Combination Therapy of Radiotherapy and Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Treatment in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, A Mini-Review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are a standard pharmacological therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Substantial data has accumulated in recent years showing that radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy is more effective than monotherapy alone. Pre-clinical studies have shown that the PD-L1 expression is upregulated on tumor cells after radiotherapy, resulting in the synergistically enhanced antitumor effect of irradiation and PD-L1 blockade.

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