An Aqueous Dual‐Ion Battery Cathode of Mn3O4 via Reversible Insertion of Nitrate

We report reversible electrochemical insertion of NO3‐ into manganese (II, III) oxide (Mn3O4) as a cathode for aqueous dual‐ion batteries. Characterization by TGA, FTIR, EDX, XANES, EXAFS, and in situ EQCM collectively provides unequivocal evidence that reversible oxidative NO3‐ insertion takes place inside Mn3O4. Ex situ HRTEM and corresponding EDX mapping results suggest that NO3‐ insertion de‐crystallizes the structure of Mn3O4. Kinetic studies reveal fast migration of NO3‐ in the Mn3O4 structure. This finding may open a new direction for novel low‐cost aqueous dual‐ion batteries.

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