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Τετάρτη 15 Σεπτεμβρίου 2021

Role of hypoxia in inhibiting dendritic cells by VEGF signaling in tumor microenvironments: mechanism and application

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Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3777-3793. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in tumor initiation, development, immune escape, and clinical treatment. Hypoxia, an important characteristic of the TME, mediates vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) signaling through direct or indirect mechanisms. Directly, hypoxia promotes the expression of VEGF through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) induction. Indirectly, VEGF inhibits dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function by binding to VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and co-receptors expressed on cell membranes. Additionally, HIF can bypass VEGF/VEGFR and activate downstream signaling factors to promote tumor development. Currently, DC vaccine, anti-HIF and anti-VEGF therapies are widely used in clinical treatment, but their long-term effects remain limited. Therefore, a further understanding of the effects of hypoxia and VEGF signaling on DCs will help in th e development of innovative combination therapies and the identification of new targets.

PMID:34522449 | PMC:PMC8414384

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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,

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