Cisplatin chemotherapy impairs the peri-implant bone repair around titanium implants: an in vivo study in rats

Abstract

Aim

The purpose of this study in animals was to evaluate the peri-implant bone repair against systemic administration of the antineoplastic agent

Material and methods

Were used 84 male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus – Wistar), divided in two groups, Cisplatin (CIS) and saline solution (SS). The titanium implants were inserted into the right tibia at day 0 in all animals from both groups. Group SS: Received SS via intraperitoneal at 15 and 17 days postoperatively. Group CIS: Received 5mg/kg and 2.5mg/kg of cisplatin via intraperitoneal, at 15 and 17 days, postoperatively and respectively. The euthanasia were at 22, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Twenty-four undecalcified specimens were prepared for histometric analysis of bone/implant contact (BIC). Sixty specimens were selected to: bone area (BA) measurement, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis of RUNX-2, osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate resistant acid-phosphatase (TRAP). BIC and BA were considered to be the primary outcome parameters

Results

Group CIS showed lower BIC (11.87±0.97 mm; 19.19±0.8 mm; 17.69±1.05 mm; p≤0.05) and BA (3.68±1.29 mm²; 3.05±0.88 mm²; 3.23±0.67 mm²; p≤0.05), as well as decreased number of RUNX-2 (102.8±27.35 cells/mm²; 100.04 ±8.61 cells/mm²; 118.82 ±21.38 cells/mm²; p≤0.05) and OCN-positive cells (120±24.5 cells/mm²; 102±27.73 cells/mm²; 100±14.23 cells/mm²; p≤0.05) at 22, 30 and 60 days respectively. The animals in group CIS also showed increased number of TRAP-positive cells (86.8±6.37 cells/mm²; 71.5±4.72 cells/mm²; 92.8±9.52 cells/mm²; p≤0.05) and a persistent and exacerbated inflammatory response in all experimental periods

Conclusion

Within the limits of the present study was concluded that the chemotherapeutic cisplatin negatively affects the bone repair at peri-implant areas, jeopardizing the osseointegration of titanium implants.

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