Effect of a low glycemic index diet versus a high-cereal fiber diet on markers of subclinical cardiac injury in healthy individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exploratory analysis of a randomized dietary trial

Publication date: Available online 25 September 2017
Source:Clinical Biochemistry
Author(s): Vanessa Ha, Effie Viguiliouk, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Bashyam Balachandran, David J.A. Jenkins, Peter A. Kavsak, John L. Sievenpiper
BackgroundMarkers of subclinical cardiac injury are elevated in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to healthy individuals. Low glycemic index (LGI) diets may improve both diabetes and cardiovascular risk but their effects on cardiac injury and fibrosis have not been previously studied. To test the effect of a LGI diet on markers of subclinical cardiac injury and fibrosis, we assessed the effect of a LGI compared with a high-cereal fiber diet on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and galectin-3 in otherwise healthy individuals with T2DM in an exploratory analysis of a completed randomized trial.MethodsA total of 201 participants completed the trial and had measurements of hs-cTnI and galectin-3 at baseline and at trial completion. Participants were randomized to follow a LGI or a high-cereal fiber diet over a 6-month period. Treatment differences were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with sex, baseline values, and diet x sex interaction included as covariates.ResultsIn a completer's analysis, no significant differences were observed for change in hs-cTnI (−0.16ng/L vs. −0.22ng/L, p=0.713) and galectin-3 levels (0.64μg/L vs. 0.14μg/L, p=0.166) when a LGI diet was compared to a high-cereal fiber diet.ConclusionsThe effect of a LGI diet was similar to a high-cereal fiber diet on hs-cTnI and galectin-3 levels in otherwise healthy individuals with T2DM over a 6-month period. Nevertheless, in the absence of any adverse effects, LGI diets remain an option for diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk management.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00438698



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