [Guideline]
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Physicians debate tax reforms at CMA annual meeting [News]
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Superimposed lateralized exanthem in a 30-year-old woman [Practice]
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Lively debate on disability insurance for medical students at CMA meeting [News]
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Physicians and regionalization in Canada: past, present and future [Humanities]
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Physicians support assisted death for mature minors, but not mental illness [News]
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Canadian hepatitis C virus screening guideline: a disconnect between evidence and recommendations [Letters]
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Doctors and health funding must focus on most vulnerable: Philpott [News]
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Extrapolation warning [Letters]
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Doctors dissect medicines bullying problem [News]
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How physicians can "flex their advocacy muscles" [News]
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Focus on patients, the rest will follow, says new CMA pres [News]
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CMA votes for review of medical liability system [News]
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Healthier doctors means healthier patients: CMA president-elect [News]
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Anophthalmia
Anophthalmia: Absence of the eye, as a result of a congenital malformation (birth defect) of the globe.
Anophthalmia refers, strictly speaking, to absence of the globe and ocular tissue from the orbit. However, in most cases of anophthalmia, CT scans show some remnants of the globe, indicating they represent severe microphthalmia (small eyes).
Anophthalmia/microphthalmia may involve one or both eyes. It may occur in isolation with no associated malformations or it may be part of a multiple congenital malformation syndrome as, for example, the congenital rubella syndrome, the triploidy syndrome (due to the presence of 69 chromosomes), the trisomy 13 syndrome (Patau syndrome, due to an extra chromosome 13), and the Wolf-Hirschorn syndrome (which is due to deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 4).
From the Greek an-, absence + ophthalmos, eye + absence of the eye.
MedTerms (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of MedicineNet.com.
We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 1941: The ABCC6 Transporter: A New Player in Biomineralization
IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 1941: The ABCC6 Transporter: A New Player in Biomineralization
International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18091941
Authors: Guillaume Favre Audrey Laurain Tamas Aranyi Flora Szeri Krisztina Fulop Olivier Le Saux Christophe Duranton Gilles Kauffenstein Ludovic Martin Georges Lefthériotis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited metabolic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene. Since the first description of the disease in 1896, alleging a disease involving the elastic fibers, the concept evolved with the further discoveries of the pivotal role of ectopic mineralization that is preponderant in the elastin-rich tissues of the skin, eyes and blood vessel walls. After discovery of the causative gene of the disease in 2000, the function of the ABCC6 protein remains elusive. More than 300 mutations have been now reported and the concept of a dermal disease has progressively evolved toward a metabolic disorder resulting from the remote effects caused by lack of a circulating anti-mineralization factor. Very recently, evidence has accumulated that this anti-mineralizing factor is inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). This leads to decreased PPi/Pi (inorganic phosphate) ratio that results from the lack of extracellular ATP release by hepatocytes and probably renal cells harboring the mutant ABCC6 protein. However, the mechanism by which ABCC6 dysfunction causes diminished ATP release remains an enigma. Studies of other ABC transporters, such as ABCC7 or ABCC1 could help our understanding of what ABCC6 exact function is. Data and a hypothesis on the possible roles of ABCC6 in acquired metabolic diseases are also discussed.
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Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric diseases in 2017
Abstract
The huge variety of extragastric diseases linked to Helicobacter pylori infection is widely known, and new studies are conducted every year on this topic. Neurological disorders and metabolic syndrome are some of the main issues debated in the most recent literature. Articles on the association of H. pylori with skin diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, immunologic impairment, kidney dysfunction, allergic asthma, and respiratory diseases have been published as well. In this perspective, eradication therapy for this infection could become a mandatory measure in prevention strategy.
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Genomics of Helicobacter pylori
Abstract
As Helicobacter pylori infects half the world's population and displays an extensive intraspecies diversity, genomics is a powerful tool to understand evolution and disease, to identify factors that confer higher risk of severe sequelae, and to find new approaches for therapy both among bacterial and host targets. In line with these objectives, this review article summarizes the major findings in Helicobacter genomics in papers published between April 2016 and March 2017.
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Gastric cancer: Basic aspects
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most incident and deadliest malignancies in the world. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the end point of a long and multistep process, which results from the stepwise accumulation of numerous (epi)genetic alterations, leading to dysregulation of oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways. Gastric cancer stem cells have emerged as fundamental players in cancer development and as contributors to gastric cancer heterogeneity. For this special issue, we will report last year's update on the gastric cancer molecular classification, and in particular address the gastric cancer groups who could benefit from immune checkpoint therapy. We will also review the latest advances on gastric cancer stem cells, their properties as gastric cancer markers and therapeutic targets, and associated signaling pathways. The understanding of the molecular basis underlying gastric cancer heterogeneity and of the role played by gastric cancer stem cells in cancer development and heterogeneity is of major significance, not only for identifying novel targets for cancer prevention and treatment, but also for clinical management and patient stratification for targeted therapies.
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Other Helicobacters, gastric and gut microbiota
Abstract
The current article is a review of the most important and relevant literature published in 2016 and early 2017 on non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter infections in humans and animals, as well as interactions between H. pylori and the microbiota of the stomach and other organs. Some putative new Helicobacter species were identified in sea otters, wild boars, dogs, and mice. Many cases of Helicobacter fennelliae and Helicobacter cinaedi infection have been reported in humans, mostly in immunocompromised patients. Mouse models have been used frequently as a model to investigate human Helicobacter infection, although some studies have investigated the pathogenesis of Helicobacters in their natural host, as was the case for Helicobacter suis infection in pigs. Our understanding of both the gastric and gut microbiome has made progress and, in addition, interactions between H. pylori and the microbiome were demonstrated to go beyond the stomach. Some new approaches of preventing Helicobacter infection or its related pathologies were investigated and, in this respect, the probiotic properties of Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. were confirmed.
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Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Abstract
Important progress is being made in endoscopic methods which allow clinicians to predict the presence of Helicobacter pylori based on characteristics of gastric mucosa and to obtain targeted biopsies. There are also important developments in molecular methods with various techniques derived from standard PCR, applied both on gastric biopsies and stool specimens. Progress is being made in microfluidic systems to get a reliable diagnosis in a very short time. The interest of the 13C urea breath test has been confirmed as well as stool antigen tests. Attempts are being made to find biological markers of premalignant conditions by serology, other than pepsinogens.
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Helicobacter: Inflammation, immunology and vaccines
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is usually acquired in early childhood and the infection persists lifelong without causing symptoms. In a small of cases, the infection leads to gastric or duodenal ulcer disease, or gastric cancer. Why disease occurs in these individuals remains unclear, however the host response is known to play a very important part. Understanding the mechanisms involved in maintaining control over the immune and inflammatory response is therefore extremely important. Vaccines against H. pylori have remained elusive but are desperately needed for the prevention of gastric carcinogenesis. This review focuses on research findings which may prove useful in the development of prognostic tests for gastric cancer development, therapeutic agents to control immunopathology, and effective vaccines.
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Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is responsible for the most commonly found infection in the world's population. It is the major risk factor for gastric cancer development. Numerous studies published over the last year provide new insights into the strategies employed by H. pylori to adapt to the extreme acidic conditions of the gastric environment, to establish persistent infection and to deregulate host functions, leading to gastric pathogenesis and cancer. In this review, we report recent data on the mechanisms involved in chemotaxis, on the essential role of nickel in acid resistance and gastric colonization, on the importance of adhesins and Hop proteins and on the role of CagPAI-components and CagA. Among the host functions, a special focus has been made on the escape from immune response, the ability of bacteria to induce genetic instability and modulate telomeres, the mechanism of autophagy and the deregulation of micro RNAs.
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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection 2017
Abstract
This review summarizes important studies regarding Helicobacter pylori therapy published from April 2016 to April 2017. The main themes that emerge involve studies assessing the efficacy of bismuth and nonbismuth quadruple regimens. While in recent years, much of the emphasis on the use of bismuth has focussed on its utility in a second-line setting, an increasing number of studies this year have shown excellent efficacy in first-line therapy. The efficacy of bismuth as a second-line after sequential and concomitant therapy was particularly noteworthy. Antibiotic resistance was more intensely studied this year than for a long time, and definite trends are presented regarding an increase in resistance, including the fact that clarithromycin resistance in particular is now at a level where the continued use of clarithromycin triple therapy first-line as a mainstream treatment is not recommended. Another exciting trend to emerge this year is the utility of vonoprazan as an alternative to PPI therapy, especially in resistant and difficult-to-treat groups.
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Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection
Abstract
The study of Helicobacter pylori genetic variability brought us interesting data on the history of mankind. Based on multilocus sequence typing and more recently on whole-genome sequencing, paleomicrobiology still attracts the attention of global researchers in relation to its ancestor roots and coexistence with humans. Three studies determining the prevalence of virulence factors illustrates the controversial results obtained since 30 years by studies trying to associate prevalence of different virulence markers and clinical outcomes of H. pylori infection. Three articles analyzed the prevalence and risk of multiple (genetically distinct isolates) and mixed (susceptible and resistant isolates) infections. A number of studies confirm that H. pylori prevalence is falling worldwide especially in the developed world and in children but that the level of infection is higher in certain ethnic minorities and in Migrants. There is little new in identifying the mode of H. pylori transmission though intrafamilial spread appears to be important. There have, however, been some interesting papers on the presence of the organism in food, water, and the oral cavity.
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Helicobacter pylori, gastric cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies
Abstract
In a retrospective study performed in California, U.S.A., ca. 3% of patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) developed gastric cancer (GC) within a median time period of 4.6 years after diagnosis of GIM. This observation stresses the importance of targeted surveillance even in regions with a low GC prevalence. Patients with alcoholic liver disease as well as survivors of colorectal and lobular breast cancer were found to be at increased risk of secondary GC. A population-based Chinese study confirmed "serologic biopsy" as a useful screening tool for stratifying the individual risk of developing GC. Concerning GC therapy, a post hoc analysis of the MAGIC trial reported that regression of lymph node metastases, but not the tumor regression itself, predicts overall survival. Furthermore, in patients with high microsatellite instable tumors, perioperative chemotherapy leads to an increased risk of mortality. Two studies confirmed that eradication therapy is worthwhile as an initial treatment for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma irrespective of the H. pylori infection status and stage. An increased risk of a second primary malignancy including GC was observed in these patients treated with immuno/chemotherapy but not in patients treated solely with an H. pylori eradication treatment. With respect to gastrointestinal malignancies other than GC, discrepant data have been published regarding the association of H. pylori with pancreatic cancer whereas no association has been reported with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The majority of published studies still support an association of H. pylori with colon neoplasms.
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Helicobacter pylori infection in children
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection in children differs from that in adults, from the point of view of epidemiology, host response, clinical features, related diseases, and diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies.
The prevalence of H. pylori infection, in both children and adults, is decreasing in the Western World as well as in some developing countries, which contrasts with the increase in childhood asthma and allergic diseases. Recurrent abdominal pain is not specific during H. pylori infection in children. The role of H. pylori infection and failure to thrive, children's growth, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease remains controversial.
The main initial diagnosis is based on upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy-based methods. Nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. The infection eradication control is based on validated noninvasive tests.
The main cause of treatment failure of H. pylori infection is its clarithromycin resistance. We recommend standard antibiotic susceptibility testing of H. pylori in pediatric patients prior to the initiation of eradication therapy. H. pylori treatment in children should be based on an evaluation of the rate of eradication in the local population, a systematic use of a treatment adapted to the susceptibility profile and a treatment compliance greater than 90%. The last meta-analysis in children did not show an advantage for sequential therapy when compared to a 14-day triple therapy.
Finally, the high rate of antibiotic resistance responsible for therapy failure in recent years justifies the necessity of a novel vaccine to prevent H. pylori infection in children.
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Helicobacter pylori infection and nonmalignant diseases
Abstract
A substantial decrease in Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease has been observed during the last decades. Drug-related ulcers as well as idiopathic ulcers are becoming predominant and are more refractory to treatment; however, H. pylori infection still plays an important role in ulcer bleeding and recurrence after therapy. The effect of H. pylori eradication upon functional dyspepsia symptoms has been reviewed in this article and generally confirms the results of previous meta-analyses. Additional evidence suggests a lack of impact upon the quality of life, in spite of improvement in symptoms. The association of H. pylori with gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus remains controversial with a majority of published studies showing a negative association. Furthermore, a strong inverse relationship between the presence of H. pylori and the esophageal eosinophilia was also reported. Several studies and a review addressed the role of H. pylori in autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia. The association of the above still remains controversial. Finally, the necessity of routine endoscopy and H. pylori eradication before bariatric surgery is discussed. Several studies suggest the rationale of preoperative upper endoscopy and H. pylori eradication prior to surgery. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infection prior to surgery in these studies generally reflects the overall prevalence of the infection in the particular geographic area. In addition, results on the role of H. pylori in developing postoperative complications remain controversial.
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Intralesional excision combined with intralesional cryosurgery for the treatment of oversized and therapy-resistant keloids of the neck and ears
Abstract
This prospective case study presents a new method for the treatment of oversized and therapy-resistant keloids of the neck and ears employing intralesional excision combined with intralesional cryosurgery. The keloids were excised in an intralesional approach, and the remaining base and lateral margins of the scar tissue were frozen using intralesional cryoneedles. After complete thawing of the frozen tissues, the margins of the scar were approximated and sutured. The follow-up period extended over 18–24 months. Over a period of 12 months, the scars gradually flattened with no hypopigmentation. No signs of recurrence of the keloids were seen. Intralesional excision of oversized and therapy-resistant keloids combined with intralesional cryosurgery could well be an additional tool to the plastic surgical armamentarium, for treating this group of patients.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
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A disease-associated mutation in the adhesion GPCR BAI2 (ADGRB2) increases receptor signaling activity
Abstract
Mutations in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that increase constitutive signaling activity can cause human disease. A de novo C-terminal mutation (R1465W) in the adhesion GPCR BAI2 (also known as ADGRB2) was identified in a patient suffering from progressive spastic paraparesis and other neurological symptoms. In vitro studies revealed that this mutation strongly increases the constitutive signaling activity of an N-terminally cleaved form of BAI2, which represents the activated form of the receptor. Further studies dissecting the mechanism(s) underling this effect revealed that wild-type BAI2 primarily couples to Gαz, with the R1465W mutation conferring increased coupling to Gαi. The R1465W mutation also increases the total and surface expression of BAI2. The mutation has no effect on receptor binding to β-arrestins, but does perturb binding to the endocytic protein endophilin A1, identified here as a novel interacting partner for BAI2. These studies provide new insights into the signaling capabilities of the adhesion GPCR BAI2/ADGRB2 and shed light on how an apparent gain-of-function mutation to the receptor's C-terminus may lead to human disease.
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Adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland: a case report
Primary ductal adenocarcinomas of the lacrimal gland are very rare. This neoplasm shares some histological and immunohistochemical similarities with salivary duct carcinoma.
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Organic acids as a freshness indicator for tofu (soybean curd)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate organic acids as potential indicators of tofu freshness. To achieve this, relationships between organic acids concentrations and the growth of microorganisms in fresh tofu were investigated. The levels of microorganisms (total bacterial count) and organic acids (phytic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid and acetic acid) were analyzed in tofu (packed and unpacked) every 3 days during 15 days of storage at different temperatures (4, 10, and 25 °C). Organic acids were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and microbial analysis was conducted by plate counting method. The levels of oxalic acid, citric acid and formic acid decreased significantly during the storage period, while the levels of lactic acid and acetic acid increased significantly when stored at 10 °C. The acetic, lactic and formic acids showed significant correlation to the levels of microorganisms in packed tofu, suggesting the use of these organic acids as potential freshness quality indicators of tofu. Current study demonstrated the effective way of predicting freshness of tofu by utilizing organic acid analysis, as opposed to traditional method relying on microbial count.
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Rapid test for the determination of total phenolic content in brewed-filtered coffee using colorimetric paper
Abstract
This work was aimed to develop a chemical sensor for the determination of total polyphenol content (TPC) of coffee samples. The polyphenol sensor was based on co-immobilization of NaIO4 and MBTH in paper as a test strip. The sensor showed sensitive response to chlorogenic acid by forming pink color adduct which can be scanned and quantified by Imagej program. The sensor had response time of 14 min and a linear range between 0.07 and 0.71 mM of chlorogenic acid with a detection limit at 0.002 mM toward chlorogenic acid. The reproducibility of the sensor was good (RSD = 0.44%) with a life time within 27 days when stored at 4 °C. TPC of coffee samples were determined by the sensor, and the results were in agreement with the Folin–Ciocalteu method suggesting its practical use as a tool for TPC determination in coffee samples.
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Development of high protein, high fiber smoothie as a grab-and-go breakfast option using response surface methodology
Abstract
The current work aimed to formulate smoothie by optimizing varying levels of soy protein isolate (1.5–2.5% w/w), sucralose (150–190 ppm) and pectin (0.3–0.5% w/w) along with milk, legume (chickpea), vegetable (carrot), fruit (mango), honey and trisodium citrate by response surface methodology on the basis of sensory (color and appearance, flavor, consistency, sweetness and overall acceptability) and physical (expressible serum and viscosity) responses. Soy protein isolate and pectin levels influenced color and appearance, flavor, consistency and overall acceptability significantly. Soy protein isolate and pectin showed a positive correlation with viscosity of smoothie with reduced expressible serum. Smoothie was optimized with 1.8% (w/w) soy protein isolate, 166.8 ppm sucralose, and 0.5% (w/w) pectin with acceptable quality. One serving (325 ml) of optimized smoothie provides approximately 23% protein, 27% dietary fiber of the recommended daily values and provides approximately 74 kcal per 100 ml of smoothie, which renders smoothie as a high protein, high fiber, grab-and-go breakfast option.
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Use of TPP and ATPS for partitioning and recovery of lipase from Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) hepatopancreas
Abstract
Lipase recovery from Pacific white shrimp hepatopancreas using a three-phase partitioning (TPP) system in combination with an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was studied. TPP system was formed with a simultaneous addition of salt directly to crude extract (CE) followed by an organic solvent addition. The various process parameters required for efficient purification of lipase were optimized. The best lipase yield (87.41%) and purification fold (PF) (3.49-fold) were obtained in the interphase of TPP system, which consisted of the CE to t-butanol ratio of 1:1 (v/v) in the presence of 50% (w/v) (NH4)2SO4. Subsequently, TPP fraction was subjected to ATPS. Effects of phase compositions including PEG molecular weight and concentration, types and concentration of salts, NaCl addition and system pH on lipase partitioning were investigated. With the application of 25% (w/w) PEG1000 and 15% (w/w) MgSO4, at pH 5.0 was found most appropriate since high lipase PF (5.19-fold) and yield (78.46%) in top phase were obtained. The partitioned enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 55 °C and was stable at a temperature range of 0–40 °C and a pH range of 7–10. The partitioned lipase showed high tolerance in the presence of ethanol and methanol. Hence, the combined partitioning systems, TPP–ATPS, were found to be an attractive technique for the recovery and partial purification of lipase from Pacific white shrimp hepatopancreas.
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Extraction, characterization and bioactive properties of Nigella sativa seedcake
Abstract
The extraction of phenolic compounds from Nigella sativa seed cake was optimized in terms of % of EtOH, extraction time, extraction temperature and solid to solvent ratio to maximize the phenolic content yield. The optimized conditions were 40% ethanol for 60 min, at 40 °C, 1/14 solid to sample ratio. The LC–MS profiling of the extract was found to contain many important phenolics such as Kaempferol, p-coumaroyl acid derivative, Thymol-O-sophoroside etc. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 values 548.5 ± 9.4, 64.3 ± 2.7 μg/ml and 1.85 ± 0.2 mM TE/g in terms of DPPH scavenging activity, TEAC, and FRAP assay respectively. The results also indicated that the extract has a significant anti-inflammatory potential. This was evaluated as a measure of the membrane stabilization ability and protein denaturation inhibition capacity (IC50 values) and the activities were found to be 318.73 ± 6.98 and 150.39 ± 2.61 μg/ml respectively. Moreover, results of the study are promising and invite to further investigate the above activities in order to confirm them in different experimental situations and to consider for possible use in a nutraceutical approach.
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Characteristics of patients with sorafenib-treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma eligible for second-line treatment
Summary
Background Regorafenib has been investigated for its efficacy and safety as a second-line treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We assessed the characteristics of patients with HCC treated with sorafenib who might be eligible for second-line treatment in general and regorafenib in particular. Methods Patients with HCC treated with sorafenib were retrospectively analyzed. We defined second-line candidate patients as maintaining Child–Pugh A and ECOG-PS ≤1 at the time of sorafenib failure. We also defined regorafenib candidate patients as follows: 1) continuing sorafenib at the time of radiological progression, 2) maintaining Child–Pugh A and ECOG-PS ≤ 1 at the time of sorafenib failure, and 3) continuing sorafenib 400 mg or more without intolerable adverse events at least 20 days of the last 28 days of treatment. Results Of 185 patients, 130 (70%) and 69 (37%) were candidates for second-line treatment and regorafenib. Child-Pugh score 6 and ECOG-PS 1 at the time of starting sorafenib were significantly lower in both second-line treatment and regorafenib candidate patients. Moreover, hand–foot skin reaction and liver failure during sorafenib treatment were associated with significantly low and high probabilities, respectively, of both Child–Pugh score > 6 and ECOG-PS > 1 at the time of sorafenib failure. Conclusion Regorafenib candidate patients after sorafenib failure are limited, and generally fewer than those who are candidates for second-line treatment. A lower Child–Pugh score and a better ECOG-PS were predictors of eligibility for second-line therapy and regorafenib treatment in sorafenib-treated patients with advanced HCC patients.
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Genetic variation in the Vitamin D related pathway and breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry in the Root Consortium
Abstract
The vitamin D related pathway has been evaluated in carcinogenesis but its genetic contribution remains poorly understood. We examined single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D related pathway genes using data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of breast cancer in the African Diaspora that included 3,686 participants (1,657 cases). Pathway- and gene-level analyses were conducted using the adaptive rank truncated product test. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated at SNP-level. After stringent Bonferroni corrections, we observed no significant association between variants in the vitamin D pathway and breast cancer risk at the pathway-, gene-, or SNP-level. In addition, no association was found for either the reported signals from GWASs of vitamin D related traits, or the SNPs within vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding regions. Furthermore, a decrease in genetically predicted 25(OH)D levels by Mendelian randomization was not associated with breast cancer (P = 0.23). However, an association for breast cancer with the pigment synthesis/metabolism pathway almost approached significance (pathway-level P = 0.08), driven primarily by a nonsense SNP rs41302073 in TYRP1, with an OR of 1.54 (95% CI = 1.24-1.91, Padj = 0.007). In conclusion, we found no evidence to support an association between vitamin D status and breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry, suggesting that vitamin D is unlikely to have significant effect on breast carcinogenesis. Interestingly, TYRP1 might be related to breast cancer through a non-vitamin D relevant mechanism but further studies are needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Identifying actionable variants using next generation sequencing in patients with a historical diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Abstract
There are limited data regarding the molecular characterization of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS; formerly malignant fibrous histiocytoma). This study aimed to investigate the utility of next generation sequencing (NGS) in UPS to identify subsets of patients who harbour actionable mutations. Patients diagnosed with UPS underwent pathological re-evaluation by a pathologist specializing in sarcoma. Tumor DNA was isolated from archived fresh frozen tissue samples and genotyped using NGS with the Illumina MiSeq TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel (48 genes, 212 amplicons). In total, 95 patients initially classified with UPS were identified. Following pathology re-review the histological subtypes were reclassified to include: Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS, N=44); UPS(N=18); and Others (N=27; including undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma (N=15) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (N=6)). Seven cases were excluded from further analysis for other reasons. Baseline demographics of the finalized cohort (N=88) showed a median age of 66 years (32-95), primarily with stage I-III disease (92%) and high grade (86%) lesions. Somatic mutations were identified in 31 cases (35%)(Total mutations=36: solitary mutation(n=27); two mutations(n=3); three mutations(n=1)). The most commonly identified mutations were in TP53 (n=24), ATM (n=3) and PIK3CA (n=2). Three of 43 patients with MFS and one of 18 patients with UPS had clinically relevant mutations, mainly related to biomarkers of prediction of response, however few had targetable driver mutations. Somatic mutation status did not influence disease free or overall survival. Based on the small number of clinically relevant mutations, this data does not support the routine use of targeted NGS panels outside of research protocols in UPS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Brucellosis in livestock and wildlife: zoonotic diseases without pandemic potential in need of innovative one health approaches
Human brucellosis remains the commonest zoonotic disease worldwide with more than 500 000 new cases annually. Understanding the biology of Brucella infections and the transmission patterns at the wildlife/livesto...
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Effect of hydrophobicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products for adsorption on activated carbon: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and mechanism
Abstract
Adsorption of three pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), namely caffeine, ibuprofen and triclosan on commercial powdered activated carbon was examined in aqueous medium. The contaminants were chosen based on their diverse log Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient) viz. − 0.07 for caffeine, 3.97 for ibuprofen and 4.76 for triclosan to examine the role of hydrophobicity on adsorption process. The adsorbent characterisation was achieved using BET surface area, SEM, pore size distribution studies and FTIR. Influence of mass of PAC, contact time, solution pH and initial concentration on adsorption capacity of PAC was studied. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were applied to establish the mechanism of adsorption. The kinetics followed pseudo-second order with physisorption occurring through particle diffusion. The Freundlich model fitted best among the isotherm models. The adsorption capacity increased in the order CFN < IBU < TCS which correlates with increasing hydrophobicity (log Kow), molecular weight and decreasing water solubility, respectively. We conclude that micro-pollutant hydrophobicity contributes towards adsorption on activated carbon.
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Association between maternal nonresponsive feeding practice and child’s eating behavior and weight status: children aged 1 to 6 years
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to investigate the prevalence of nonresponsive feeding practice (NRFP) and child's eating behavior (CEB) and to explore the hypothetical association between child's weight status, NRFP and CEB for 1- to 6-year-old children. In this study, 2423 caregivers of 1- to 6-year-old children are from the Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital who completed the self-report questionnaires about their NRFP and CEB as well as their children's sociodemographic data. Chi-square test and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the correlation between child's weight status and NRFP and CEB. The total prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.2 and 7.3%, respectively. High prevalence of CEB problems and NRFP was detected at 2- and 5-year-old children. Moreover, maternal NRFP was significantly positively associated with CEB. The regression and correlation analysis revealed CEB and maternal NRFP are closely associated with BMI. For instance, refusing new food (OR = 3.57, 95%CI, 1.37–9.33, 1.5-year-old) and restriction (OR = 3.01, 95%CI, 1.34–6.76) are likely to be associated with underweight. Preferring junk food (OR = 4.892, 95%CI, 1.71–14.01, 1-year-old) and inattention (OR = 2.24, 95%CI, 1.16–4.35, 1-year-old) are prone to be overweight and obese, and pressure (OR = 0.23, 95%CI, 0.06–0.91, 1-year-old) is less likely to be associated with underweight.
Conclusion: The findings provide strong evidence for the correlation between NRFR and CEB, and this indicates that prevention and intervention of unhealthy weight should start in early life. However, further research is necessary to gain an understanding of the impact of NRFP on CEB and weight.
| What is known: • Responsive feeding practice is crucial to the formation of eating behavior, and poor practice is associated with the current epidemics of childhood obesity and underweight. |
| What is new: • The findings provide a strong evidence for the correlation between NRFR and CEB. • This finding indicates that NRFR and CEB are associated with child's unhealthy weight. |
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Dental Teambuilding Expert Kevin Henry: 5 Ways Dental Assistants Can Advance Their Careers
DENVER, Sept. 10, 2017 : If dental assistants are unhappy at work, then they need to sit down with their dentists and colleagues and find ways to grow in their career.
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New Dandelion Algorithm Optimizes Extreme Learning Machine for Biomedical Classification Problems
Inspired by the behavior of dandelion sowing, a new novel swarm intelligence algorithm, namely, dandelion algorithm (DA), is proposed for global optimization of complex functions in this paper. In DA, the dandelion population will be divided into two subpopulations, and different subpopulations will undergo different sowing behaviors. Moreover, another sowing method is designed to jump out of local optimum. In order to demonstrate the validation of DA, we compare the proposed algorithm with other existing algorithms, including bat algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and enhanced fireworks algorithm. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm seems much superior to other algorithms. At the same time, the proposed algorithm can be applied to optimize extreme learning machine (ELM) for biomedical classification problems, and the effect is considerable. At last, we use different fusion methods to form different fusion classifiers, and the fusion classifiers can achieve higher accuracy and better stability to some extent.
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Optical and Magnetic Properties of Ni Doped ZnS Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Diluted magnetic semiconductors with different consistency ratio ( = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method using ethylenediamine as a modifier. The influence of Ni doping concentration on the microstructure, morphology, and optical and magnetic properties of undoped and Ni doped ZnS nanocrystals was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The experiment results show the substitution of Ni2+ on Zn2+ sites without changing the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnS and generate single-phase with good crystallization. The lattice constant causes distortion and decreases with the increase of Ni2+ doped concentration. The appearance of the samples is one-dimensional well-dispersed nanorods. UV-vis spectra reveal the band gap of all samples greater than that of bulk ZnS (3.67 eV), and blue shift phenomenon occurs. The photoluminescence spectra of undoped and doped samples possess the broad blue emission band in the range of 400–650 nm; the PL intensities of nanorods increase with the increase of Ni content comparing to pure ZnS and reach maximum for = 0.03. Magnetic measurements indicated that the undoped ZnS samples are superparamagnetic, whereas the doped samples exhibit ferromagnetism.
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Control for MJLS with Infinite Markov Chain
With the help of a stochastic bounded real lemma, we deal with finite horizon control problem for discrete-time MJLS, whose Markov chain takes values in an infinite set. Besides, a unified control design for , , and is given.
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Free Vibration Analysis of the Unified Functionally Graded Shallow Shell with General Boundary Conditions
The free vibration analysis of the functionally graded (FG) double curved shallow shell structures with general boundary conditions is investigated by an improved Fourier series method (IFSM). The material properties of FG structures are assumed to vary continuously in the thickness direction, according to the four graded parameters of the volume distribution function. Under the current framework, the displacement and rotation functions are set to a spectral form, including a double Fourier cosine series and two supplementary functions. These supplements can effectively eliminate the discontinuity and jumping phenomena of the displacement function along the edges. The formulation is based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and Rayleigh-Ritz technique. This method can be universally applied to the free vibration analysis of the shallow shell, because it only needs to change the relevant parameters instead of modifying the basic functions or adapting solution procedures. The proposed method shows excellent convergence and accuracy, which has been compared with the results of the existing literatures. Numerous new results for free vibration analysis of FG shallow shells with various boundary conditions, geometric parameter, material parameters, gradient parameters, and volume distribution functions are investigated, which may serve as the benchmark solution for future researches.
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ESMO 2017: FOLFOX4/XELOX in stage II–III colon cancer: efficacy and safety results
Among the 6 randomised comparisons between 6 months and 3 months of adjuvant FOLFOX/XELOX for early stages colon cancer of the IDEA collaboration (International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant), TOSCA was the first to start and the first to close the...
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ESMO 2017: Efficacy of 3 versus 6 months of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for Stage III colon cancer (CC
Results of the IDEA project, a prospective preplanned pooled analysis of 6 concurrently conducted randomised phase III trials, were presented at ASCO 2017. ACHIEVE was one of the 6 trials which compared 3 months (3m) duration with 6 months (6m) duration...
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ESMO 2017: Three versus six months’ adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer
The International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant chemotherapy (IDEA) collaboration was established to combine data from 6 randomised trials to assess whether 3-month (3M) of oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidines-based adjuvant chemotherapy is non-inferior to...
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Clinicopathological parameters affecting nodal yields in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma receiving selective neck dissection
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and 90% of head and neck cancers (Shah and Gil 2009). 263,000 newly diagnosed cases and 128,000 deaths are registered per year (Shah and Gil 2009).
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Clinicopathological parameters affecting nodal yields in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma receiving selective neck dissection
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and 90% of head and neck cancers (Shah and Gil 2009). 263,000 newly diagnosed cases and 128,000 deaths are registered per year (Shah and Gil 2009).
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A growing number of patients bring challenges for Community Dental Clinic
The Community Dental Clinic could use some support. The number of patients is on the rise, at a time when the clinic is operating at near maximum capacity.
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ESMO 2017: Combined lenvatinib and pembrolizumab produces notable response rates in advcanced renal carcinoma
Interim results were announced today from the advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cohort of Study 111, a Phase 1b/2 study investigating lenvatinib, a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (including fibroblast growth factor receptors), in...
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Global analysis of membrane-associated protein oligomerization using protein correlation profiling [Research]
Membrane-associated proteins are required for essential processes like transport, organelle biogenesis, and signaling. Many are expected to function as part of an oligomeric protein complex. However, membrane-associated proteins are challenging to work with, and large-scale datasets on the oligomerization state of this important class of proteins is missing. Here we combined cell fractionation of Arabidopsis leaves with nondenaturing detergent solubilization and LC/MS-based profiling of size exclusion chromatography fractions to measure the apparent masses of >1350 membrane-associated proteins. Our method identified proteins from all of the major organelles, with more than 50% of them predicted to be part of a stable complex. The plasma membrane was the most highly enriched in large protein complexes compared to other organelles. Hundreds of novel protein complexes were identified. Over 150 proteins had a complicated localization pattern, and were clearly partitioned between cytosolic and membrane-associated pools. A subset of these dual localized proteins had oligomerization states that differed based on localization. Our dataset is an important resource for the community that includes new functionally relevant data for membrane-localized protein complexes that could not be predicted based on sequence alone. Our method enables the analysis of protein complex localization and dynamics, and is a first step in the development of a method in which LC/MS profile data can be used to predict the composition of membrane-associated protein complexes.
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With immigration program in peril, tension high for many in Dan River Region who wonder what's next
Around 100 people marched through Danville on Saturday in support of local "Dreamers" - those enrolled in the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program - after President Donald Trump announced plans to end the program in six months.
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Ligand-dependent Hedgehog pathway activation in Rhabdomyosarcoma: the oncogenic role of the ligands
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Presurgical weight loss affects tumour traits and circulating biomarkers in men with prostate cancer
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1: a novel immunohistological marker for colorectal cancer
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A novel inhibitory anti-invasive MAb isolated using phenotypic screening highlights AnxA6 as a functionally relevant target protein in pancreatic cancer
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HPV-positive women with normal cytology remain at increased risk of CIN3 after a negative repeat HPV test
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A phase I/II study of KW-2478, an Hsp90 inhibitor, in combination with bortezomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
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SKLB188 inhibits the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing EGFR signalling
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The association between fasting blood glucose and the risk of primary liver cancer in Chinese males: a population-based prospective study
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Anti-Mullerian hormone and endometrial cancer: a multi-cohort study
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Ffar2 expression regulates leukaemic cell growth in vivo
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RT @neerajaiims : PFS with Ipi/nivo vs sunitinib by tumor PD-L1 expression in Checkmate-214 trial in 1st line mRCC #ESMO17 https://t.co/Pl6Q…
RT @neerajaiims : PFS with Ipi/nivo vs sunitinib by tumor PD-L1 expression in Checkmate-214 trial in 1st line mRCC #ESMO17 https://t.co/Pl6Q…
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Cytotoxicity and potential anti-inflammatory activity of velutin on RAW 264.7 cell line differentiation: Implications in periodontal bone loss
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 83
Author(s): Carlos Brito, Alexander Stavroullakis, Tatiane Oliveira, Anuradha Prakki
ObjectivesHypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been implicated in periodontal tissue inflammation and possibly in osteoclast differentiation, while polyphenols are known to be anti-inflammatory natural compounds that are capable of regulating the NF-κB protein complex pathway. The objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxicity and HIF-1α expression through the NF-κB pathway by polyphenol velutin (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), found in the pulp of acai fruit, during inflammatory RAW 264.7 differentiation.DesignRAW 264.7 mouse monocyte macrophage cells were stimulated with RANKL (30ng/mL) and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (1μg/mL). Cells were treated with various concentrations of velutin (0.5–2μM) to check for viability, morphology, osteoclast differentiation, and HIF-1α expression (Western blot).ResultsAlamar blue cell viability assay showed no toxicity to RAW cells with the use of velutin in all concentrations tested (p>0.05). Velutin did not induce cell apoptosis based on caspase 3/7 assay (p>0.05). Fluorescence images stained by DAPI showed no alteration in the morphology of RAW cell nuclei (p>0.05) treated with velutin. TRAP assays demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in osteoclast formation by velutin when compared with control (p<0.05). Velutin showed a reduction in HIF-1α expression related to IκB phosphorylation when compared with control (p<0.001).ConclusionsAt the tested concentrations, velutin was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 and differentiated cells. Velutin reduced osteoclast differentiation and downregulated HIF-1α through the NF-κB pathway.
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ESMO 2017: Combined lenvatinib and everolimus produces notable response rates in advcanced renal carcinoma
Interim results were announced today from the advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cohort of Study 111, a Phase 1b/2 study investigating lenvatinib, a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (including fibroblast growth factor receptors, in combination...
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The role of tumour marker testing in early diagnosis
Dr Barrington speaks with ecancer at ESMO 2017 about perspectives from his local tumour board, where he describes a large number of repeated tumour marker tests conduct resulting in little clinical significance. He describes the economic benefit of...
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ESMO 2017: Prostate cancer highlights
Our panel of experts share their ESMO 2017 highlights and offer their opinion on current, and future standard-of-care within prostate cancer treatment. Some of the panels key highlights include additional STAMPEDE data which share further efficacy...
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Patient perceptions of chemotherapy side effects differ over time and treatment
Dr Ataseven speaks with ecancer at ESMO 2017 about the cognitive, emotional and social adversity facing cancer patients today. She describes how perceptions of some side effects, such as nausea, have changed over recent years, and that they continue to...
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Comment: MONARCH 3 trial: Abemaciclib for advanced breast cancer
Dr de Azambuja talks with ecancer at the ESMO 2017 Congress about the data presented by Dr Angelo Di Leo from the MONARCH 3 trial looking at abemaciclib as initial therapy for patients with HR /HER2- advanced breast cancer. For more information...
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Panfish Dentistry...All Season Long
Dentists and anglers agree on exactly one thing: Work around jaws and teeth is serious, sensitive business. It's why practitioners of both trades wield instruments of precision extraction.
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Further Validation of the Norwegian Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Mode Use
Background. The Intentional Relationship Model (IRM) proposes six therapeutic modes as ways of relating to clients. The Norwegian self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use (N-SETMU) was found to have a one-component structure. However, its items reflect abstract concepts rather than concrete behaviors. Aim. To validate further the N-SETMU by linking its items to the Norwegian client assessment of modes (N-CAM), with 30 items constituting six scales (linked to each mode), possessing concrete, behavioral content. Methods. Occupational therapy students () completed the N-SETMU and the N-CAM derived items, along with sociodemographic information. Component structure was analyzed with Principal Components Analysis (PCA), internal consistency of scales with Cronbach's α, and associations between scale scores with Pearson's . Results. All items on all N-CAM derived scales loaded on one latent component, except one item related to problem-solving. After removing this item, the scale functioned appropriately. Cronbach's α for all N-CAM derived scales ranged 0.88–0.94, and the associations between the N-CAM derived scales and the corresponding N-SETMU items ranged between 0.60 (advocating) and 0.79 (encouraging). Conclusions. In view of the strong associations between the concrete, N-CAM derived scales and the abstract N-SETMU items, this study supports the concurrent validity of the N-SETMU.
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The Effect of Carpal Tunnel Release on Neuropathic Pain in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of neuropathic pain (NP) in the patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) before and after the carpal tunnel release. Materials and Methods. One hundred and two CTS patients were enrolled in the study. The pain score was measured by the visual analogue score. NP was determined by the painDETECT (PD) questionnaire. All subjects were divided into 3 groups at 12 weeks after surgery: an Improved, Unchanged, and Worsened group. The risk factors of worsening NP after surgery were evaluated. Results. We found that 36% and 18% of patients with CTS had neuropathic pain before and 12 weeks after surgery, respectively, and pain was significantly stronger than in those without NP. The PD score of eight hands worsened after surgery. In the "Improved group," the average age at the surgery was younger and the pain score was lower than in the "Unchanged group." Conclusions. The surgery was very effective on NP of CTS; however, the PD in 7% of hands worsened after surgery. Risk factors before surgery that predicted worse NP after surgery were found to be a younger age, weaker pain, and the absence of night pain.
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Hepatocyte CYP2B6 Can Be Expressed in Cell Culture Systems by Exerting Physiological Levels of Shear: Implications for ADME Testing
Cytochrome 2B6 (CYP2B6) has substantial clinical effects on morbidity and mortality and its effects on drug metabolism should be part of hepatotoxicity screening. Examples of CYP2B6's impacts include its linkage to mortality during cyclophosphamide therapy and its role in determining hepatotoxicity and CNS toxicity during efavirenz therapy for HIV infection. CYP2B6 is key to metabolism of many common drugs from opioids to antidepressants, anesthetics, and anticonvulsants. But CYP2B6 has been extremely difficult to express in cell culture, and as a result, it has been largely deemphasized in preclinical toxicity studies. It has now been shown that CYP2B6 expression can be supported for extended periods of time using suspension culture techniques that exert physiological levels of shear. New understanding of CYP2B6 has identified five clinically significant genetic polymorphisms that have a high incidence in many populations and that convey a substantial dynamic range of activity. We propose that, with the use of culture devices exerting physiological shear levels, CYP2B6 dependent drug testing, including definition of polymorphisms and application of specific inhibitors, should be a standard part of preclinical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) testing.
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Trichloroacetic Acid Ingestion: Self-Harm Attempt
Objective. Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), or trichloroethanoic acid, is a chemical analogue of acetic acid where three methyl group hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine. TCAAs are also abbreviated and referred to as TCAs, causing confusion with the psychiatric antidepressant drug class, especially among patients. TCAAs exist in dermatological treatments such as chemical peels or wart chemoablation medication. TCAA ingestion or overdose can cause gastric irritation symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, or lassitude. This symptomatology is less severe than TCA overdose, where symptoms may include elevated body temperature, blurred vision, dilated pupils, sleepiness, confusion, seizures, rapid heart rate, and cardiac arrest. Owing to the vast difference in symptoms, the need for clinical intervention differs greatly. While overdose of either in a self-harm attempt can warrant psychiatric hospital admission, the risk of death in TCAA ingestion is far less. Case Report. A patient ingested TCAA in the form of a commercially available dermatological chemical peel as a self-harm attempt, thinking that it was a more injurious TCA. Conclusion. Awareness among physicians, particularly psychiatrists, regarding this relatively obscure chemical compound (TCAA) and its use by suicidal patients mistakenly believing it to be a substance that can be significantly more lethal (TCA), is imperative.
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Data Dissemination Based on Fuzzy Logic and Network Coding in Vehicular Networks
Vehicular networks, as a significant technology in intelligent transportation systems, improve the convenience, efficiency, and safety of driving in smart cities. However, because of the high velocity, the frequent topology change, and the limited bandwidth, it is difficult to efficiently propagate data in vehicular networks. This paper proposes a data dissemination scheme based on fuzzy logic and network coding for vehicular networks, named SFN. It uses fuzzy logic to compute a transmission ability for each vehicle by comprehensively considering the effects of three factors: the velocity change rate, the velocity optimization degree, and the channel quality. Then, two nodes with high abilities are selected as primary backbone and slave backbone in every road segment, which propagate data to other vehicles in this segment and forward them to the backbones in the next segment. The backbone network helps to increase the delivery ratio and avoid invalid transmissions. Additionally, network coding is utilized to reduce transmission overhead and accelerate data retransmission in interbackbone forwarding and intrasegment broadcasting. Experiments show that, compared with existing schemes, SFN has a high delivery ratio and a short dissemination delay, while the backbone network keeps high reliability.
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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1044: The Effect of Bisphenol A on Puberty: A Critical Review of the Medical Literature
IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1044: The Effect of Bisphenol A on Puberty: A Critical Review of the Medical Literature
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091044
Authors: Alberto Leonardi Marta Cofini Donato Rigante Laura Lucchetti Clelia Cipolla Laura Penta Susanna Esposito
Many scientific studies have revealed a trend towards an earlier onset of puberty and have disclosed an increasing number of children that display precocious puberty. As an explanation, some authors have considered the global socio-economic improvement across different populations, and other authors have considered the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Among these, bisphenol A (BPA), an aromatic compound largely used worldwide as a precursor of some plastics and chemical additives, is well known for its molecular oestrogen-like and obesogenic actions. We reviewed the medical literature of the previous 20 years that examined associations between BPA exposure and the age of puberty in humans, considering only those referring to clinical or epidemiological data. Of 19 studies, only 7 showed a correlation between BPA and puberty. In particular, the possible disruptive role of BPA on puberty may be seen in those with central precocious puberty or isolated premature breast development aged 2 months to 4 years old, even if the mechanism is undefined. Some studies also found a close relationship between urinary BPA, body weight, and early puberty, which can be explained by the obesogenic effect of BPA itself. The currently available data do not allow establishment of a clear role for BPA in pubertal development because of the conflicting results among all clinical and epidemiological studies examined. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential role of exposure to EDCs and their adverse endocrine health outcomes.
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Dr Angelo di Leo spoke with us about abemaciclib for advanced #breastcancer & the future of CDK4/6 seen at #ESMO17… https://t.co/NkAXefo859
Dr Angelo di Leo spoke with us about abemaciclib for advanced #breastcancer & the future of CDK4/6 seen at #ESMO17… https://t.co/NkAXefo859
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Our #esmo17 expert discussion on advances in #prosatecancer with leading experts is coming soon! @myESMO https://t.co/Ty6mvZGgSF
Our #esmo17 expert discussion on advances in #prosatecancer with leading experts is coming soon! @myESMO https://t.co/Ty6mvZGgSF
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Structural Characterization of Natural and Processed Zircons with X-Rays and Nuclear Techniques
In ceramic industry, zircon sand is widely used in different applications because zirconia plays a role as common opacifying constituent. In particular, it is used as a basic component of glazes applied to ceramic tiles and sanitary ware as well as an opacifier in unglazed bulk porcelain stoneware. Natural zircon sands are the major source of zirconium minerals for industrial applications. In this paper, long, medium, and short range studies were conducted on zirconium minerals originated from Australia, South Africa, and United States of America using conventional and less conventional techniques (i.e., X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS), and Perturbed Angular Correlations (PAC)) in order to reveal the type and the extension of the regions that constitute the metamict state of zircon sands and the modifications therein produced as a consequence of the industrial milling process and the thermal treatment in the production line. Additionally, HPGe gamma-ray spectroscopy confirms the occurrence of significant levels of natural radioactivity responsible for metamictization in the investigated zircon samples. Results from XRD, PALS, and PAC analysis confirm that the metamict state of zircon is a dispersion of submicron disordered domains in a crystalline matrix of zircon.
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Biochemical differences in the mass and activity tests of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 explain the discordance in results between the two assay methods
Publication date: Available online 9 September 2017
Source:Clinical Biochemistry
Author(s): Shaoqiu Zhuo, Robert L. Wolfert, Chong Yuan
ObjectivesThere are two platforms for the detection of Lp-PLA2 in sera or plasmas: by its enzymatic activity (PLAC® activity test) and by its mass concentration (PLAC® mass test). It has been long recognized that these two platforms are not correlated well. The underlying cause for this is therefore investigated by the biochemical characterization of the two PLAC tests.Design & methodsHuman sera with and without the treatment by detergent were fractionated by using a Superose-6 column in phosphate buffered saline and the phospholipid associated Lp-PLA2 was assessed by both PLAC mass and activity tests. The Lp-PLA2 values of the two PLAC tests were compared under such conditions.ResultsFractionation of sera and plasmas indicates that the association of Lp-PLA2 with phospholipids, especially LDL and other large size phospholipid vesicles, block the detection of the enzyme by antibodies in the immunoassay format under the conditions of the PLAC mass test. Inclusion of high concentration (>CMC, critical micelle concentration) of detergents in the assay buffer of PLAC mass test dissociates Lp-PLA2 from phospholipid vesicles and results in the full detection of all Lp-PLA2 in sera or plasmas for concentration. Such assay modification significantly improves the correlation between the PLAC mass and PLAC activity tests.ConclusionsPLAC mass test only detects a small portion of the total Lp-PLA2, mainly the Lp-PLA2 associated with HDL. This is the main cause of the discordance and poor correlation between the PLAC mass and activity tests. Our results demonstrate the PLAC activity test is more accurate in assessing the total level of circulating Lp-PLA2.
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Treatment choices in thyroid cancer
Prof Tahara talks with ecancer at the ESMO 2017 Congress in Madrid about existing treatments of thyroid cancer, including radioactive iodine treatment and surgery. He notes the clinical activity of some cytotoxic drugs in treating thyroid cancer, but...
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Antioxidant Treatment Reduces Formation of Structural Cores and Improves Muscle Function in RYR1Y522S/WT Mice
Central core disease (CCD) is a congenital myopathy linked to mutations in the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1), the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle. CCD is characterized by formation of amorphous cores within muscle fibers, lacking mitochondrial activity. In skeletal muscle of RYR1Y522S/WT knock-in mice, carrying a human mutation in RYR1 linked to malignant hyperthermia (MH) with cores, oxidative stress is elevated and fibers present severe mitochondrial damage and cores. We treated RYR1Y522S/WT mice with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant provided ad libitum in drinking water for either 2 or 6 months. Our results show that 2 months of NAC treatment starting at 2 months of age, when mitochondrial and fiber damage was still minimal, (i) reduce formation of unstructured and contracture cores, (ii) improve muscle function, and (iii) decrease mitochondrial damage. The beneficial effect of NAC treatment is also evident following 6 months of treatment starting at 4 months of age, when structural damage was at an advanced stage. NAC exerts its protective effect likely by lowering oxidative stress, as supported by the reduction of 3-NT and SOD2 levels. This work suggests that NAC administration is beneficial to prevent mitochondrial damage and formation of cores and improve muscle function in RYR1Y522S/WT mice.
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Examination of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Older Adults as an Approach to Prevent Spread of Risk Factors for Human Infections
The oral cavity environment may be colonized by polymicrobial communities with complex, poorly known interrelations. The aim of this study was to determine oral microbiota diversity in order to prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms that are risk factors for human health complications in patients requiring treatment due to various disabilities. The study examined Polish adults aged between 40 and 70 years; parasitological, microbiological, and mycological data collected before treatment were analyzed. The diversity of oral microbiota, including relatively high prevalences of some opportunistic, potentially pathogenic strains of bacteria, protozoans, and fungi detected in the patients analyzed, may result in increasing risk of disseminated infections from the oral cavity to neighboring structures and other organs. Increasing ageing of human populations is noted in recent decades in many countries, including Poland. The growing number of older adults with different oral health disabilities, who are more prone to development of oral and systemic pathology, is an increasing medical problem. Results of this retrospective study showed the urgent need to pay more attention to the pretreatment examination of components of the oral microbiome, especially to the strains, which are etiological agents of human opportunistic infections and are particularly dangerous for older adults.
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CO Gas-Induced Resonance Frequency Shift of ZnO-Functionalized Microcantilever in Humid Air
Resonance frequency shift of a zinc oxide- (ZnO-) functionalized microcantilever as a response to carbon monoxide (CO) gas has been investigated. Here, ZnO microrods were grown on the microcantilever surface by a hydrothermal method. The measurement of resonance frequency of the microcantilever vibrations due to the gas was carried out in two conditions, that is, gas flow with and without air pumping into an experiment chamber. The results show that the resonance frequency of the ZnO-functionalized microcantilever decreases because of CO in air pumping condition, while it increases when CO is introduced without air pumping. Such change in the resonance frequency is influenced by water vapor condition, and a possible model based on water-CO combination was proposed.
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 1943: Molecular Mechanisms of Acetaldehyde-Mediated Carcinogenesis in Squamous Epithelium
IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 1943: Molecular Mechanisms of Acetaldehyde-Mediated Carcinogenesis in Squamous Epithelium
International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18091943
Authors: Ayaka Mizumoto Shinya Ohashi Kenshiro Hirohashi Yusuke Amanuma Tomonari Matsuda Manabu Muto
Acetaldehyde is a highly reactive compound that causes various forms of damage to DNA, including DNA adducts, single- and/or double-strand breaks (DSBs), point mutations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and DNA–DNA cross-links. Among these, DNA adducts such as N2-ethylidene-2′-deoxyguanosine, N2-ethyl-2′-deoxyguanosine, N2-propano-2′-deoxyguanosine, and N2-etheno-2′-deoxyguanosine are central to acetaldehyde-mediated DNA damage because they are associated with the induction of DNA mutations, DNA–DNA cross-links, DSBs, and SCEs. Acetaldehyde is produced endogenously by alcohol metabolism and is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Alcohol consumption increases blood and salivary acetaldehyde levels, especially in individuals with ALDH2 polymorphisms, which are highly associated with the risk of squamous cell carcinomas in the upper aerodigestive tract. Based on extensive epidemiological evidence, the International Agency for Research on Cancer defined acetaldehyde associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages as a "group 1 carcinogen" (definite carcinogen) for the esophagus and/or head and neck. In this article, we review recent advances from studies of acetaldehyde-mediated carcinogenesis in the squamous epithelium, focusing especially on acetaldehyde-mediated DNA adducts. We also give attention to research on acetaldehyde-mediated DNA repair pathways such as the Fanconi anemia pathway and refer to our studies on the prevention of acetaldehyde-mediated DNA damage.
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Related Articles Rhinology. 2017 Sep 09;: Authors: Hussain T, Mattheis S,...
| Related Articles |
Rhinology. 2017 Sep 09;:
Authors: Hussain T, Mattheis S, Dominas N, Hoing B, Lang S, Stuck BA
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Surgery is the primary treatment option for squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal cavity (NCSCC). Nodal involvement is rare at the time of initial diagnosis, and the role of diagnostic neck dissection as well as potential adjuvant irradiation of the neck remains controversial. The objective of this study was to assess the oncologic outcomes of patients with NCSCC with special emphasis on cervical lymph node treatment and recurrence.
METHODS: 37 previously untreated patients were included in this study. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, therapeutic management, and clinical outcome were analyzed.
RESULTS: Patients with advanced stage tumors were slightly overrepresented in this study and overall 3-year disease-free survival was 63%. A surgical treatment approach was pursued in 89% (n=33) of patients. After total rhinectomy, there were no cases of local recurrence. Overall, 12% (n=4) of all surgically treated patients developed local recurrence. While in 45% of patients (n=15), neck dissection was performed at the time of tumor resection, initial lymph node metastasis was histologically confirmed in only 6% (n=2) of surgically treated patients. Cervical lymph node recurrence occurred in 18% (n=6) of patients, predominantly those with advanced stage tumors, despite prior treatment of the neck.
CONCLUSION: Excellent local control is achievable for patients with NCSCC, especially with radical tumor resection. While cervical lymph node metastasis is rare at the time of diagnosis, regional lymph node recurrence needs to be taken into consideration when planning therapy and follow-up. Multimodal treatment of the neck may be required for patients with advanced stage tumors.
PMID: 28888026 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Comparison of different endoscopic scoring systems in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: reliability, validity, responsiveness and correlation.
| Related Articles |
Comparison of different endoscopic scoring systems in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: reliability, validity, responsiveness and correlation.
Rhinology. 2017 Sep 09;:
Authors: Zhang L, Zhang LH
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have proposed various endoscopic scoring systems to assess disease severity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, those assessments have not been validated. This study was designed to assess the Modified Lund - Kennedy (MLK) and the discharge, inflammation, and polyps/oedema (DIP) endoscopic scoring systems in patients with CRS.
METHODS: A prospective study including 144 patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). All participants were asked to finish SNOT-22, Lund-Mackay CT score and endoscopic examination evaluations before surgery and at 6 months after surgery. Endoscopic examination videos were evaluated using 3 scoring systems by two blinded rhinologists. The scores were compared in terms of responsiveness, validity, reliability and correlation with other scores.
RESULTS: The MLK and DIP endoscopic scoring systems showed high test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. All endoscopic scoring systems showed significant differences between the scores recorded at each time point (all P lower than 0.90 when compared with the Lund - Kennedy (LK) endoscopic scoring system and showed a statistically significant difference in discriminant validity between symptomless and symptomatic cases. The MLK and DIP systems showed high correlations with other subject assessments and no correlation with SNOT-22.
CONCLUSION: MLK and DIP exhibit substantial responsiveness, validity and reliability. MLK and DIP may be well suited for clinical and research use.
PMID: 28888025 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Airflow and symptom outcomes between allergic and non-allergic rhinitis patients from turbinoplasty.
| Related Articles |
Airflow and symptom outcomes between allergic and non-allergic rhinitis patients from turbinoplasty.
Rhinology. 2017 Sep 09;:
Authors: Parthasarathi K, Christensen JM, Alvarado R, Barham HP, Sacks R, Harvey RJ
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inferior turbinate procedures are applied to relieve medically refractory nasal obstruction. However, the nature of congestion differs between allergic(AR) and non-allergic rhinitis(NAR). This study compares surgical outcomes between AR and NAR patients.
METHODOLOGY: A case-control study of patients undergoing turbinate with or without septoplasty surgery for nasal obstruction was performed. Patient reported outcomes were: nasal obstruction, global nasal function(GNF), and sino-nasal outcome test(SNOT-22) with rhinitis, facial symptom, sleep and psychological sub-scores. Nasal peak inspiratory flow(NPIF) assessed nasal airflow. Measurements were obtained preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: 190 patients were assessed. AR had worse obstruction and worse GNF. All outcomes improved post-surgery; nasal obstruction, GNF, SNOT-22, rhinitis-symptoms, facial-symptoms, sleep-function, psychological-function and NPIF. GNF improvement was greater in AR. NPIF improvement was similar between groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Both AR and NAR patients gained benefit from surgery to relieve nasal obstruction. AR patients demonstrate greater improvement in GNF score but allergy management may contribute to this.
PMID: 28888024 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Allergy rhinitis: similarities and differences between children and adults.
| Related Articles |
Allergy rhinitis: similarities and differences between children and adults.
Rhinology. 2017 Sep 09;:
Authors: Izquierdo-Dominguez A, Jauregui I, Del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Davila I, Sastre J, Bartra J, Ferrer M, Alobid I, Mullol J, Valero AL
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Although a number of studies have described AR, no studies compared children and adult AR populations. The objective was to compare the AR characteristics between two AR cohorts of children and adults.
METHODS: Two AR cohorts (children and adults) from Spain were studied through observational cross-sectional multicentre studies. AR was classified based on classical (allergen exposure), original (o-ARIA), and modified (m-ARIA) ARIA criteria. AR was evaluated by Total 4-Symptoms Score (T4SS), and disease severity by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-100 mm). AR comorbidities were also evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 5,405 patients (1,275 children, 4,130 adults) were studied. According to symptoms duration, intermittent AR was more frequent in children than in adults. Using o-ARIA severity, more children than adults had moderate/severe AR while, using m-ARIA, more children than adults had severe AR. T4SS was higher in adults than in children. Moreover, VAS was also higher in adults than in children. In addition, asthma atopic dermatitis and conjunctivitis were more associated to children than adults with AR, the frequency of this comorbidities increasing according to higher severity.
CONCLUSIONS: AR in children was more intermittent, severe, with less symptoms but with more comorbidities than in adults. These results suggest AR has similarities but also significant differences between children and adults.
PMID: 28887880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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