DNA damage response inhibitors: mechanisms and potential applications in cancer therapy

Maintenance of genomic integrity is a pre-requisite for a safe and long life, preventing diseases associated with genomic instability such as cancer. DNA is constantly damaged by a large variety of endogenous and exogenous influences. Examples of endogenous lesions are incomplete DNA replication due to stalled replication forks and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and exogenous influences are exemplified by damaging physical or chemical agents such as UV light, ionizing radiation (IR) and DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics.

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