Ligature-induced Peri-implantitis and Periodontitis in Mice

Abstract

Aim

Peri-implantitis (PI), inflammation around dental implants, shares characteristics with periodontitis (PD). However, PI is more difficult to control, treat, and detailed pathophysiology is unclear. We aimed to compare PI and PD progression utilizing a murine model.

Materials and Methods

Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice had their left maxillary molars extracted. Implants were placed in healed extraction sockets and osseointegrated. Ligatures were tied around the implant and second molar. Controls did not receive ligatures. Mice were sacrificed one week, one month, and three months (n≥5/group/time point) post ligature placement. Bone loss analysis was performed. Histology was performed for: hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), toluidine blue, and calcein.

Results

PI showed statistically greater bone loss compared to PD at one and three months. At three months, 20% of implants in PI exfoliated; no natural teeth exfoliated in PD. H&E revealed that alveolar bone surrounding implants in PI appeared less dense compared to PD. PI presented with increased osteoclasts, MMP-8, and NF-κB, compared to PD.

Conclusion

PI exhibited greater tissue and bone destruction compared to PD. Future studies will characterize the pathophysiological differences between the two conditions.

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