A Laboratory Evaluation of Contextual Factors Affecting Ratings of Speech in Noise: Implications for Ecological Momentary Assessment

Objectives: As hearing aid outcome measures move from retrospective to momentary assessments, it is important to understand how contextual factors influence subjective ratings. Under laboratory-controlled conditions, we examined whether subjective ratings changed as a function of acoustics, response timing, and task variables. Design: Eighteen adults (age 21 to 85 years; M = 51.4) with sensorineural hearing loss were fitted with hearing aids. Sentences in noise were presented at 3 overall levels (50, 65, and 80 dB SPL) and 3 signal to noise ratios (0, +5, and +10 dB signal to noise ratio [SNR]). Listeners rated three sound quality dimensions (intelligibility, noisiness, and loudness) under four experimental conditions that manipulated timing and task focus. Results: The quality ratings changed as the acoustics changed: intelligibility ratings increased with input level (p 0.1). Conclusions: The findings of this laboratory study provide evidence to support the conclusion that group-mean listener ratings of loudness, noisiness, and intelligibility change in predictable ways as level and SNR of the speech in noise stimulus are altered. They also provide weak evidence to support the conclusion that timing of the ratings (during or immediately after sound exposure) can affect noisiness ratings under certain conditions, but no evidence to support the conclusion that timing affects other quality ratings. There is also no evidence to support the conclusion that quality ratings are influenced by the presence of, or focus on, a secondary nonauditory task of the type used here. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and text of this article on the journal's Web site (www.ear-hearing.com). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Funding was received by a grant from Mitacs Inc. (to L.M.J. and A.D.) with Unitron Hearing Ltd. L.G. and F.P. received honoraria from the grant. The authors retained full editorial control of the data. Portions of this article were presented at the International Hearing Aid Research Conference (IHCON), Lake Tahoe, California, August 2016. G.S. is an employee of Sonova, the company that developed the mobile phone app being tested. All authors contributed to the design of the experiment, participated in the discussion of the results, and commented on the manuscript. L.M.J. analyzed the data and wrote the article; L.G. created the data collection program, performed the experiment, and wrote some sections of the article; G.S. provided critical feedback throughout data collection, analysis, and write-up; A.D. provided feedback at key stages throughout the process; F.P. contributed to the literature review. Address for correspondence: Lorienne M. Jenstad, Faculty of Medicine, School of Audiology & Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 BC, Canada. E-mail: ljenstad@audiospeech.ubc.ca Received September 5, 2017; accepted October 17, 2018. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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